scholarly journals Simultaneous effects of inflectional paradigms and classes in processing of Serbian verbs

Psihologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Filipovic-Djurdjevic ◽  
Isidora Gataric
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Relative Entropy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Input Cues ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
The Given ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms ◽  
Basic Learning

In this paper we show that the processing of inflected verb forms is simultaneously influenced by the distributional properties of their inflectional paradigm (all the inflected forms of the given verb) and also by their inflectional class (all the verbs that conjugate in the same manner). Thus, we generalize a finding that was previously observed with nouns. We demonstrate that a divergence of the frequency distribution within inflectional paradigm from the frequency distribution within inflectional class (operationalized as Relative entropy between the two frequency distributions) is detrimental to processing. We present the results of a visual lexical decision experiment and the results of a simulation that was ran in the Naive Discriminative Reader, a simple computational model based on basic learning principles. We show that Relative entropy between an inflectional paradigm and an inflectional class predicts both empirically observed and simulated processing latencies. By doing so, we add to the body of research that investigates processing effects of information theory based descriptions of language. We also demonstrate that the effect of Relative entropy on the processing of morphology can arise as a consequence of the principles of discriminative learning in a system that maps input cues to outcomes, with no specification of morphology per se.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

Using Tolerance-Maps to Generate Frequency Distributions of Clearance and Allocate Tolerances for Pin-Hole Assemblies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Ameta ◽  
Joseph K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Representation ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
Case Basis

A new mathematical model for representing the geometric variations of lines is extended to include probabilistic representations of one-dimensional (1D) clearance, which arise from positional variations of the axis of a hole, the size of the hole, and a pin-hole assembly. The model is compatible with the ASME/ ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map (T-Map) (Patent No. 69638242), a hypothetical volume of points that models the 3D variations in location and orientation for a segment of a line (the axis), which can arise from tolerances on size, position, orientation, and form. Here, it is extended to model the increases in yield that occur when maximum material condition (MMC) is specified and when tolerances are assigned statistically rather than on a worst-case basis; the statistical method includes the specification of both size and position tolerances on a feature. The frequency distribution of 1D clearance is decomposed into manufacturing bias, i.e., toward certain regions of a Tolerance-Map, and into a geometric bias that can be computed from the geometry of multidimensional T-Maps. Although the probabilistic representation in this paper is built from geometric bias, and it is presumed that manufacturing bias is uniform, the method is robust enough to include manufacturing bias in the future. Geometric bias alone shows a greater likelihood of small clearances than large clearances between an assembled pin and hole. A comparison is made between the effects of choosing the optional material condition MMC and not choosing it with the tolerances that determine the allowable variations in position.

Bias in Using an Age–Length Key to Estimate Age-Frequency Distributions

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Westrheim ◽  
W. E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Key Words Age ◽  
Age Frequency Distribution

Consider two representative samples of fish taken in different years from the same fish population, this being a population in which year-class strength varies. For the "parental" sample the length and age of the fish are determined and are used to construct an "age–length key," the fractions of the fish in each (short) length interval that are of each age. For the "filial" sample only the length is measured, and the parental age–length key is used to compute the corresponding age distribution. Trials show that the age–length key will reproduce the age-frequency distribution of the filial sample without systematic bias only if there is no overlap in length between successive ages. Where there is much overlap, the age–length key will compute from the filial length-frequency distribution approximately the parental age distribution. Additional bias arises if the rate of growth if a year-class is affected by its abundance, or if the survival rate in the population changes. The length of the fish present in any given part of a population's range can vary with environmental factors such as depth of the water; nevertheless, a sample taken in any part of that range can be used to compute age from the length distribution of a sample taken at the same time in any other part of the range, without systematic bias. But this of course is not likely to be true of samples taken from different populations of the species. Key words: age–length key, bias, Pacific ocean perch, Sebastes alutus

Frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in human populations and its relationships with age and sex

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Das ◽  
A. Manoharan ◽  
A. Srividya ◽  
B. T. Grenfell ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThis paper examines the effects of host age and sex on the frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in the human host. Microfilarial counts from a large data base on the epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India are analysed. Frequency distributions of microfilarial counts divided by age are successfully described by zero-truncated negative binomial distributions, fitted by maximum likelihood. Parameter estimates from the fits indicate a significant trend of decreasing overdispersion with age in the distributions above age 10; this pattern provides indirect evidence for the operation of density-dependent constraints on microfilarial intensity. The analysis also provides estimates of the proportion of mf-positive individuals who are identified as negative due to sampling errors (around 5% of the total negatives). This allows the construction of corrected mf age–prevalence curves, which indicate that the observed prevalence may underestimate the true figures by between 25% and 100%. The age distribution of mf-negative individuals in the population is discussed in terms of current hypotheses about the interaction between disease and infection.

Frequency distribution of space groups in soluble and membrane proteins and their complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Rajneesh K. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Group Frequency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Three Space

The space-group frequency distributions for two types of proteins and their complexes are explored. Based on the incremental availability of data in the Protein Data Bank, an analytical assessment shows a preferential distribution of three space groups, i.e. P212121 > P1211 > C121, in soluble and membrane proteins as well as in their complexes. In membrane proteins, the order of the three space groups is P212121 > C121 > P1211. The distribution of these space groups also shows the same pattern whether a protein crystallizes with a monomer or an oligomer in the asymmetric unit. The results also indicate that the sizes of the two entities in the structures of soluble proteins crystallized as complexes do not influence the frequency distribution of space groups. In general, it can be concluded that the space-group frequency distribution is homogenous across different types of proteins and their complexes.

The Solution of Boundary Value Problems of Various Types with Consideration of Volume Forces for Anisotropic Bodies of Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
D.A. Ivanychev ◽  
E.Yu. Levina
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Equilibrium ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bodies Of Revolution ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
Elastic Fields ◽  
Boundary State ◽  
Boundary States ◽  
Anisotropic Bodies ◽  
The Given

In this work, we studied the axisymmetric elastic equilibrium of transversely isotropic bodies of revolution, which are simultaneously under the influence of surface and volume forces. The construction of the stress-strain state is carried out by means of the boundary state method. The method is based on the concepts of internal and boundary states conjugated by an isomorphism. The bases of state spaces are formed, orthonormalized, and the desired state is expanded in a series of elements of the orthonormal basis. The Fourier coefficients, which are quadratures, are calculated. In this work, we propose a method for forming bases of spaces of internal and boundary states, assigning a scalar product and forming a system of equations that allows one to determine the elastic state of anisotropic bodies. The peculiarity of the solution is that the obtained stresses simultaneously satisfy the conditions both on the boundary of the body and inside the region (volume forces), and they are not a simple superposition of elastic fields. Methods are presented for solving the first and second main problems of mechanics, the contact problem without friction and the main mixed problem of the elasticity theory for transversely isotropic finite solids of revolution that are simultaneously under the influence of volume forces. The given forces are distributed axisymmetrically with respect to the geometric axis of rotation. The solution of the first main problem for a non-canonical body of revolution is given, an analysis of accuracy is carried out and a graphic illustration of the result is given

scholarly journals Regional parent flood frequency distributions in Europe – Part 1: Is the GEV model suitable as a pan-European parent?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4381-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Salinas ◽  
A. Castellarin ◽  
A. Viglione ◽  
S. Kohnová ◽  
T. R. Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Generalized Extreme Value ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

Abstract. This study addresses the question of the existence of a parent flood frequency distribution on a European scale. A new database of L-moment ratios of flood annual maximum series (AMS) from 4105 catchments was compiled by joining 13 national data sets. Simple exploration of the database presents the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution as a potential pan-European flood frequency distribution, being the three-parameter statistical model that with the closest resemblance to the estimated average of the sample L-moment ratios. Additional Monte Carlo simulations show that the variability in terms of sample skewness and kurtosis present in the data is larger than in a hypothetical scenario where all the samples were drawn from a GEV model. Overall, the generalized extreme value distribution fails to represent the kurtosis dispersion, especially for the longer sample lengths and medium to high skewness values, and therefore may be rejected in a statistical hypothesis testing framework as a single pan-European parent distribution for annual flood maxima. The results presented in this paper suggest that one single statistical model may not be able to fit the entire variety of flood processes present at a European scale, and presents an opportunity to further investigate the catchment and climatic factors controlling European flood regimes and their effects on the underlying flood frequency distributions.

Body Temperature of the Camel and Its Relation to Water Economy

1956 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
S. A. Jarnum ◽  
T. R. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Given

The rectal temperature of normal healthy camels at rest may vary from about 34°C to more than 40°C. Diurnal variations in the winter are usually in the order of 2°C. In summer the diurnal variations in the camel deprived of drinking water may exceed 6°C, but in animals with free access to water the variations are similar to those found in the winter. The variations in temperature are of great significance in water conservation in two ways. a) The increase in body temperature means that heat is stored in the body instead of being dissipated by evaporation of water. At night the excess heat can be given off without expenditure of water. b) The high body temperature means that heat gain from the hot environment is reduced because the temperature gradient is reduced. The effect of the increased body temperature on heat gain from the environment has been calculated from data on water expenditure. These calculations show that under the given conditions the variations in body temperature effect a considerable economy of water expenditure. The evaporative heat regulation in the camel seems to rest exclusively on evaporation from the skin surface (sweating), and there is no apparent increase in respiratory rate or panting connected with heat regulation. The evaporation from isolated skin areas increases linearly with increased heat load. The critical temperature at which the increase sets in is around 35°C. The fur of the camel is an efficient barrier against heat gain from the environment. Water expenditure is increased in camels that have been shorn.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography in diagnosis of sexual development delay of girls and teenagers having diabetes mellitus of the 1st type

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
N. M. Kondratyeva ◽  
V. D. Zavadovskaya ◽  
E. B. Kravets ◽  
E. V. Gorbatenko ◽  
L. S. Strelis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultrasound Studies ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Development Delay ◽  
The Given ◽  
Ultrasound Classification

Girls-teenagers (n = 85) aged from 8 to 18 years having diabetes mellitus (DM) of the 1st type were investigated using ultrasonography method. Based upon decreasing and disproportion of the body and neck of the uterus, changed Mecho thickness and ovaries structure, different parameter of blood flow, we worked out classification of the four stages of sexual development delay (SDD) (0 stage in 15 girls, I stage in 26 girls, II stage in 20 girls and III stage in 21 girls). Comparative analysis of clinical and ultrasound studies showed the advantage of ultrasound study to assess status of internal genital organs in girls and teenagers having DM. Investigation performed based upon E. Tanner classification revealed SDD 40 girls, bimanual examination in 45 girls, sonography method — in 82 girls. The given ultrasound classification of sexual development delay in girls-teenagers having DM of the 1st type contributes to diagnosis and prescribing timely effective correction therapy.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes and influencing factors on patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Abolhasan Halvani ◽  
Mohammadhesam Gharaei Khezri ◽  
Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases, especially in countries such as Iran. The course of treatment and the number of drugs used vary depending on the severity of the disease and the parts of the body involved. The resistant tuberculosis to treatment has increased in recent years. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency distribution of response to treatment of patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated all patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan city who had referred to health centers during the years 2011-2019. The data collection tool was a pre-prepared checklist that included information on age, sex, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, diabetes, patients' nationality, drug side effects, and response to treatment. Finally, data was entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed. Results: In this study, the overall response rate was 83% and the mortality rate was 10%. Between the frequency distribution of response to treatment in terms of gender, age, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, patients' nationality and diabetes was not statistically significant difference. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the frequency distribution of pulmonary TB treatment response in terms of drug allergy, drug hepatitis and other drug side effects. Conclusion: According to results, can be concluded that none of the variables: age, sex, smear and culture result, and history of diabetes have no an effect on response to treatment and mortality of tuberculosis.

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