scholarly journals The losses at power grid caused by small nonlinear loads

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Stevanovic ◽  
Predrag Petkovic
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Non Linear Load ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Switching Mode

The difference between registered active power and spent unregistered power represents the losses at power grid. This paper treats problems related to losses caused by nonlinear loads connected to the power grid. In recent years the load profile of power consumers turned from energy-waster linear to energysaver but non-linear loads. The main cause of the losses appears due to the lack of adequate measurement equipment. Namely, common household power meters register only active energy, while power meters for industrial application register reactive energy as well. This approach does not follow the change of the enduser profile. Tendency of improving energy efficiency brought wide use of switching mode regulators and replace old incandescent light bulb with new energy saving lamps (CFL - compact fluorescent lamp, LED bulb). Therefore, the number of non-linear load drastically increased. Registering only active component of power at consumer?s side does not depict the real profile of the consumption. Therefore, in this paper we analyse and quantify the effects of nonlinear loads at power losses. As a result we suggest an efficient method for measuring the distortion component of power. The method relays on low-cost upgrade of commercial electronic power meters. The presented results of measurements on small non-linear loads confirm the proposed technique. Besides, they prove the importance of measuring all components of apparent power and justified their use in billing policy. The implemented set-up is based on power meter manufactured by EWG of Nis.

Study on Classification of Information to Realize Grid Intelligent

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1706-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang Li ◽  
Ji Liu ◽  
Wei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Power Grid ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Information Classification ◽  
Model Control ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automation Control

The accsess of large numbers of new energy and the difference of application requirements make information more huge and complex, different application system and different grid link has also a different protocol standards,All these make the visual display of information, unified modeling for power grid automation become complicated and trival. This article according to analysis the power grid stability and control theory, from the power grid stability and controlling ,the needed information and IEC61968 / IEC61970 / IEC61850 and other international standards are analyzed, and propose a power network information classification method, and get a power information classification, accord with smart grid construction and new energy access requirements. It can effectively direct building of power automation control model, control information interaction. Provide foundation support for grid unified modeling and the method of unified describe model.

scholarly journals CD Home Nanogrid: Avoiding Standby Consumption and Diminishing Ripple Amplitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Cordova-Fajardo ◽  
E. Tututi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Ripple Amplitude ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp

<div>The nanogrids are the basic unit to develop more complex and stronger distributed systems. DC nanogrids allow a better performance and higher efficiency than the AC nanogrids. The lack of DC home appliances in the local market has resulted in a slow development of DC Home Nanogrids (DCHN). The Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and LED are used in power electronics as high efficiency and low cost lightning components. However, these devices represent a source of emission of harmonics in Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) systems, due to their nonlinear behavior. In this paper a mathematical model for the nonlinear loads and experimental results of the voltage and current ripple in a DCHN are presented. The CFL and LED lamps are used as our nonlinear loads for test the model. The model explains well the experimental results of how the ripple amplitude is reduced. We also present the effect of decreasing the ripple amplitude when it is incorporated an induction stove in standby mode to the DCHN, which also is explained by the model.</div>

scholarly journals CD Home Nanogrid: Avoiding Standby Consumption and Diminishing Ripple Amplitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Cordova-Fajardo ◽  
E. Tututi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Ripple Amplitude ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp

<div>The nanogrids are the basic unit to develop more complex and stronger distributed systems. DC nanogrids allow a better performance and higher efficiency than the AC nanogrids. The lack of DC home appliances in the local market has resulted in a slow development of DC Home Nanogrids (DCHN). The Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and LED are used in power electronics as high efficiency and low cost lightning components. However, these devices represent a source of emission of harmonics in Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) systems, due to their nonlinear behavior. In this paper a mathematical model for the nonlinear loads and experimental results of the voltage and current ripple in a DCHN are presented. The CFL and LED lamps are used as our nonlinear loads for test the model. The model explains well the experimental results of how the ripple amplitude is reduced. We also present the effect of decreasing the ripple amplitude when it is incorporated an induction stove in standby mode to the DCHN, which also is explained by the model.</div>

scholarly journals About influence of non-sinusoidal currents and voltages on the amount of the electric energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 06009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Vanin ◽  
Alexandr Bulychov ◽  
Maxim Popov ◽  
Olga Vasilyeva ◽  
Maria Shakhova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Linear Load ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Voltage Current Characteristic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Non Linear Load

The results of measurements of the harmonics components of the current, voltage, power of harmonics at the point of connection of electric receivers with a non-linear voltage-current characteristic are considered. It is shown that the amount of electric energy including the non-sinusoidality of the currents and voltages consumed by the non-linear load is less than the amount of the fundamental frequency energy. The difference between them is the harmonic distortion energy that causes extra losses to the electric networks. The voltage harmonic distortions at the measurement point exceed the normative values for 0.4 kV electric networks.

Cooperation of a three-phase transformer with non-linear load

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Mateusz Daniluk ◽  
Tomasz Drabek ◽  
Tomasz Lerch
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Linear Load ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Non Linear Load ◽  
Measurement Verification

The paper presents the theoretical basics and the derivation of the American standard expression used to determine the thermally permissible current of three-phase dry transformers with nonlinear loads. The results of the measurement verification of this expression are presented, with different shapes of loading currents of the dry transformers under test. The results of the tests confirmed the correctness of the expression for contemporary transformers only.

Development of a Capacitor Probe to Detect Subsurface Deterioration in Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Diefenderfer ◽  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
J. J. Yoho ◽  
S. M. Riad ◽  
A. Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTPortland cement concrete (PCC) structures deteriorate with age and need to be maintained or replaced. Early detection of deterioration in PCC (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, freeze/thaw damage, or chloride presence) can lead to significant reductions in maintenance costs. However, it is often too late to perform low-cost preventative maintenance by the time deterioration becomes evident. By developing techniques that would enable civil engineers to evaluate PCC structures and detect deterioration at early stages (without causing further damage), optimization of life-cycle costs of the constructed facility and minimization of disturbance to the facility users can be achieved.Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are potentially one of the most useful techniques ever developed for assessing constructed facilities. They are noninvasive and can be performed rapidly. Portland cement concrete can be nondestructively evaluated by electrically characterizing its complex dielectric constant. The real part of the dielectric constant depicts the velocity of electromagnetic waves in PCC. The imaginary part, termed the “loss factor,” describes the conductivity of PCC and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.Dielectric properties of PCC have been investigated in a laboratory setting using a parallel plate capacitor operating in the frequency range of 0.1 to 40.1MIHz. This capacitor set-up consists of two horizontal-parallel plates with an adjustable separation for insertion of a dielectric specimen (PCC). While useful in research, this approach is not practical for field implementation. A new capacitor probe has been developed which consists of two plates, located within the same horizontal plane, for placement upon the specimen to be tested. Preliminary results show that this technique is feasible and results are promising; further testing and evaluation is currently underway.

Fault Localization of Power-Ground Short via Signal Injection and Oscilloscope Technique

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Signal Injection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Short Circuit Condition

Abstract For those attempting fault isolation on computer motherboard power-ground short issues, the optimal technique should utilize existing test equipment available in the debug facility, requiring no specialty equipment as well as needing a minimum of training to use effectively. The test apparatus should be both easy to set up and easy to use. This article describes the signal injection and oscilloscope technique which meets the above requirements. The signal injection and oscilloscope technique is based on the application of Ohm's law in a short-circuit condition. Two experiments were conducted to prove the effectiveness of these techniques. Both experiments simulate a short-circuit condition on the VCC3 power rail of a good working PC motherboard and then apply the signal injection and oscilloscope technique to localize the short. The technique described is a simple, low cost and non-destructive method that helps to find the location of the power-ground short quickly and effectively.

Optimum Design for the Frame of Open Type Abrasive Flow Polish Machine

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Liang Liang Yuan ◽  
Ke Hua Zhang ◽  
Li Min
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Set Up

In order to process heterotype hole of workpiece precisely, an open abrasive flow polish machine is designed, and the optimization design of machine frame is done for low cost. Firstly, basing on the parameters designed with traditional ways, three-dimensional force model is set up with the soft of SolidWorks. Secondly, the statics and modal analysis for machine body have been done in Finite element methods (FEM), and then the optimization analysis of machine frame has been done. At last, the model of rebuild machine frame has been built. Result shows that the deformation angle value of machine frame increased from 0.72′ to 1.001′, the natural frequency of the machine decreased from 75.549 Hz to 62.262 Hz, the weight of machine decreased by 74.178 Kg after optimization. It meets the strength, stiffness and angel stiffness requirement of machine, reduces the weight and cost of machine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document