scholarly journals Personality-related determinants of criminal recidivism

Psihologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Medjedovic ◽  
Daliborka Kujacic ◽  
Goran Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Broad Dimension ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies

The goal of this study was to explore personality-related determinants of recidivism, with recidivism being defined as a) the number of lawful sentences a person had (criminal legal recidivism), and b) the number of prison sentences pronounced (penal recidivism). The study was carried out in two independent samples: a) convicts from the Correctional Institution of Belgrade - Penitentiary of Padinska Skela (N=113), and b) convicts from the Special Prison Hospital in Belgrade (N =112). The variables of the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) were measured, together with two additional basic personality traits: Disintegration (a broad dimension of psychosis-proneness), and Amorality (three factors representing a disposition to amoral forms of behavior). In addition, psychopathy (Manipulative and Antisocial tendencies) - a psychological entity expected to most successfully predict criminal recidivism - was measured as well. The efficiency of prediction of the two criteria of recidivism was assessed separately in each of those two samples. The results revealed differences in the orchestration of predictors depending on the kind of recidivism as the criterion and the severity of offense. The most important predictors of both forms of recidivism in the sample of convicts with lower intensity of criminal behavior were psychopathic traits. However, in the sample of convicts with higher intensity and variety of criminal behavior, the most important predictors of the number of sentences were Antisociality and Amorality Induced by Frustration, while the most important predictors of the number of prison sanctions were Amorality Induced by Brutality and Disintegration.

scholarly journals The Healthy Personality from a Basic Trait Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Robert A. Ackerman ◽  
Edward A. Witt ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Expert Rating ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Healthy Personality

We adopted an expert-rating approach to generate a consensus Five Factor Model (FFM) profile of the psychologically healthy person. In addition, we collected ratings from scholars with expertise in positive psychology and two samples of undergraduate psychology students to examine the agreement within and between different groups of raters. We then examined the reliability, heritability, rank-order stability, external validity, and normativeness of this expert-generated FFM profile of the healthy personality using data from seven different samples (N > 3,000). To do this, we computed a healthy FFM score for each participant by using intraclass q-correlation to match individual FFM profiles to the healthy personality prototype. Through these analyses, we aim to provide an initial but nonetheless comprehensive description of the nature and correlates of the healthy personality from a contemporary basic trait perspective.

Psychopathic Personality Traits, Genetic Risk, and Gene-Environment Correlations

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 896-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
J.C. Barnes ◽  
Joshua S. May ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

There is a great deal of evidence indicating that psychopathy and psychopathic traits represent some of the strongest correlates to serious violent criminal behavior. As a result, there has been a recent surge of behavioral genetic studies examining the genetic and environmental factors that may be related to the development of psychopathy. The current study extends this line of research by analyzing a sample of kinship pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to estimate the extent to which genetic factors relate to measures of psychopathic personality traits created from the five factor model. Moreover, the authors also test for a series of gene—environment correlations between genetic risk for psychopathic personality traits and measures of parental negativity. The results of the analyses revealed that genetic factors explained between .37 and .44 of the variance in measures of psychopathy. Additional statistical models indicated the presence of gene—environment correlations between parental negativity and genetic risk for psychopathic personality traits.

Influence of Brand Personality-Marker Attributes on Purchasing Intention: The Role of Emotionality

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Guido ◽  
Alessandro M. Peluso ◽  
Mariarosaria Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Developing Strategies

Marketing researchers employ the Five-Factor Model to describe branded products using attributes of human personality. “Marker attributes” used to elicit these brand personality attributes may be related to consumers' intention to purchase. Two connected studies, carried out on two samples of 91 and 557 participants, respectively, indicated that brand personality-marker attributes predict intention to purchase, but only to the extent that such attributes are “vivid” and, in particular, when they elicit emotional responses (i.e., when they are emotionally interesting). These findings have several implications for people involved in developing strategies for advertising.

Resolving a scientific embarrassment: A comment on the articles in this special issue

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Specific Attribute ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Broad Dimension

The controversy concerning the two dominant interpretations of Factor V reflects a confusion in the scientific literature between two different five‐factor models, each proposed for a different purpose. In the ‘Five‐Factor Model’ of genotypic personality dispositions, the fifth factor is interpreted as a broad dimension of Openness to Experience. On the other hand, in the ‘Big‐Five’ model of phenotypic personality‐trait descriptors, Factor V is best labeled as Intellect or Imagination, and Openness is viewed as a narrower and more specific attribute at a lower level in the hierarchy of lexicalized personality characteristics. As future investigators begin to differentiate more clearly between the two purposes of these models, their differential use of the two labels should serve to signal their scientific intents.

Question Wording Effects in the Assessment of Global Self-Esteem

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dunbar ◽  
Graeme Ford ◽  
Kate Hunt ◽  
Geoff Der
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Positive Item ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Best Fit

Summary: Marsh (1996) produced evidence that method effects associated with negatively worded items might be responsible for the results of earlier factor analytic studies that reported finding positive and negative self-esteem factors in the Rosenberg Global self-esteem scale ( Rosenberg, 1965 ). He analyzed data collected from children using a 7-item self-esteem measure. This report details attempts to replicate Marsh 's analysis in data collected from two samples of adults who completed the full 10-item Global Self-Esteem (GSE) scale. The results reported here are similar to those given by Marsh in so much as a correlated uniquenesses model produced a superior fit to the data than the simple one factor model (without correlated uniquenesses) or the often reported two factor (positive and negative self-esteem) model. However, whilst Marsh reported that the best fit was produced by allowing negative item uniquenesses to correlate with each other, the model that produced the best fit to these data was one that contained correlated positive item uniquenesses. Supporting his claim that differential responding to negative and positive self-esteem items reflects a method effect associated with reading ability, Marsh also showed that factors associated with negative and positive items were most distinct among children who had poor reading scores. We report a similar effect among a sample of older adults where the correlation between these factors was compared across two groups who were selected according to their scores on a test of verbal reasoning.

Social Desirability in Personality Inventories

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bäckström ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Variables

The difference between evaluatively loaded and evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory items was used to create new variables, one for each factor in the five-factor model. Study 1 showed that these variables can be represented in terms of a general evaluative factor which is related to social desirability measures and indicated that the factor may equally well be represented as separate from the Big Five as superordinate to them. Study 2 revealed an evaluative factor in self-ratings and peer ratings of the Big Five, but the evaluative factor in self-reports did not correlate with such a factor in ratings by peers. In Study 3 the evaluative factor contributed above the Big Five in predicting work performance, indicating a substance component. The results are discussed in relation to measurement issues and self-serving biases.

Construction and Validation of a Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF)

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Luigi Leone
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Personality Dimensions

The aim of this contribution is to present a new short adjective-based measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, the Short Adjectives Checklist of BIg Five (SACBIF). We present the various steps of the construction and the validation of this instrument. First, 50 adjectives were selected with a selection procedure, the “Lining Up Technique” (LUT), specifically used to identify the best factorial markers of the FFM. Then, the factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the SACBIF were investigated. Finally, the SACBIF factorial structure was correlated with some main measures of the FFM to establish its construct validity and with some other personality dimensions to investigate how well these dimensions could be represented in the SACBIF factorial space.

Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Newman ◽  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
James W. Varni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Related Quality

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.

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