scholarly journals Plasma levels of cortisol and opioid peptide beta-endorphin during spontaneous vaginal delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Ljubica Arsenijevic ◽  
Zvezdana Kojic ◽  
Nada Popovic ◽  
Ljiljana Scepanovic
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Group 1

INTRODUCTION Labor pain is very frequent in clinical practice, but the underlying mechanisms as well as numerous neuroendocrine responses activated by such pain have not been fully explained yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the influence of labor pain on plasma levels of cortisol and opioid peptide ?-endorphin. METHOD Cortisol and ?-endorphin levels were measured in blood plasma of: health, non-pregnant women (group 1, n=8), health pregnant women (group 2, n=8) and in parturitions, through fourth ages (group 3, n=8), Plasma level of cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay, and ?-endorphin by enzyme immunoassay. Data were expressed as mean ? standard error of mean and were analyzed by Student's t test and Mann Whitney test. RESULTS Plasma level of cortisol in group 2 was significantly increased compared to the group 1. During labor progression, plasma level of cortisol was rising till the third labor age. Plasma level of cortisol in fourth labor age was not significantly different from the ag.e one and group 1. Plasma level of ?-endorphin was (n.g/L): in group 1:64?20, group 2:70?22, group 3:the first labor age: 75?15, the second labor age: 193?54, the third labor age: 346+97 and the fourth labor age: 114?31. CONCLUSION These results indicate that both ?-endorphin and cortisol are involved in regulation and modulation of labor pain and stress.

scholarly journals Reproductive health of women after abdominal delivery living in different regions of the Kyrgyz Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
A E Samigullina ◽  
V A Vybornykh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Third Place ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Abdominal Delivery ◽  
Group 1

Aim. Study of somatic and obstetric and gynecologic morbidity of women of the Kyrgyz Republic after Cesarean section. Methods. Retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2016 in Kyrgyz state medical institute of retraining and advanced training. Three regions of the Kyrgyz Republic were selected: Bishkek, Jalal-Abad and Issyk-Kul regions. 908 pregnant women after abdominal delivery were chosen as the subject of the study and divided into three groups: group 1 (Bishkek) - 305 pregnant women, group 2 (Jalal-Abad region) - 300 females, group 3 (Issyk-Kul region) - 303 females. The age was 15 to 49 years. The incidence of gynecologic and extragenital pathology and complications during previous pregnancies were studied. Results. Gynecologic pathology in past medical history was revealed in 15.8% of females, while women from group 1 are statistically significantly more likely to have gynecologic diseases than women from group 3. Females from group 2 had gynecologic pathology more rarely. In the structure of gynecologic incidence, sexually transmitted infections take the first place, cervical ectopy takes the second place and uterine fibroids - the third place. Extragenital pathology was detected in 38.2% of pregnant women. In its structure the first ranked place is taken by urinary tract diseases (12.3%), the second one - by infectious and parasitic diseases (11.6%), and the third place - by cardiovascular diseases (3.2%). Pathological course of pregnancy was also more frequent in group 1 than in group 2; there was no significant difference with group 3. Spontaneous abortion interrupted previous pregnancy in 19.8% of women, 5% had premature births, significantly more frequently in group 1, as well as preeclampsia. Conclusion. The most unfavorable region is the city of Bishkek, female residents of Jalal-Abad region are less susceptible to diseases; in general, gynecologic pathology was revealed in 15.8% of females, extragenital pathology - in 38.2% of pregnant women; pathological course of pregnancy was statistically more frequent in group 1 than in group 2, without significant difference with group 3.

scholarly journals Vaccine trial against canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Islamic republic of Iran

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
M. Mohebali ◽  
E. Fallah ◽  
S. Jamshidi ◽  
H. Hajjaran
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 received autoclaved Leishmania infantum vaccine with BCG. Group 2 received autoclaved L. major vaccine with BCG. Group 3 received BCG alone and Group 4 received normal saline. Dogs received the vaccines intradermally three times each at 30-day intervals. All dogs were tested at 2-month intervals with the leishmanin skin test and anti-Leishmania ELISA. Ninety days after the third dose, each dog received an intraperitoneal challenge of 2.5 X 10 [6] infective promastigotes of L. infantum. Necropsy was performed on all dogs to investigate for parasites. All of the dogs in the unvaccinated groups were infected with L. infantum but of the dogs in the vaccinated groups, only one dog was infected

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Status, Haemoglobin and Protein Levels of Pregnant Women in Owerri Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I. L. Okoroiwu ◽  
Jane Ugochi Chinedu-Madu ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
C. C. N. Vincent ◽  
O. M. T. B. Ochiabuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study was done to determine iron status, haemoglobin and protein levels of pregnant women in owerri metropolis. A total of 100 pregnant women were recruited for this study. The mean Hb levels in group 1, group 2, and group 3· were 12.00±1.68g/dl, 10.06±1.J4g/dl and 10.96±1.19g/dl respectively. The mean Serum ferritin level of group 1 was 67.00±88.38ng/ml, group 2, 52.48±52.47ng/ml and group 3, 51.26±48.70ng/ml. The mean Serum iron in group 1, 2 and 3 were 46.72±16.41 g/dl, 79.59±63.24 g/dl and 83.35±53.04 g/dl respectively. In group 1, 2 and 3 the mean results. ( g/dl) of TIBC were 295.58 ± 109.53, 324.06 ± 178.00 and 319.88 ± 92.95 and % T.S (%) were 18.78 ± 11.77,26.59 ± 19.40 and 17.97 ± 10.87 percent respectively. The mean total protein was group 1,6.83±l1.77g/dl, group 2,6.39±0.70g/dl and group 3, 6.39 ±0.98 g/dl while the mean albumin (g/dl) in group 1, 2 and 3 were 4.84±0.47, 4.13±0.28 and 4.14±0.29 respectively. The mean values of globulin (g/dl) were 1.98 ± 0.91, 2.29 ± 0.87 and 1.89 ± 0.90 in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. As gestational age increased; serum ferritin, total protein, and albumin levels decreased while serum" iron and TIBC increased. The differences in the mean results between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) while % T.S and globulin levels when compared showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Iron status showed no statistical difference with increasing parity (p>0.05). However, from this study iron deficiency anaemia was most prevalent in second trimester; hence iron status estimation should be an integral part of routine antenatal care test during second trimester of each pregnancy for proper assessment and management of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals A comparison between different anti-retroviral therapy regimes on soluble inflammation markers: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Maritati ◽  
Trentini Alessandro ◽  
Nunzia Zanotta ◽  
Manola Comar ◽  
Tiziana Bellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Although HIV-related deaths have decreased dramatically following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection itself causes increased morbidity and mortality for both non-AIDS-related events or chronic inflammation and immune activation. The use of certain antiretroviral drugs can contribute to this process. Methods We investigated 26 potential biomarkers in serum samples from HIV-1 infected patients virologically suppressed under ART. The main objective of our study was to evaluate if virological suppression achieved with a triple drug regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate co-formulated with emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as backbone, could correlate with a better immunological and inflammatory profile in relation to the third class of antiretroviral drug administered. The eligible patients were then divided into 3 groups in relation to the third drug associated with TDF/FTC: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (Group 1, n = 16), protease inhibitors (PI) (Group 2, n = 17) and integrase inhibitors (INI) (Group 3, n = 16). Results Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were more represented in Group 2 than in Group 3 (IL-1Ra, p = 0.013; IL-12p70 p = 0.039; TNF-α p = 0.041; IL-8, p = 0.027; MIP1 β, p = 0.033). Eotaxin showed lower levels in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p = 0.010), while IP-10 was significantly lower in Group 1 compared to both Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions Our results seem to discourage the administration of PI as a third drug in a virologically effective antiretroviral regimen, as its use is linked to the detection of higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison with INI and NNRTI.

PITUITARY LH AND FSH SECRETION AND RESPONSIVENESS IN WOMEN OF OLD AGE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Scaglia ◽  
Martha Medina ◽  
Ada L. Pinto-Ferreira ◽  
Guadalupe Vazques ◽  
Carlos Gual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Episodic Fluctuations ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT The plasma concentrations and episodic fluctuations of immunoreactive FSH and LH as well as the pituitary sensitivity to LH-RH stimulation were evaluated in post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to age. Group 1: 60–70 years old (n=11), group 2: 70–80 years old (n=22), group 3: 80–90 years old (n=31) and group 4: 90–100 years old (n=8). Standards used in gonadotrophin radioimmunoassays included the LER-907 preparation and a pooled post-menopausal serum. Since it was found that circulating gonadotrophins have an immunological pattern different from that shown by the pituitary preparation, the results were expressed in mIU/ml calculated accordingly to the immunological behaviour of pooled post-menopausal sera. The mean (± se) plasma levels of FSH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 105.9 ± 9.5, group 2: 149.3 ± 10.5, group 3: 124.8 ± 7.1 and group 4: 149.4 ± 25.3. The mean (± se) plasma levels of LH (mIU/ml) were: group 1: 81.9 ± 12.5, group 2: 95.4 ± 9.9, group 3: 84.3 ± 7.7 and group 4: 113.5 ± 19.1. No statistically significant differences were observed among the 4 groups. One patient from each group was randomly selected in order to evaluate their LH and FSH episodic release as well as their pituitary responsiveness to exogenous stimulation. A pulsatile plasma pattern of gonadotrophin and a normal pituitary response to LH-RH injection were observed in the 4 patients studied. The results are interpreted as demonstrating that normal pituitary gonadotrophin function and pituitary reserve and responsiveness to exogenous stimulation are maintained in women of advanced age.

scholarly journals Feline Leukemia Virus-associated Enteritis—A Condition with Features of Feline Panleukopenia

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reinacher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histopathological Alterations ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was demonstrated immunohistologically in 218 necropsied cats suffering from enteritis. The animals were divided into three groups according to histopathological criteria. The first group exhibited the signs of feline panleukopenia in intestine, lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow. Only 1.6% of these animals were FeLV-infected. The animals of the second group had histopathological alterations as seen in cats suffering from feline panleukopenia, but these were found only in the intestine and not in lymphoid tissues or bone marrow. Of these 71.9% were infected with FeLV. The third group consisted of all other cats suffering from enteritis of which 6.3% were FeLV-positive. The association between FeLV infection and the lesions seen in the animals of group 1 (feline panleukopenia) and group 3 (other types of enteritis) is statistically not significant whereas the alterations exhibited by the cats of group 2 are significantly FeLV-associated. Cats with FeLV-associated enteritis (group 2) are of a mean age of about 2.5 years and are significantly older than animals with feline panleukopenia which are of a mean age of about half a year. Thus a FeLV-associated enteritis exists as a histopathologically recognizable condition which sometimes might be mistaken for feline panleukopenia in routine post-mortem investigations.

scholarly journals A role of comprehensive cervix assessment in the first trimester of pregnancy for predicting preterm delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
V. G. Volkov ◽  
O. V. Chursina
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Delivery Term ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to improve efficacy of predicting preterm labor in the first trimester of pregnancy by combining diverse parameters of cervical ultrasound examination.Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 1517 women with uncomplicated pregnancy was performed. Inclusion criteria were: females underwent cervicometry at 11–14 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy, revealing no complaints at the onset of examination. All women were subdivided into four groups: Group 1 – 27 pregnant women with shortened cervix (less than 30 mm); Group 2 – 24 pregnant women without cervical gland area (СGA); Group 3 – 30 pregnant women with two risk factors (shortened cervix less than 30 mm and lacked СGA); Group 4 (control) consisted of 1436 pregnant women with cervix length exceeding 30 mm and presence of СGA.Results. Average delivery term in Group 1 was 35.7 weeks (95 % CI = 34.7–36.8), in Group 2 – 34.7 weeks (95 % CI = 33.59–35.0), in Group 3 – 33.23 weeks (95 % CI = 31.6–34.8), in Group 4 (control) – 38.11 weeks (95 % CI = 38.06–38.17). A significant moderate correlation (Rxy = 0.534) between shortened cervix, absence of СGA and delivery term was found (p < 0.001). A regression model consisting of cervical length and presence of СGA was simulated based upon 50.8 % factors underlying probability of preterm birth, revealing 42.6 % sensitivity, 99.1 % specificity, and 96.6 % overall diagnostic value. The area under the ROC curve was 0.902 ± 0.022 (95 % CI = 0.860–0.945). The data obtained reflect diverse biochemical changes such as collagen decomposition, altered glucosamine level and fluid amount within cervical tissues. Such processes result in shortened, softened and expanded (matured) cervix. Uncovering markers for preterm cervical maturation underlies a logical strategy to predict miscarriage.Conclusion. Untrasound cervical measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy allows for revealing valuable miscarriage predictors (shortened cervix and absence of GI). Risk assessment by combining diverse ultrasound cervix parameters would allow to improve overall predictive efficacy.

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: clinical and genetic aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Iu Iukina ◽  
E A Troshina ◽  
D G Bel'tsevich ◽  
A N Tiul'pakov ◽  
M A Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
The Third ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Disease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sporadic Pheochromocytoma ◽  
Group 1

The present retrospective descriptive and analytical study included 167 patients divided into three groups. Two groups were comprised of the patients with genetically predetermined pheochromocytoma (type 2 MEN syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau disease respectively), the third croup consisted of the patients presenting with sporadic pheochromocytoma. The median age at which pheochromocytoma was diagnosed was 25 years in group 1, 18 years in group 2, and 47 years in group 3. Adrenalin-type secretion was predominated in group 1 in contrast to the noradrenalin-type and mixed-type secretion in the patients of groups 2 and 3 respectively. The patients of group 1 showed positive correlation between the tumour size and excretion of methylated catecholamines. 82% of these patients exhibited bilateral adrenal lesions and 58% suffered multifocal lesions; no cases of extra-adrenal localization of the tumour were documented. The extra-adrenal localization of pheochromocytomas was observed in 16.4% of the patients in group 2, where 6.6% of the patients had metastases. No metastases of pheochromocytoma were found in the patients of groups 1 and 3. It is concluded that the patients under the age of 40 presenting with bilateral and multicentral pheochromocytoma with the aggravated familial history need the genetic predetermination of the disease to be excluded taking into account syndromal symptoms. Examination for the detection of type 2 MEN is not required in the patients showing isolated normetanephrin excretion. Nor is the search for metastases of pheochromocytoma and its extra-adrenal localization is necessary in the patients presenting with type 2 MEN syndrome and/or exhibiting isolated metanephrin excretion.

Performance of sows first mated at puberty or second or third oestrus, and carcass assessment of once-bred gilts

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
A. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARY1. Of 80 gilts reared on a restricted plane of nutrition, 75 were allocated to one of four groups. Group 1; 17 gilts mated at puberty were slaughtered after farrowing their first litter. Group 2; 20 gilts mated at puberty were observed for three parities. Group 3; 18 gilts mated at second oestrus were observed for three parties. Group 4; 18 gilts mated at third oestrus were observed for three parities. Group 5; nine additional gilts reared on feed ad libitum and mated at first oestrus were observed for three parities. All animals received the same ration after the first mating.2. The mean age (±SD) of the restricted gilts at puberty was 186 ± 17 days at a weight of 89 ± 9 kg. The gilts fed ad libitum were significantly (P<0·01) older and heavier at puberty (203 ± 15 days and 120 ± 27 kg).3. Conception rates were 83, 86, 94 and 82% for Groups 1 and 2 combined, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.4. Gilts mated at first, second and third oestrus produced, respectively, 7·8, 9·8 and 10·4 ± 2·2 piglets in the first parity. Group 5 gilts had 11·0 ± 2·2 piglets. All significant differences were confined to the first parity.5. By the end of the third parity there were no differences between the restricted gilts mated at first, second or third oestrus in total number of piglets born or reared.6. The gilts slaughtered (at 135 kg) after producing one litter yielded carcasses which were heavier but leaner than those from contemporary maiden gilts grown to 120 kg on a semi-restricted feeding scale.

Lack of an effect of morphine or naloxone on the oestrogen-induced LH surge in anoestrous ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. E. Horton ◽  
I. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptide ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT To determine whether opioid mechanisms modulate the positive feedback effect of oestrogen on LH secretion, anoestrous ewes were given a single injection of 50 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB), followed by infusions of morphine or naloxone. All sheep were injected i.m. with 50 μg OB at 00.00 h. In experiment 1, sheep were given i.v. infusions of the following: group 1, 12 ml saline/h from 09.00 to 15.00 h (n=12); group 2, 40 mg naloxone/h from 09.00 to 12.00 h (n = 5); group 3, 40 mg naloxone/h from 10.00 to 14.00 h (n = 5); group 4, 10 mg morphine/h from 09.00 to 15.00 h (n = 5); and group 5, 20 mg morphine/h from 09.00 to 15.00 h (n = 5). Jugular blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals to monitor LH surges, which commenced 13.0 ± 0·6 h after injection of OB in control (OB plus saline) ewes. The infusions of naloxone or morphine did not affect the timing or magnitude of the oestrogen-induced LH surge. To examine the possibility that opioidergic regulation of the LH surge occurred earlier than the infusion regimens in experiment 1, sheep were infused from the time of the OB injection (00.00 h) until 15.00 h. In this experiment (experiment 2), sheep were given i.v. infusions of the following: group 1, 4·2 ml saline/h (n=5); group 2, 20 mg naloxone/h (n=5); and group 3, 20 mg morphine/h (n=5). As in experiment 1, treatment with neither the opioid agonist or antagonist was able to alter the positive feedback response of OB. These results suggest that neither the timing of the LH surge or the peak concentrations of LH achieved in plasma are influenced by opiates in this model. This suggests that in contrast to the rat, the mechanisms responsible for generating the oestrogen-induced preovulatory-like LH surge in the anoestrous ewe do not involve any endogenous opioid peptide mechanisms. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 89–93

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