scholarly journals Presence of different forms of compensatory behaviours among eating disordered patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Olga Kontic ◽  
Nadja Vasiljevic ◽  
Jagoda Jorga ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic ◽  
Aneta Lakic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Exercise ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction Eating disorders indicate unhealthy habits in nutrition and/or behaviour in the feeding and maintaining of body weight. The main characteristic of these diseases is changed behaviour in nutrition, either as an intentional restriction of food, namely extreme dieting or overeating, i.e. binge eating. Extreme dieting, skipping meals, self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and misuse of laxatives and diuretics for the purpose of maintaining or reducing body weight are the forms of compensatory behaviour. Objective The purpose of the present research was to determine the presence of different inappropriate compensatory behaviours among eating disordered patients. Methods The experimental group included 35 female eating disordered patients of 23.02?}3.46 years on average, with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. The control group consisted of 70 girls aged 23.1?}3.0 years on average. Each participant completed a '24-hour Recall Questionnaire' and the 'Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale'. Results A high statistically significant difference existed in the presence of all compensatory behaviours in the experimental and control group, regarding vomiting (?2=40.6; p<0.001), misuse of laxatives and diuretics (?2=33.7; p<0.001), extreme dieting (?2=23.4; p<0.001) and excessive exercising (?2=27.1; p<0.001). Conclusion Eating disordered patients showed a significantly higher incidence of all evaluated forms of compensatory behaviour in comparison with the control group. This report confirms the presence of specific symptomatology of anorexia and bulimia patients. .

scholarly journals SERGANČIŲJŲ VALGYMO SUTRIKIMAIS ASMENYBĖS KONSTRUKTAI

Psichologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A. Pačešiūnaitė ◽  
D. Čekuolienė
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Siekiant išsiaiškinti sergančiųjų valgymo sutrikimais asmenybės konstruktų sistemos ypatumus, naudojant SELF-GRID repertuarinę gardelę buvo ištirta dešimt merginų, sergančių nervine anoreksija, dešimt nervine bulimija ir dvidešimt sveikų merginų (kontrolinė grupė). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad sergančių valgymo sutrikimais merginų asmenybės konstruktų sistemos yra mažiau kognityviškai sudėtingos, naudojama mažiau skirtingų vertinimo parametrų įvairiems įvykiams aplinkoje paaiškinti, palyginti su kontrolinės grupės tiriamosiomis. Reikšmingiausių konstruktų analizė atskleidė, kad vienas svarbiausių valgymo sutrikimų grupės konstruktų yra „siekiantis tikslo“. Priešingai ankstesnių tyrimų rezultatams, tarp sergančiųjų valgymo sutrikimais pagrindinių asmenybės konstruktų nė karto nebuvo paminėti konstruktai, susiję su svoriu, kūno išvaizda ar maistu. Valgymo sutrikimais sergančiųjų asmenybės konstruktai, pasitelkus repertuarinę gardelę, Lietuvoje buvo analizuojami pirmą kartą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: asmenybės konstruktai, valgymo sutrikimai.Personal constructs of patients with eatingdisordersPačešiūnaitė A., Čekuolienė D. SummaryObjective. To examine the personal constructs system in female patients with eating disorders.Method. All subjects were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview which included completion of a type of repertory grid known as SELF-GRID. The SELF-GRID was chosen as specifically suited to this study having been devised by E. Button (1993) with the aim of exploring personal constructs of patients with eating disorders. In this study, a repertory grid of 11 elements (five versions of oneself and six elements of other people) was presented to 20 female subjects suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and 20 matched control subjects.Results. The main difference between the two groups was found to be the greater tendency of patients with eating disorders to construe in a narrow “tight construing” manner utilising less multidimensional personal constructs than the control group. This means that these patients with eating disorders were less cognitively complex than the control subjects. On the total percentage of variance contributed by the first three principal components, there was a significant difference (eating disorder group 83.12 %; control group 78.24 %; t = 2.465; p < 0. 05). The use of narrower systems of personal constructs provides fewer alternatives for construing oneself and other people. Such a constriction of alternatives might arise from a desire for greater predictability and control. In this situation, people with more multidimensional constructs can be a source of danger to the narrower system of personal constructs, as they might challenge and invalidate these constructs. This may explain why patients with eating disorders can gradually withdraw from socialising. The content of constructs was also analysed. Surprisingly, no central constructs related to weight, eating or appearance were found. The further detailed work is needed to understand this finding, as this might reflect the denial of the problem or, on the contrary, indicate that disturbed eating is just a manifestation of other underlying problems such as restricted negative emotionality, perfectionism, and high levels of achievement. Results of this study provide some evidence of a shared underlying problem, “goal orientation” being the consistent strong main theme of the personal constructs of patients with eating disorders. Patients with eating disorders usually focus narrowly on getting thinner, perhaps in the naïve hope that this will solve their underlying problems.The number of constructs elicited by the SELF-GRID was compared between the groups, and there was no significant difference. Neither was there a significant difference between eating disorder and control groups in the measures of positivity / negativity of construing.Conclusions. The personal construct systems of patients with eating disorders were less cognitively complex as compared with control subjects, although there was no difference in the number of elicited constructs. The main topic of the personal constructs of patients with eating disorders was “goal orientation”.Keywords: personal constructs, eating disorders.

Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110254
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Neerja Singla ◽  
Rohini Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

scholarly journals Parenting Stress and Need Assessment of Families with Disabled Children across Himachal Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randhir S. Ranta ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Need Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The study pertains to the parenting stress, which is believed to be the resultant of child disability and further assesses the needs of the families across selected pockets of Himachal Himalaya. Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and Need Assessment Scale were used for the purpose. For assessing the stress level among the parents, PQS was administered among two hundred parents having disabled children, herein called experimental group and two hundred parents with normal children, herein called control group. A three point Need assessment scale was used to measure the needs of 200 families on five different parameters. The result of t-test shows the significant difference between experimental and control groups indicating that the parents of disabled children experience more stress than their control counterpart. The study indicates that people need proper guidance and information regarding a child’s disability, nutritional requirements of a child, vocational training and child management. There is a need for proper counselling for parents suffering from stress and creating consciousness among parents of children with disabilities and in the society.

The effect of patience training on university students’ patience and life satisfaction levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-719
Author(s):  
Ayşe Eliüşük Bülbül ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the "patience training program" on the patience and life satisfaction levels of university students. The study was organized as a pre-test, post-test experiment and control group design. For a total of 30 students from which were 17 in the control group and 17 in the experimental group, patience training was given for 5 weeks. The "Patient Scale" developed by Schnitker (2010) and adapted to Turkish by Eliüşük and Arslan (2016) and the "Life Satisfaction Scale" developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Dağlı and Baysal (2016) were used as a data collection tool in the study. The "Wilcoxon" test was used for the comparison of in-group differences in the analysis of obtained data and the "Mann-Whitney U" test was used in examining the differences between the two groups. As a result of the study, it was observed that the patience and life satisfaction average scores of students in the experimental group receiving "patience training" increased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the patience and life satisfaction averages scores of the control group students.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Group Work Technique on Developing Attitudes of non-English Major Students towards Learning English as a Foreign Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (103) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Asst. Instr. Hayder Abdulzahra Shalash
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Major ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Work Technique ◽  
Learning English

       The present study aims at investigating the effect of applying group work technique on developing non-English major students' attitude towards learning English as a foreign language .Two null hypotheses have been formulated; the first hypothesis states that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in their attitude towards learning EFL after the experiment. The second one states that there is no statistically significant difference in (pre-post questionnaire) of the experimental group students' attitude towards learning EFL. To achieve the aim of the study, and verify its hypothesis, the researcher has applied eight week experiment. A sample of 62 students has been chosen and divided into experimental and control groups. It has been chosen randomly from the second year students in the Basic Education College/ Department of History/Academic year (2017-2018).        The attitude questionnaire for both groups was applied before and after the experiment. After processing the results statistically, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group. Having used the t-test formula, it was found that there is statistically significant development in the experimental group students' attitude towards learning EFL, which in turn indicates that the use of GWT is more effective than the traditional method.  Conclusion and recommendations were drawn.  

scholarly journals Scrambled Cloze Procedure: Does It Influence EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension and Writing Performance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Jahanbakhsh Nikoopour ◽  
Mino Bargnil
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study investigated the effect of using scrambled cloze procedure on reading and writing among intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 participants were tested on a PET test, from whom 48 homogeneous participants were selected and assigned randomly to two groups of 25 and 23, as experimental and control group. Then, both groups were given a pre-test of writing and reading comprehension. During 14 sessions, the experimental group were provided with scrambled cloze samples and tasks while practicing paragraph writing and reading, whereas the control group did not, while they were practicing paragraph writing and reading. At the end, the two groups were tested in reading comprehension and writing, based on a posttest. Two raters scored the writing samples collected from two groups in the pre and posttest. Pearson correlation was used to compute the inter-rater reliability. The results showed the experimental group outperformed the control group in paragraph writing and reading comprehension. However, it was found that gender did not make a significant difference in reading comprehension and writing performance.

scholarly journals Text-based Character in Teaching Reading: Do Students Can Achieve Significant Result in Reading Test?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Hasan Hasan ◽  
Andi Sadapotto ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Usman Usman
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental study involves the experimental and control group which consist of 60 students in first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang   2019/2020 academic year.  The reading test is used to collect data to find out do the students can achieve significant result in reading test using Text-based Character. Based on the result the mean score of the experimental group pre-test was 72.67 and classified into good classification, while the control group was 69.63 classified into good. The mean score of the post-test after treatment for the experimental group was 82.43 (very good) while the control group was 76.53, (good) classification still.  The researcher found that the T-table is higher than the t-test (α) (1.659<2.021). It means that there is a significant difference in the pre-test of the control and experimental group, while in post-test of an experimental and control group, the researcher finds that the T-test is higher than the alpha and previous score in the the pre-test (α) (3.089>2.021). The degree of freedom is 58. This study reveals that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. This is means that the use of Text-based Characters can improves students' reading skills in significant way.

scholarly journals USING SOCIOGRAM TO IMPROVE THE WRITING AND SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPN 1 JARAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Yoga Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Test Control

The objectives of this study were to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in each aspect of writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant difference in writing and speaking achievements between the eighth grade students of SMP 1 Jarai who were taught by using Sociogram and those who were not, and to find out the perception of the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Jarai after they were taught by using Socoiogram. In this paper, an experimental research method with pre and post test control group design was used with 70 students as the sample divided into two groups, experimental and control group. However, only the students of the experimental group were taught by using Sociogram. The obtained data were analyzed by using t-test. The students were given questionnaire to know their perceptions. The result showed that there was a significant difference in both students? writing and speaking achievements after they were tought by using Sociogram. Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant difference in students? writing and speaking achievement between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, Sociogram improves the students? writing and speaking achievements.

scholarly journals The Impact of Smartboard on Preparatory Year EFL Learners’ Motivation at a Saudi University

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zuraina Ali ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Sipra ◽  
Imtiaz Hassan Taj
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Preparatory Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Smartboards, which are now widely used in the teaching and learning process in Saudi Arabia, have turned the traditional environments of the classrooms, especially the EFL classrooms to be more interesting and encouraging. Literature reviews suggest that Saudi students usually lack motivation for studying English as a foreign language. This study tends to investigate the impact of Smartboards on preparatory year EFL learners motivation at a Saudi university. Two intact groups were selected, in which one was termed as experimental and the second as control group. The experimental group was taught using the Smartboard while the control group was taught with the traditional whiteboard, pen and book method. The treatment was given for seven weeks. A questionnaire was administered to both the groups at the beginning and the end of the study. The data was analysed using the SPSS and the results showed that there was significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of motivation.  

scholarly journals The impact of using the strategy of self-questioning in the achievement of students in the fifth grade in mathematics: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التساؤل الذاتي في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة الرياضيات

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Al-Zakri
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Test ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to examine the impact of the use of self-questioning in the understanding of fifth grade students in mathematics material. The researcher used the experimental methodology for independent groups to investigate the impact of the independent variable, which is a self-questioning strategy on the dependent variable, which is understanding. The study sample consisted of 42 students from the fifth grade students from Khubayb bin Udai School in Riyadh; equally divided into two groups of 21 students in each group (experimental and control), and after making sure from groups' equivalence by applying the tools of the study, having been taught the experimental group by using self-questioning strategy, while the control group has been studied the unit by using the traditional method. After the completion of the study of prescribed content study, study tools (achievement test) were applied then. The results indicated to the presence of a statistically significant difference (at the significance level <0. 05) between the mean scores of the two groups' students (experimental and control) in achievement test posttest for the experimental group. Since the results of the study were positive in increasing the achievement, the researcher recommended the need to use self-questioning to raise the level of achievement of learners in mathematics material

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