scholarly journals An investigation of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with energies above 1019 eV via the study of extensive air showers

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Doostmohammadi ◽  
S.J. Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Size Dependence ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size

The electron and muon components of extensive air shower (EAS) with energies above 1019 eV are analyzed via various giant EAS arrays. A varying property of showers is observed for two energy ranges; higher and lower than (3 ? 4) x 1019 eV. The age parameter, zenith angle, shower size dependence on muon size and shower size dependence on primary energy show an increment of mass composition (MC) above (3?4)x 1019eV. Comparison of the observed EAS results with the simulations of Capdevielle et al. (2000) and Shinozaki et al. (2005) gives at most 20% photon fraction for primary energies above 1019 eV. The arrival directions of showers above 4x1019 eV indicate an increasing concentration towards the super galactic plane.

Estimation of mass composition of high energy cosmic rays via modeling a relation between lateral distribution parameters and shower age

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 1750161
Author(s):  
Saeed Doostmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Distribution Parameters

Lateral distribution function of extensive air showers of energetic cosmic rays, indicate how secondary particles spread over a surface detectors. There are many different universal formulas between lateral distribution parameters and shower age parameter which can be used to infer about maximum development of extensive air shower (which is a key parameter to estimate the mass composition of primary cosmic rays). At present work, an estimated percent of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is investigated by comparison between Ivanov et al. modeling of simulated data, which has been done by CoRSiKa, and Yakutsk experimental data.

scholarly journals Methods to measure the cosmic-ray composition with the Auger Engineering Radio Array

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Canfora
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Number Of Particles

The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays plays a key role in the understanding of the origins ofthese rare particles. A composition-sensitive observable is the atmospheric depth at which the air shower reaches the maximum number of particles (Xmax). The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) detects the radio emission inthe 30-80 MHz frequency band from extensive air showers with energies larger than 1017 eV. It consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations covering an area of about 17 km2. From the distribution of signals measured by the antennas, it is possible to estimate Xmax. In this contribution three independent methods for the estimation of Xmax will be presented.

The Kolar Gold Fields extensive air shower experiment

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S13-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chatterjee ◽  
G. T. Murthy ◽  
S. Naranan ◽  
K. Sivaprasad ◽  
B. V. Sreekantan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Size Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size

Measurements have been made on high-energy muons (>220 GeV and >640 GeV) in extensive air showers in the size range 105–107 particles. Results on the energy spectrum, lateral spread (for Eμ > 220 GeV), and the dependence of the total number of muons on the shower size are given. The relation between the number of muons (Nμ) and the shower size (N) can be expressed as[Formula: see text]Assuming an exponential lateral distribution of high-energy muons, the average lateral spread of muons of energy >220 GeV has been found to be ~40 m.The results are compared with the predictions of the calculations done by Murthy et al. (1967).

scholarly journals DETECTION OF A CHANGE OF SLOPE IN THE SPECTRUM OF HEAVY MASS COSMIC RAYS PRIMARIES BY THE KASCADE-GRANDE EXPERIMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
A. Chiavassa ◽  
W. D. Apel ◽  
J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez ◽  
K. Bekk ◽  
M. Bertaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interaction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Shower Size

KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays in the 1016 ÷ 1018 eV energy range. The array is composed by different detectors allowing independent measurements of the number of muons (Nμ) and charged particles (Nch) of extensive air showers (EAS). These two observables are then used to study the primary energy spectrum, separating the events in two samples, on the basis of the shower size ratio, corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere, lnNμ/ lnNch. The two samples represent the light and heavy mass groups of the primaries. In the studied energy range only the spectrum of heavy primaries shows a significant change of slope, the energy (estimated using the QGSJET II hadronic interaction model) of this feature is in agreeement with the expectations of a rigidity dependent knee feature.

scholarly journals Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction using the timing information from the RF-system of the Astroneu array

2021 ◽  
Vol 2105 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
S Nonis ◽  
A Leisos ◽  
A Tsirigotis ◽  
G Bourlis ◽  
K Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Particle Detectors ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Timing Information ◽  
Rf Antennas ◽  
Rf Antenna

Abstract The Astroneu cosmic ray telescope is a distributed hybrid array consisting of both scintillator counters and RF antenna detectors used for the detection of extensive air showers (EAS). The array is deployed at the Hellenic Open University campus, on the outskirts of the urban area of Patras in Greece. In the present development phase, the Astroneu telescope includes two stations consisting of 3 scintillation detectors modules (SDM) and one RF antenna while a third station includes 3 particle detectors and 4 RF antennas (3SDM-4RF). In each station, the RF-detectors are operating receiving a common trigger upon a 3-fold coincidence between the particle detectors of the station. In this study we present recent results from the 3SDM-4RF autonomous station related to the estimation of the direction of the incoming cosmic air shower using only the timing information from the 4 RF detectors. The directions of the reconstructed showers using the RF timing are in agreement with the corresponding results using the SDMs timing as well as with the simulation predictions. This verifies that the RF signal emitted from EAS originating form Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), can be detected even in areas with strong electromagnetic background.

scholarly journals Determination of the invisible energy of extensive air showers from the data collected at Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Analisa G. Mariazzi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Muon Production ◽  
The Invisible

In order to get the primary energy of cosmic rays from their extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique, the invisible energy should be added to the measured calorimetric energy. The invisible energy is the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. It has traditionally been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations that are dependent on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work the invisible energy is obtained directly from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method applied is based on the correlation of the measurements of the muon number at the ground with the invisible energy of the showers. By using it, the systematic uncertainties related to the unknown mass composition and to the high energy hadronic interaction models are significantly reduced, improving in this way the estimation of the energy scale of the Observatory.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aab ◽  
◽  
P. Abreu ◽  
M. Aglietta ◽  
J. M. Albury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Attenuation Corrected

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

RECONSTRUCTION OF TOTAL MUON NUMBER IN KASCADE-GRANDE

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6855-6857
Author(s):  
◽  
J. VAN BUREN ◽  
T. ANTONI ◽  
W. D. APEL ◽  
F. BADEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Muon Component ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
First Results ◽  
Charged Component

The KASCADE-Grande experiment extends the existing extensive air shower experiment KASCADE by an array of 37 detector stations spread over an area of 0.5 km2. The new Grande array measures the charged component of the showers. To reconstruct the mass composition of the cosmic rays, additional information from the muon component of air showers is required. Using observables from the new Grande array together with the muon detectors of the original KASCADE array provides a possibility to reconstruct also the total muon number of each air shower. The quality of reconstruction based on comparison with simulated data, as well as first results of a reconstructed muon size spectrum are presented.

scholarly journals CODALEMA: A COSMIC RAY AIR SHOWER RADIO DETECTION EXPERIMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ARDOUIN ◽  
A. BELLETOILE ◽  
D. CHARRIER ◽  
R. DALLIER ◽  
L. DENIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Radio Detection

The CODALEMA experimental device currently detects and characterizes the radio contribution of cosmic ray air showers : arrival directions and electric field topologies of radio transient signals associated to cosmic rays are extracted from the antenna signals. The measured rate, about 1 event per day, corresponds to an energy threshold around 5.1016eV. These results allow to determine the perspectives offered by the present experimental design for radiodetection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at a larger scale.

scholarly journals SEARCH AND STUDY OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EVENTS WITH THE TUS SPACE EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Maria Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Arrival Direction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Selection

The TUS experiment is aimed to study the energy spectrum and arrival direction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at E ~ 100 EeV from the space orbit by measuring the fluorescence yield of the Extensive Atmospheric Shower in the atmosphere. It is the first orbital telescope designed for such measurements and is taking data since May 19, 2016. The TUS apparatus structure, methods of UHECR on-line selection and off-line data analysis are described. A few UHECR EAS candidates have been found. Preliminary results of their studying are presented.

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