scholarly journals Smear layer removal with citric acid solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Petrovic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
File Size ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy in smear layer removal of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid, using SEM. Material and method: Twenty human, extracted teeth with a single root canal were examined. Whilst instrumentation with step-back technique and manual K files, root canals were irrigated with 2 ml of 2.5% NaOCl, between each file size. After instrumentatio n, specimens were divided into two groups. The first group was irrigated with a final flush of 17% EDTA, during one minute, and the second group was irrigated with a 10% citric acid. Results: Irrigation with 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid removed smear layer from the root canals walls. There was not statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in cleaning ability between EDTA and citric acid groups.

Root canal irrigation with citric acid solution

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yamaguchi ◽  
Koichi Yoshida ◽  
Ryuichi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

scholarly journals Smear layer removal capacity of disinfectant solutions used with and without EDTA for the irrigation of canals: a SEM study

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silveira Cardoso de Menezes ◽  
Caio Gorgulho Zanet ◽  
Márcia Carneiro Valera
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Group 5

The purpose of this study was to carry out a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the cleaning qualities and smear layer removal from root canal walls, instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, 2.0% chlorhexidine and saline solutions. Fifty extracted teeth were used in this study. All teeth were radiographed to determine the existence of a single canal. The crowns were cut at the cervical limit and the root canals were instrumented with K-type files up to size 45. During root canal preparation, irrigations were made with the different solutions being evaluated: Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl (10 roots); Group 2: 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA for 2 minute (10 roots); Group 3: 2.0% chlorhexidine (10 roots); Group 4: 2.0% chlorhexidine and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (10 roots); Group 5: saline solution (5 roots); Group 6: saline solution and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes (5 roots). After instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with each one of the solutions and the roots were cut in the buccolingual direction for SEM analysis, at the cervical, middle and apical thirds, to ascertain the presence or absence of smear layer and debris. SEM analysis was performed by three calibrated examiners and scores were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level of p = 5%. Results showed that the use of 17% EDTA decreased the smear layer significantly (p < 0.05) for all evaluated solutions in all thirds. When EDTA was not used, a significantly higher quantity of smear layer on the apical third was observed only in the NaOCl groups. The use of 17% EDTA was significant for debris removal except for the chlorhexidine groups. The following conclusion could be drawn: the use of 17% EDTA was necessary to enhance cleanness of the root canals.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Calcium Hydroxide Overflowing From Root Apex during Calcium Hydroxide Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
Canal Enlargement

Calcium hydroxide has been widely used as intracanal medicament recently. However, removing calcium hydroxide accumulated in the apical foramen was difficult, and there is a risk of overflowing outside of the apical foramen during removing procedure. In this study, we investigated (1) the status of overflow from root apex foramen in each removal method using hand file or ultrasonic scaler, (2) possibility of reducing overflow in combination with citric acid solution or EDTA solution. Twenty-four maxillary premolar artificial teeth were performed root canal enlargement using K-fail until No.25 or No.30 size of thickness in each 12 teeth. After finishing root canal enlargement, calcium hydroxide was filled within root canal apex completely. Then calcium hydroxide was removed using ultrasonic scaler or hand file. Furthermore purified water, citric acid solution or EDTA solution was prepared as auxiliary agents respectively. After removing calcium hydroxide from each root canal was finished, the condition of calcium hydroxide overflowing from root apex was observed using stereomicroscope. Calcium hydroxide in the root canal was sufficiently removed from root canals in the groups using ultrasonic scaler. However slighted calcium hydroxide was remained around root apex in the groups using hand file. Overflow of calcium hydroxide to outside around root apex was observed both using ultrasonic scaler and hand file. The tendency of calcium hydroxide overflowing was higher in the case of using ultrasonic scaler than using hand file. In the groups of using hand file, no significant difference was observed for the different size of root canal enlargement, however overflow of calcium hydroxide was clearly higher in 30 size of root canal enlargement using ultrasonic scaler. The use of citric acid solution and EDTA solution as auxiliary agents showed that overflow of calcium hydroxide was decreased compared without using them. In particular, the decrease of overflowing was more clearly using citric acid solution than using EDTA solution. It is recommended that using hand file on removal apex areas of calcium hydroxide to reduce amount of overflowing and improve the removal efficiency. Moreover reducing the risk of calcium hydroxide overflowing are expected using citric acid solution or EDTA solution.

scholarly journals Debris and Smear Layer Removal from Oval Root Canals Comparing XP-Endo Finisher, EndoActivator, and Manual Irrigation: A SEM Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Alakshar ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh ◽  
Mehmet Omer Gorduysus
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Versus ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess and compare XP-Endo Finisher (XP) cleaning efficiency with respect to the amount of remaining debris and smear layer versus Max-I-Probe needle (CI), EndoActivator device (EA), and combination of XP-Endo Finisher file with EndoActivator device (XP+EA) in oval root canals. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was performed on 36 extracted single root/canal mandibular premolars. Radiographic images were taken in buccolingual and mesiodistal projections to evaluate the shape of the root canal and determine whether it met exclusion criteria. All teeth were decoronated and prepared using Reciproc (R40). The samples were divided randomly into four groups: CI, EA, XP, and XP + EA. The root canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, respectively. Apart from the CI group, both solutions were activated by using the tested techniques for 1 minute.The teeth were split longitudinally, and the best visible identified sections of the roots were used as the representing samples for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Each half was divided into the following three parts: 1 mm from the anatomic apex and a standardized photomicrograph with 500x and 1500x magnifications for debris and smear layer were obtained. A five-grade scoring system was utilized to quantify the results at the coronal, middle, and apical regions. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results Group differences in debris and smear layer scores were found statistically significant for all locations as well as for overall assessment, except for the coronal third. Intragroup comparison of debris and smear layer in CI, EA, and XP had the minimum score at the middle third, with no significant difference compared with the coronal and apical thirds. XP + EA had less debris and smear layer score at the coronal third, significantly different from apical third.CI and EA had less debris and smear layer compared with XP and XP + EA at all locations with a significant difference at the middle and apical third (p < 0.05). Conclusion EA and CI showed less debris and smear layer than XP and XP + EA in the middle and apical third. The use of the XP in conjunction with the present irrigation protocol failed to have debris-free dentin surface in the apical portion of most of the root canals.

scholarly journals Possibility of "Spongio cement" usage for root canal opturation

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Dye Penetration

The aim of this study was to evaluate of apical and canal opturation quality of polymethyl metacrylate based material for canal opturation. Investigations were included 60 extracted human single root teeth. Root canals were opturated by standard endodontic technic with three different materials. Teeth were decalcificated and enlightened in 2% methyl salicilate solution. Linear dye penetration was measured with bynocular magnifying glass with 25x magnification. Results showed that the highest apical dye penetration in canals opturated with PMMA based material in relation of AH-26 and Sealapex. Middle value of linear dye penetration in canals opturated with PMMA based material where smear layer was removed was significantly les then in group of teeth where smear layer present.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 0.5% peracetic acid and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite on smear layer removal of root canal instrumented by three rotary systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Martins Gomes ◽  
Lais Dos Santos Lissi ◽  
Marcella Batista Pavanello Coelho ◽  
Eduardo Galera Da Silva ◽  
Frederico Canato Martinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants

<p class="western" lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Objective: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5% peracetic acid solution and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution on smear layer removal of root canal walls after rotary instrumentation. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Material and methods:</strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> Sixty single-rooted human teeth with standardized length had their canals instrumented by three rotary systems (Biorace, MTwo and Endowave), varying the irrigation solution, as follows (n=10): G1- Biorace System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G2- Biorace System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G3- MTwo System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G4- MTwo System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G5- Endowave System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G6- Endowave System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After instrumentation, the roots were cleaved and the dentin walls were evaluated by SEM at x500 and x2000 magnification for assessing the cleaning of the root canals at the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The analyzed area was quantified according to the total number of tubules present and the percentage of open tubules at each region. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests, at the significance level of 5%. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Results:</strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> There were no statistical significant differences among the experimental groups. In all groups the smear layer removal at cervical and medium thirds was higher than that of apical third. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Conclusion: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">It was concluded that the cleaning obtained at the apical third was lower in all groups studied</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">and neither the instrumentation technique nor the irrigating solution was able to promote total smear layer removal from root canal walls.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="en-US"> </p><p class="western" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>KEYWORDS: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> Peracetic acid; Root canal irrigants; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium hypochlorite.</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran M ◽  
Shankar Narayan Gopal ◽  
Indra R ◽  
Ramachandran S
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyse the smear layer removal at the coronal,middle and apical third of the root canals by using Er, Cr; YSGG laser system equipped with conical tip of 300 μm. A total of 80 single rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were endodontically prepared with rotary instrumentation and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and were randomly divided in to four groups (20 tooth each). GROUP I: Served as control (non lased group), in which root canal were irrigated with 17% EDTA .GROUP II : 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the coronal region .GROUP III: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the middle region.GROUP IV: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the apex region. The results showed complete smear layer removal at the coronal and middle region when compared to apical third of the root canal system. How to cite this article Murugesan S, Rajasekaran M, Baskaran VA, Gopal SN, Indra R, Ramachandran S. Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):11-14.

Solubility of Phosphorus in Citric Acid Solution as an Index of Biological Availability

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru YOSHIDA ◽  
Michiyuki ISHIKAWA ◽  
Hiroki NAKAJIMA ◽  
Saburo HOTTA
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Citric Acid Solution
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