scholarly journals Construction and behavioral validation of superstition scale

Psihologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Zezelj ◽  
Masa Pavlovic ◽  
Marko Vladisavljevic ◽  
Branislava Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Computer Laboratory ◽  
Superstitious Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Behavioral Validation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
E Mail

The main goal of this study was to create an instrument for assessing tendency towards superstition-related beliefs and behavior and validate it in real life situations. Superstition was considered and analyzed as an attitude toward specific objects of the superstition. In the first part of the study, a sample of superstitious beliefs and behaviors was collected, after which the former list was reduced to 44 descriptions, based on the average familiarity. A preliminary version of the instrument was administered to 266 participants. The factor analysis suggested a presence of one main factor and three highly correlated sub-factors. In the last part of the study, in order to validate the instrument through behavioral variables, the final version of the instrument was administered to a different sample and subjects were put in two situations that challenged their potential superstitious behavior (passing below or going around a ladder in a computer laboratory; forward a chain e-mail for good luck). Group of participants that exhibited at least one superstitious behavior and the group of participants that did not, differed significantly in the average superstition score.

THE POWER OF LANGUAGE AND THE LANGUAGE OF POWER

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Khalilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Language Instruction ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
The People ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
A Chain ◽  
And Behavior

A language cannot be a simple template of human activity; a language is the history and culture of the people, their long and thorny road to civilization. The informative nature of a discourse will be insignificant if we only take into consideration the visible data of the text. The single viable way to carry out research on the mentality and behavior of the representatives of different cultures is to dig into the implication and the conceptual framework of the discourse. The author’s idea might be interpreted according to the background knowledge of the reader. Such an approach turns the text into a conglomerate of sense messages that reveal the power of the language and its inextricable link to the history, culture and civilization of the nation whose language the students learn. This notional “intervention” is akin to a chain reaction and the language develops into a means of power over a human being. The conceptual approach to a foreign language material helps improve students’ cognitive and analytical skills, turns the educational process into a particular type of an innovative environment, leads to motivation increase in a foreign language instruction.

Structure and behavior of white pelican formation flocks

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brian E. O'Malley ◽  
Roger M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Formation Flight ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Behavior

Observations of white pelicans commuting between nesting colonies and foraging areas revealed transitions from small, simple linear flock formations to larger, more complex vee and jay formations during departures, and the reverse during the return approach. Large, less-organized types of formations were relatively uncommon and short lived.Formation angles measured for filmed flocks ranged from 24° to 122° and were highly correlated with mean relative interbird distances within flocks. The number of wingbeats per hour, calculated from wingbeat frequency (beats per minute) and percent time flapping, was lowest in vee formation, progressively greater in jay, echelon, and column formation, and greatest for single birds. Wingbeats per hour decreased behind the lead bird, which usually had the highest rate, within each type of formation.Shifts between flapping and gliding were usually initiated by lead birds. Response times for these shifts were negatively related to flock size, and were shorter in vee and jay formations than in column and echelon formations.Our data suggests formation flight provides both aerodynamic–energetic and communication advantages over solitary flight.

Interpersonal judgments, embodied reasoning, and juridical legitimacy

2018 ◽  
pp. 862-874
Author(s):  
Somogy Varga
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Negligible Influence

A particular branch of the embodied cognition (EC) research program explicates abstract concepts and metaphors as grounded in particular domains of bodily experience. This chapter explores conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and some recent behavioral and neuroscientific research that appears to offer some support for it. While this research indicates that bodily states exert non-negligible influence on cognition and behavior, the influences appear to occur in a way that is insensitive to reflectively endorsed norms. Assuming that the experimental findings extend to real-life situations, the findings raise a number of questions. The chapter offers reflections on particular questions and concerns in the legal realm and explores whether the findings present potential challenges to juridical legitimacy.

scholarly journals Prediction Under Uncertainty: Dissociating Sensory from Cognitive Expectations in Highly Uncertain Musical Contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Mencke ◽  
David Ricardo Quiroga-Martinez ◽  
Diana Omigie ◽  
Franz Schwarzacher ◽  
Niels T Haumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Predictive Processes ◽  
Musical Context ◽  
High Uncertainty

Predictive models in the brain rely on the continuous extraction of regularities from the environment. These models are thought to be updated by novel information, as reflected in prediction error responses such as the mismatch negativity (MMN). However, although in real life individuals often face situations in which uncertainty prevails, it remains unclear whether and how predictive models emerge in high-uncertainty contexts. Recent research suggests that uncertainty affects the magnitude of MMN responses in the context of music listening. However, musical predictions are typically studied with MMN stimulation paradigms based on Western tonal music, which are characterized by relatively high predictability. Hence, we developed an MMN paradigm to investigate how the high uncertainty of atonal music modulates predictive processes as indexed by the MMN and behavior. Using MEG in a group of 20 subjects without musical training, we demonstrate that the magnetic MMN in response to pitch, intensity, timbre, and location deviants is evoked in both tonal and atonal melodies, with no significant differences between conditions. In contrast, in a separate behavioral experiment involving 39 non-musicians, participants detected pitch deviants more accurately and rated confidence higher in the tonal than in the atonal musical context. These results indicate that contextual tonal uncertainty modulates processing stages in which conscious awareness is involved, although deviants robustly elicit low-level pre-attentive responses such as the MMN. The achievement of robust MMN responses, despite high tonal uncertainty, is relevant for future studies comparing groups of listeners' MMN responses to increasingly ecological music stimuli.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SEBAGAI UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN REVOLUSI MENTAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muawanah
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Moral Feeling ◽  
Ending Process ◽  
And Behavior

Mental revolution starts from the education. Education is very important, as the strategic role of educations is to form children's mental nation. Development of culture and national character is realized through the area of education. Character development education is a continuous process and never ends (never ending process). As long as a nation exist, a character education must be an integral part of education over the generations. Implementation of character education should not be linked to the budget. It takes commitment and integrity of the stakeholders in the education sector to seriously implement the values of life in every lesson. Character education does not just teach what is right and what is wrong, but also inculcate the habit (habituation) of which one is a good thing. By doing so, students become acquainted (cognitive) about which one is good and bad, able to feel (affective) good value (loving the good/moral feeling), and behavior (moral action), and used to do (psychomotor). Thus, character education is closely related to the habit (custom) practiced and performed. Children do not need a curriculum, but a real life that support them. They learn from real life. What happens now, a lot of value or an existing teachings that are obscured, covered up with a lie that is packaged in an iconic form of advertising that is actually misleading.

scholarly journals How Law Student Prepare Their Life to Survive?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Aprila Niravita ◽  
Benny Sumardiana ◽  
Bayangsari Wedhatami ◽  
Syukron Salam ◽  
Ubaidillah Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Law Students ◽  
State University ◽  
Student Activists ◽  
The People ◽  
Law Student ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Short Time

Character education is an important element in the effort to prepare superior Indonesian human resources, it is of particular concern to be applied especially among students, there is a need for character education because the attitudes and behavior of the people and people of Indonesia now tend to ignore the noble values ​​of Pancasila which are highly respected and should be rooted in everyday attitudes and behaviors, values ​​such as honesty, politeness, togetherness and religious, gradually eroded by foreign cultures that tend to be hedonistic, materialistic, and individualistic, so that the noble character values ​​are ignored in the future if students and young people are not equipped with character education. Law students have their own challenges, especially in the era of globalization. This paper analyzes and illustrates the character strengthening program for law student activists in Semarang State University through several programs, namely public speaking, strengthening student idealism, strengthening advocacy capacitation and human rights assistance and self-motivation. This research is a field research with the object of research as activists of law students who are members of student organizations. This research confirms that the programs for strengthening the character of students experience several obstacles, one of which is the model used and a relatively short time. However, character education for student activists helps students to survive in real life as part of community members.

scholarly journals Storytelling as a Polifunctional Instrument of Modern Communication: Linguistic and Stylistic Features

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Olga Pyatetska
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Commercial Advertising ◽  
High Level ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
And Behavior

The article analyzes media instrument of modern communication, i.e. storytelling, which is widely used for commercial, advertising and corporate purposes to influence recipient's emotions, cognition and motivations. At the same time, storytelling based on real life facts is one of the most effective learning techniques that promotes linguistic competence and enables various communication tasks to be solved. Analysis of storytelling showed that it gained particular relevance due to the principles of submission the information in implicit form, unobtrusively influencing the audience, gaining its trust and loyalty, resulting in the recipients make their own decisions and draw appropriate conclusions. It is established that to reach a high level of influence on the target audience, a story must be true, emotional, relevant and new, contain an idea, a bright character or image, have a dynamic plot, often with a surprise effect, logical conclusion, intrigue till the end and (for electronic versions)be accompanied by quality content. Despite defined algorithms for story-building and typical content structures of its plot, there is a tendency to create storytelling outside the box. The main principle that determines the theme, ideas, specifics of language organization of stories is adaptation to the target audience. Separate analysis of direct-acting storytelling which has recently spread in social networks is given. Its purpose is to draw the reader's attention to current problems, influence the recipient's emotions and behavior with the help of verbal and non-verbal means. An example of such storytelling in Ukraine is the Ukraїner Media Project which helped to represent our country in a new way and realize the dreams of many ordinary citizens. The studying of different stories showed that storytelling uses such linguistic and stylistic means as emotionally coloured vocabulary which is typical for literary, mass media and colloquial functional styles, foreign words, jargon, slang expressions, phraseologisms, metaphors, personifications, rhetoric constructions etc. As for parts of speech, verbs are more frequently used because they intensify and dynamize the narrative.

Retreatment with Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation in Knee Osteoarthritis: Agreement between EUROVISCO Guidelines and Current Medical Practice

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110538
Author(s):  
Yves Henrotin ◽  
Cedric Tits ◽  
Jérôme Paul ◽  
Pierre Gramme ◽  
Thibault Helleputte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
E Mail

Objectives This work studied if and how current clinical practice agrees with European Viscosupplementation Consensus Group (EUROVISCO) recommendations and how this agreement might be different according to physician’s specialization. In addition, this work aimed to identify key decision factors that practitioners consider in their decision to retreat or not a patient with hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation. Methods Practitioners have been invited by e-mail to participate in an online exercise on viscosupplementation retreatment. They received a fictional patient case at random among a set of predefined fictional cases. The platform asked the practitioner if he/she would retreat the patient with viscosupplementation or not. To take a decision, the practitioner could select questions among a list of predefined questions. Among them, some were related to criteria used in the EUROVISCO decision tree and others served as confounding factors. Results A total of 506 practitioners participated to the exercise, of which 399 gave their decision about the case assigned to them by the platform. The observed agreement between practitioner decisions and EUROVISCO recommendations was 58.89 ± 4.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]). Overall, the decision to retreat was taken in 47.87% of the cases, while the EUROVISCO guidelines follow-up would have led to 55.89% retreatment for the same cases ( P = 0.03). Conclusions In current practice, physicians tended to reinject their patients less than recommended, although EUROVISCO guidelines for viscosupplementation retreatment consider decision criteria that clearly correspond to those of practitioners in real life. These include the patients’ willingness to be treated or the patients’ perception of the effectiveness of the treatment.

scholarly journals Model Based Approach to Cyber–Physical Systems Status Monitoring

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Alexander Vodyaho ◽  
Saddam Abbas ◽  
Nataly Zhukova ◽  
Michael Chervoncev
Keyword(s):  
Process Mining ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Behavior

The distinctive feature of new generation information systems is not only their complexity in terms of number of elements, number of connections and hierarchy levels, but also their constantly changing structure and behavior. In this situation the problem of receiving actual information about the observed complex Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) current status becomes a rather difficult task. This information is needed by stakeholders for solving tasks concerning keeping the system operational, improving its efficiency, ensuring security, etc. Known approaches to solving the problem of the complex distributed CPS actual status definition are not enough effective. The authors propose a model based approach to solving the task of monitoring the status of complex CPS. There are a number of known model based approaches to complex distributed CPS monitoring, but their main difference in comparison with the suggested one is that known approaches by the most part use static models which are to be build manually by experts. It takes a lot of human efforts and often results in errors. Our idea is that automata models of structure and behavior of the observed system are used and both of these models are built and kept in actual state in automatic mode on the basis of log file information. The proposed approach is based, on one hand, on the results of the authors researches in the field of automatic synthesis of multi-level automata models of observed systems and, on the other hand, on well known algorithms of process mining. In the paper typical monitoring tasks are described and generalized algorithms for solving them using the proposed system of models are presented. An example of real life systems based on the suggested approach is given. The approach can be recommended to use for building CPS of medium and high complexity, characterized by high structural dynamics and cognitive behavior.

scholarly journals GPS mobility as a digital biomarker of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Jesse Bashem ◽  
Raeanne C. Moore ◽  
Jason L. Holden ◽  
Tanya Mikhael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Mobility is an important correlate of physical, cognitive, and mental health in chronic illness, and can be measured passively with mobile phone global positional satellite (GPS) sensors. To date, GPS data have been reported in a few studies of schizophrenia, yet it is unclear whether these data correlate with concurrent momentary reports of location, vary by people with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects, or associate with symptom clusters in schizophrenia. A total of 142 participants with schizophrenia (n = 86) or healthy comparison subjects (n = 56) completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of location and behavior, and simultaneous GPS locations were tracked every five minutes. We found that GPS-derived indicators of average distance travelled overall and distance from home, as well as percent of GPS samples at home were highly correlated with EMA reports of location at the day- and week-averaged level. GPS-based mobility indicators were lower in schizophrenia with medium to large effect sizes. Less GPS mobility was related to greater negative symptom severity, particularly diminished motivation, whereas greater GPS mobility was weakly associated with more community functioning. Neurocognition, depression, and positive symptoms were not associated with mobility indicators. Therefore, passive GPS sensing could provide a low-burden proxy measure of important outcomes in schizophrenia, including negative symptoms and possibly of functioning. As such, passive GPS sensing could be used for monitoring and timely interventions for negative symptoms in young persons at high risk for schizophrenia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document