scholarly journals Two pp-omas of the head of the pancreas one of which with central necrosis fistulated into the duodenum

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoje Colovic ◽  
Nikica Grubor ◽  
Marjan Micev ◽  
Natasa Colovic ◽  
Vera Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Whipple’S Procedure ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Immunologic Reactions ◽  
Total Duodenopancreatectomy

PP omas are rare, usually malignant tumors of the PP cells of the Langerhan?s islets which secrete pancreatic polipeptide. The authors present two women operated for PP-omas of the pancreas. The first was 55 year-old woman in whom we did a cephalic duodenopan-createctomy (Whipple's procedure) for the tumor of the head of the pancreas with central cavity containing gas due to comunication with the duodenum. Imunohistochemistry showed a PP oma with strong generalised immunoreactivity with antibodies against Chromogra-min A, neuron specific enolasa and PP with more the 95% of tumor cells and coexpression of somatostatine in 35% and VIP in less then 5% of tumor cells. Following uneventful recovery the patient stayed symptom free so far and put 20 kilograms in weight. The second patient was 19 year-old girl with a multinodal tumor of almost the entire pancreas in whom a local excision of the nodal mass of the head of the pancreas had been carried out in the other hospital, three years ago and relaparotomy and tumor biopsy a month before admission to our institution. In her we did a total duodenopancreatectomy and standard limphadenectomy for a multinodal mass ocupying almost the entire pancreas. Immunohistochemistry showed a strong generalised immunoreactivity with antibodies agains Chromographin A, Neuron speciphic enolasa and PP for more then 95% of tumor's cells. Glucagon was expressed in few focuses (in less then 1% of cells), somatostatin was expressed very rarely in single cells while the rest of tumor markers did not show a visible immunologic reactions in the majority of tumor's cells. Three years after surgery she died due to multiple liver secondaries.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo matrix metalloproteinase expression after photodynamic therapy with a liposomal formulation of aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Osiecka ◽  
Kamil Jurczyszyn ◽  
Krzysztof Symonowicz ◽  
Andrzej Bronowicz ◽  
Paweł Ostasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Liposomal Formulation ◽  
Tumor Bearing

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known method for the treatment of malignant tumors, and its principles have been well established over the past 30 years. This therapy involves the application of a chemical called a photosensitizer and its subsequent excitation with light at the appropriate wavelength and energy. Topical photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an alternative therapy for many malignant processes, including nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC). Our novel approach for this study was to use a liposomal formulation of 5-ALA and its methyl ester (commercially available as metvix) both in vitro and in vivo, and to check whether the liposome-entrapped precursors of photosensitizers can induce the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in animal tumor cells and in other tissues from tumor-bearing rats and in selected cell lines in vitro. We also checked whether the application of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has any effect on MMPs in the above-mentioned experimental models, and if they can cause complete inhibition of MMP expression. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that after the PDT, the intensity of expression of MMPs in healthy animals was very low and seen in single cells only. After the PDT in tumor-bearing rats, MMP-3 was expressed in the tumor cells with the highest intensity of staining in the tissues directly adjacent to the tumors, while MMP-2 and -9 were not found. In the control groups, there was no observed expression of MMPs. In vitro studies showed that MMP-3 was expressed in MCF-7 cells after PDT, but MMP-9 was not observed and MMP-2 was only seen in single cases. Our studies confirmed that the application of an MMP-3 inhibitor may block an induction of MMP-3 expression which had previously been initiated by PDT. The preliminary data obtained from cancer patients revealed that new precursors are effective in terms of PDT, and that using MMP inhibitors should be considered as a potential enhancing factor in clinical PDT.

Penile Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Rare Case With PD-L1 Expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692098834
Author(s):  
Raquel Machado-Neves ◽  
Bernardo Teixeira ◽  
Elsa Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Valente ◽  
Joaquim Lindoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate

Most malignant tumors of the penis are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), being divided in 2 groups, one human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and another non-HPV-related, with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) being one of the rarest HPV-related SCC. In this article, we report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented testicular swelling and pain for the past 3 months. A penile mass was identified, and the patient was submitted to a total penectomy. The penectomy specimen showed an ulcerated lesion at the glans reaching the cavernous bodies. Microscopic examination showed undifferentiated epithelial cells with syncytial growth pattern mix with a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, consistent with LELC. The tumor cells expressed p16 and all 3 different clones of PDL1 (22C3, SP263, and SP142). The patient is alive and well with a follow-up of 3 months. To our knowledge, this is the third LELC of the penis reported in literature and the first case reported with PDL1 expression.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanisms of Elemene in Reversing Drug Resistance in Tumor Cells: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Tiantian Tan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ruhua Luo ◽  
Rongrong Wang ◽  
Liyan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Abcb1 Transporter

Malignant tumors are life-threatening, and chemotherapy is one of the common treatment methods. However, there are often many factors that contribute to the failure of chemotherapy. The multidrug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy has been reported, since tumor cells’ sensitivity decreases over time. To overcome these problems, extensive studies have been conducted to reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. Elemene, an extract of the natural drug Curcuma wenyujin, has been found to reverse drug resistance and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Mechanisms by which elemene reverses tumor resistance include inhibiting the efflux of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1) transporter, reducing the transmission of exosomes, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in various signaling pathways, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting stemness, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and so on. In this paper, the mechanisms of elemene’s reversal of drug resistance are comprehensively reviewed.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T.M. Tram ◽  
N.K. Suong ◽  
L.T.T. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars.Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.

scholarly journals A small molecule screen identified N-Acetyl-L-cysteine for promoting ex vivo growth of single circulating tumor cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Teng ◽  
Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Oihana Iriondo ◽  
Yonatan Amzaleg ◽  
Chunqiao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Small Molecule Screen ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Single Ctcs

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) can be isolated via a minimally invasive blood draw and are considered a “liquid biopsy” of their originating solid tumors. CTCs contain a small subset of metastatic precursors that can form metastases in secondary organs, and provide a resource to identify mechanisms underlying metastasis-initiating properties. Despite technological advancements that allow for highly sensitive approaches of detection and isolation, CTCs are very rare and often present as single cells, posing an extreme challenge for ex vivo expansion after isolation. Here, using previously established patient-derived CTC lines, we performed a small molecule drug screening to identify compounds that can improve ex vivo culture efficiency for single CTCs. We found that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and other antioxidants can promote ex vivo expansion of single CTCs, by reducing oxidative and other stress particularly at the initial stage of single cell expansion. RNA-seq analysis of growing clones and non-growing clones confirmed the effect by NAC, but also indicate that NAC-induced decrease in oxidative stress is insufficient for promoting proliferation of a subset of cells with heterogeneous quiescent and senescent features. Despite the challenge in expanding all CTCs, NAC treatment lead to establishment of single CTC clones that have similar tumorigenic features, which will facilitate future functional analyses.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN RECEPTOR IN THE DELIVERY OF TARGETED PREPARATIONS IN ONCOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
H. M Treshalina ◽  
G. B Smirnova ◽  
S. A Tsurkan ◽  
J. R Tcherkassova ◽  
N. A Lesnaya
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Afp Production

There was executed the analysis of thematic literature during from 1956 to 2015 devoted to receptors to fetal proteins, including to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) known in medicine as oncomarker and used by malignant cells for the organization of tumoral homeostasis. As protein carrier, AFP similar to albumin takes of vitally important molecules in a space «hydrophobic pocket» and moves inside a cell, but as the cancer-embryonal antigen (CEA) - determines the existence of a malignant tumor, but not the type of a neoplasm. On the bounding of AFP with teratogen and their internalization and delivery in an embryo there is based the development of ways of «address» delivery of substances into a cell. This is realized by means of receptor mediated endocytosis via specific membranous receptors to AFP (ReCAF) with high selectivity concerning malignant cells of various genesis. Up to 90% of all malignant cells of the human and tumor models for human and mammalians express AFP receptors, including rather recently opened stem tumor cells - the most probable source of metastasing. AFP production and expression of receptors is selectively raised in malignant tumors of patients and human tumor models. The hyperproduction of AFP and hyperexpression of ReCAF are related to the histologic type of tumor model and are characteristic for embrional cell tumors and hepatoblastomas with initially low drug sensitivity or with the resistance. When choosing the model it is necessary to consider that in different types of tumor cells ReCAF have specific features in cultivation which are not pronounced in conditions of an animal organism. More differentiated tumors are characterized by the larger level of the AFP production and a hyperexpression of ReCAF. The use of subcutaneous tumor xenografts signal for AFP localizations with the hyperexpression of receptors, allows to reveal mostly evidentially the effectiveness of the therapeutic system at the preclinical level. Address delivery of therapeutic systems created on the basis of AFP or its fragments is capable of causing the change of their pharmacological properties. The therapeutic prize is possible due to the induction of process of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, but at the same time the fall in the cytotoxic capacity of system is possible.

scholarly journals GENE-61. METHYLATION-BASED LIQUID BIOPSY OF MENINGIOMA PRIMARY AND RECURRENT SAMPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi111-vi111
Author(s):  
Thais Sarraf Sabedot ◽  
Tathiane Malta ◽  
James Snyder ◽  
Tobias Walbert ◽  
Ian Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
P Value ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Dna Fragments

Abstract Meningiomas are mostly benign CNS tumors, however a subset of these tumors may become atypical or malignant. The standard of care to monitor patients after diagnosis requires serial MRI assessments, which have limited value in distinguishing malignant tumors from benign disease. Therefore the discovery of non-invasive methodologies that reflect meningioma tumor burden and its dynamic evolution in real-time is highly desirable. Liquid biopsy (LB) could be used to fine-tune surveillance and treatment with minimal risk to patients. Evidence of circulating tumor cells and cell-free (cf) tumor DNA in the blood has been shown in several tumor types, however limited progress has been made for brain tumors with known biomarkers; possibly due to the unlikelihood of capturing point mutations in circulating DNA fragments. On the other hand, DNA methylation signatures are maintained even in small DNA fragments, which suggests that DNA methylation is an attractive marker to be studied in liquid biopsy of brain cancers. In order to identify DNA methylation-based biomarkers using archival serum and tissue specimens, we analyzed the epigenome (Illumina Human EPIC array) of patients with primary (n=10) and recurrent (n=4) meningiomas and epileptic patients (n=5) as control. cfDNA fragment size distribution revealed peaks with 150~200bp on average. We identified 482 CpGs (p-value< 0.001) differentially methylated between primary meningiomas and controls, which 294 (61%) show a DNA methylation profile similar to the matched tumor tissue. Overall, we observed that recurrent samples are hypermethylated (56%) compared to primary. From this pilot data, we were able to investigate the LB methylome of meningioma patients and identify potential markers to detect tumor cells in the serum of these patients, which could eventually allow clinicians to monitor impending disease progression and recurrence.

scholarly journals Solitary Pancreatic Metastasis From Breast Matrix-Producing Carcinoma: A First Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kiyasu ◽  
Ken Hayashi ◽  
Go Miyahara ◽  
Makoto Narita
Keyword(s):  
Distal Pancreatectomy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Metastasis ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Axillary Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Pancreatic Metastases ◽  
First Case

Introduction: Breast matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC) is a rare histologic type. Pancreatic metastases from breast cancers are also rare. We report the first case of solitary pancreatic metastasis from breast MPC, treated with distal pancreatectomy. Case presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with a 56-mm mass in her right breast and a swollen right axillary lymph node. Both lesions had characteristic early ring enhancement on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tumor biopsy revealed MPC. She underwent total mastectomy and axillary clearance. On histopathologic examination, the tumor was composed of extracellular matrix with areas of osseous and chondroid differentiation without spindle cells or osteoclasts, surrounded by a dense population of glandular epithelial tumor cells. On immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 5/6. The final diagnosis was breast MPC with axillary metastasis. Two years later, dynamic MRI displayed a mass in the pancreatic body with early ring enhancement, suspicious for solitary breast MPC metastasis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed bone and cartilaginous matrix with necrosis, surrounded by pleomorphic sarcomatous tumor cells. Tumor cells showed less cytokeratin positivity than the primary breast lesion. These findings were compatible with breast MPC metastasis. Conclusion: Solitary pancreatic metastasis from breast MPC has not yet been reported. Surgical resection of malignant pancreatic metastases is controversial; however, considering that breast MPC has limited responsiveness to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, curative resection would be important in this case. The histopathologic features of MPC may reflect enhancement and calcification on radiologic studies.

Carcinosarcoma of the Pancreas Arising in a Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bloomston ◽  
Jose Chanona-Vilchis ◽  
E. Christopher Ellison ◽  
Nilsa C. Ramirez ◽  
Wendy L. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Cystic Neoplasm ◽  
Painless Jaundice ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Work Up

We report a carcinosarcoma of the pancreas in a 67-year-old woman who presented with nausea, vomiting, and painless jaundice. A work-up demonstrated a well-circumscribed mass in the head of the pancreas. After pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, the tumor was found to be grossly yellow, and it compressed the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Histological examination of the neoplasm showed a 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.0-cm mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomatous stroma invading into the duodenum. There was no evidence of nodal metastasis (pT3N0M0). Immunohistochemical studies showed that the epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin monoclonal antibody 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, M-carcinoembryonic antigen, and low-molecular-weight kininogen, and the sarcomatous component was immunoreactive with vimentin. The patient had an uneventful recovery, but died 4 months later of rapidly progressive metastatic disease to the liver and peritoneum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of carcinosarcoma with invasive epithelial and sarcomatous areas in the background of a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

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