scholarly journals Interaction between lf electric fields and biological bodies

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Ceselkoska
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Electric Field Calculation

In this paper the Equivalent electrodes method is used for electric field calculation in the proximity of the various biological subjects exposed to an electric field in the LF range. Several results of the electric field intensity on the body surface and numerous graphical results for equipotential and equienergetic curves are presented.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields and Temperature on The Inactivation of Microorganismsill

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyao Yan ◽  
Li Yin ◽  
Chunjing Hao ◽  
Kefu Liu ◽  
Jian Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Inactivation Effect

Abstract Pulsed electric fields (PEF) as a new pasteurization technology played an important role in the process of inactivating microorganisms. At the same time, temperature could promote the process of electroporation, and achieve better inactivation effect. This article studied the inactivation effect of PEF on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus velezensis under different initial temperatures (room temperature-24°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C). From the inactivation results, it found temperature could reduce the critical electric field intensity for microbial inactivation. After the irreversible electroporation of microorganisms occurred, the nucleic acid content and protein content in the suspension increased with the inactivation rate because the cell membrane integrity was destroyed. We had proved that the electric field and temperature could promote molecular transport through the finite element simulation. Under the same initial temperature and electrical parameters (electric field intensity, pulse width, pulse number), the lethal effect on different microorganisms was Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Escherichia coli > Bacillus velezensis.

scholarly journals Laser-induced diamond-like carbon film under different electric field directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Shenjiang ◽  
Li Dangjuan ◽  
Su Junhong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Bias Field ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Dlc Film ◽  
Laser Induced Damage

AbstractTi electrodes were directly deposited at different positions on diamond-like carbon (DLC) films to form horizontal and longitudinal electric fields on their surfaces. The ID/IG ratio increased with the sp3 content in the membrane when the DLC film was laser-irradiated and the electric field intensity was 0 V/cm. The bias electric field intensity increased from 0 to 1000 V/cm, and the corresponding laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) increased. The three-dimensional damage morphology of the DLC film with two different electrode structures was observed when the electric field intensity was 220 V/cm. Two types of electrode structures were observed in the Raman spectra under an electric field intensity of 110 V/cm and laser energy densities of 0 and 1.56 J/cm2. Results showed that the horizontal bias field had a more obvious influence than the longitudinal electric field on the decrease of the sp3–sp2 hybridization, preventing the formation of sp2 clusters, thereby slowing down the graphitization process of DLC. Applying the bias field to the DLC film could slow down the DLC film graphitization process and improve the LIDT of the DLC film.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of pulsed electric fields and temperature on the inactivation of microorganisms

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyao Yan ◽  
Li Yin ◽  
Chunjing Hao ◽  
Kefu Liu ◽  
Jian Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Inactivation Effect

AbstractPulsed electric fields (PEF) as a new pasteurization technology played an important role in the process of inactivating microorganisms. At the same time, temperature could promote the process of electroporation, and achieve better inactivation effect. This article studied the inactivation effect of PEF on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus velezensis under different initial temperatures (room temperature-24 $$\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }$$ ∘ C , 30 $$\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }$$ ∘ C , 40 $$\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }$$ ∘ C , 50 $$\mathrm{^\circ{\rm C} }$$ ∘ C ). From the inactivation results, it found temperature could reduce the critical electric field intensity for microbial inactivation. After the irreversible electroporation of microorganisms occurred, the nucleic acid content and protein content in the suspension increased with the inactivation rate because the cell membrane integrity was destroyed. We had proved that the electric field and temperature could promote molecular transport through the finite element simulation. Under the same initial temperature and electrical parameters (electric field intensity, pulse width, pulse number), the lethal effect on different microorganisms was Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Escherichia coli > Bacillus velezensis.

scholarly journals Electric Field Intensity Effects on the Microstructural Characteristics Evolution of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber via Molecular Simulation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Xiangnian Wang ◽  
Mengting Sun ◽  
Lijuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Materials Used

During ultra high voltage (UHV) transmission, the discharge caused by high intensity electric fields aggravates the aging process of external insulation materials used for composite insulators. The microstructural characteristics of its base material polymer—methyl vinyl silicone rubber—are the key basis for the performance of insulation materials under electric field exposure. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, a molecular model of methyl vinyl silicone rubber was established. Mechanisms influencing the microstructure evolution under electric fields had been studied at the atomic level. The results showed that the initial reaction characteristics of silicone rubber molecules involve the violent vibrated of all the methyl and vinyl atoms, and shortening of the chemical bonds. The neighboring groups were close to each other and generated different amounts of -Si-Si- bonds. This promoted the helical shrinkage of the molecule, and protrusion of the middle of the molecule which presented an inverted U shape. The high electric field greatly reduced the total energy of molecules, and the potential energy in particular was more severely destroyed, resulting in degradation of its structure. Besides, as the electric field intensity increased, the elastic modulus of the molecule gradually increased. It was shown that high electric fields would make the stiffness of silicone rubber become larger, and the brittleness to become stronger, which reduced the mechanical properties of materials, accelerating its aging. The results provide a theoretical basis for establishing the connection between the micro appearance and macro characteristics of materials, as well as reference values for the optimization of base materials used for making composite insulators.

High-speed isotachophoresis. Analytical aspects of the steady-state longitudinal temperature profiles

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Ryšlavý ◽  
Petr Boček ◽  
Miroslav Deml ◽  
Jaroslav Janák
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Longitudinal Temperature ◽  
Continuous Character

The problem of the longitudinal temperature distribution was solved and the bearing of the temperature profiles on the qualitative characteristics of the zones and on the interpretation of the record of the separation obtained from a universal detector was considered. Two approximative physical models were applied to the solution: in the first model, the temperature dependences of the mobilities are taken into account, the continuous character of the electric field intensity at the boundary being neglected; in the other model, the continuous character of the electric field intensity is allowed for. From a comparison of the two models it follows that in practice, the variations of the mobilities with the temperature are the principal factor affecting the shape of the temperature profiles, the assumption of a discontinuous jump of the electric field intensity at the boundary being a good approximation to the reality. It was deduced theoretically and verified experimentally that the longitudinal profiles can appreciably affect the longitudinal variation of the effective mobilities in the zone, with an infavourable influence upon the qualitative interpretation of the record. Pronounced effects can appear during the analyses of the minor components, where in the corresponding short zone a temperature distribution occurs due to the influence of the temperatures of the neighbouring zones such that the temperature in the zone of interest in fact does not attain a constant value in axial direction. The minor component does not possess the steady-state mobility throughout the zone, which makes the identification of the zone rather difficult.

POLARON IN A QUANTUM DOT UNDER AN ELECTRIC FIELD

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 1635-1642
Author(s):  
MIAN LIU ◽  
WENDONG MA ◽  
ZIJUN LI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Ground State Energy ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Transformation Methods

We conducted a theoretical study on the properties of a polaron with electron-LO phonon strong-coupling in a cylindrical quantum dot under an electric field using linear combination operator and unitary transformation methods. The changing relations between the ground state energy of the polaron in the quantum dot and the electric field intensity, restricted intensity, and cylindrical height were derived. The numerical results show that the polar of the quantum dot is enlarged with increasing restricted intensity and decreasing cylindrical height, and with cylindrical height at 0 ~ 5 nm , the polar of the quantum dot is strongest. The ground state energy decreases with increasing electric field intensity, and at the moment of just adding electric field, quantum polarization is strongest.

scholarly journals Effects of Flash Sintering Parameters on Performance of Ceramic Insulator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Xingwang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Ceramic Insulator ◽  
Flash Sintering ◽  
Ceramic Insulators

Ceramic outdoor insulators play an important role in electrical insulation and mechanical support because of good chemical and thermal stability, which have been widely used in power systems. However, the brittleness and surface discharge of ceramic material greatly limit the application of ceramic insulators. From the perspective of sintering technology, flash sintering technology is used to improve the performance of ceramic insulators. In this paper, the simulation model of producing the ceramic insulator by the flash sintering technology was set up. Material Studio was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on the alumina unit cell. COMSOL was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and current density on sintering speed, density and grain size. Obtained results showed that under high temperature and high voltage, the volume of the unit cell becomes smaller and the atoms are arranged more closely. The increase of current density can result in higher ceramic density and larger grain size. With the electric field intensity increasing, incubation time shows a decreasing tendency and energy consumption is reduced. Ceramic insulators with a higher uniform structure and a smaller grain size can show better dielectric performance and higher flashover voltage.

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