scholarly journals Toxicity of several contact insecticides to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) populations after selection with pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Andric ◽  
Marijana Prazic-Golic ◽  
Petar Kljajic
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Insecticide Toxicity ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays ◽  
Contact Insecticides ◽  
Selection Of

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to detect possible alteration in susceptibility of two field Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) populations (sampled in a warehouse in Nikinci and a silo in Jakovo) to dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, deltamethrin and bifenthrin after previous selection with the LD80 of pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Data from the topical application bioassays show that chlorpyrifos-methyl was the most toxic insecticide to T. castaneum adults of the Nikinci population selected with pirimiphosmethyl and deltamethrin, while malathion was the weakest, and both selection procedures changed/reduced significantly only the toxicity of deltamethrin and bifenthrin, increasing their resistance ratios (RR) at the LD50 from 1.1 to 1.8 (bifenthrin) and from 0.9 to 2.2 (deltamethrin). Deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide for Jakovo adults selected with the LD80 of pirimiphosmethyl, while malathion was again the least toxic. Selection of that population had no effect on insecticide toxicity, except of malathion, which had a rise in RR at the LD50 from 26.0 to 29.8.

scholarly journals Rating knockdown of flour beetles after exposure to two insecticides as an indicator of mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos T. Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Contact Insecticides

AbstractKnockdown and mortality of adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, were assessed after exposure to two contact insecticides, chlorfenapyr and cyfluthrin, on a concrete surface. Individuals were rated on a scale for knockdown of exposed adults according to their mobility from 1, representing immobilized adults to 5, representing normally moving (similar to the controls). Only cyfluthrin gave immediate knockdown. Adults were rated at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. After the final assessment, adults were discarded and the same procedure was repeated for 5 consecutive weeks with new adults exposed on the same treated surfaces. Despite initial knockdown, many individuals did not eventually die after exposure to cyfluthrin. In contrast, adults exposed to chlorfenapyr were not initially knocked down after exposure but most died after 7 days. These trends were similar during the entire 5-week residual testing period. The storage of the treated dishes in illuminated or non-illuminated conditions did not affect the insecticidal effect of either insecticide. The results of the present study can be further implemented towards the design of a “lethality index” that can serve as a quick indicator of knockdown and mortality rates caused after exposure to insecticides.

Saving Millions through Judicious Selection of Employees

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Tests and other personnel selection procedures help in selecting good employees. Test utility studies show the value of selection for increasing productivity. Information about a test and about productivity of the workers can be used to quantify the gain that can be achieved by selecting the better workers. Increasing productivity by $5,000 per year per hire is not too much to expect.

The Schizophrenic Rehabilitee

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (483) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville L. Gittleson
Keyword(s):  
Staff Time ◽  
Rehabilitation Unit ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Selection Of

It has been shown (Wing and Giddens 1959, Wing 1960) that schizophrenics may benefit from a course at a Ministry of Labour Industrial Rehabilitation Unit. Psychiatric cases make “special demands on the staff time” (Ministry of Labour Gazette 1962) and if they comprise too high a proportion, may alter the atmosphere of the Unit from “industrial” to “hospital”. There follows a need for limitation by selection of such cases. Selection procedures however have not been fully worked out (Wing 1960).

scholarly journals 'n psigometriese oudit op ‘n bestaande keuringsprosedure

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cross ◽  
W. Marais ◽  
H. Steel ◽  
C. C. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The validity and credibility of assertions on the efficiency and equity of selection procedures is dependent on the methodology with which the procedure was developed and justified. An ideal approach to the development and justification of a selection procedure was derived from standard guidelines and operationalized in the form of a comprehensive checklist. A psychometric audit on the developmental history of the selection procedure for the selection of commission advisors was undertaken. Various shortcomings were identified and rectified or recommendations were made on rectifying them. The audit found that the selection procedure had zero validity, negative utility and discriminated unfairly. Opsomming Die geldigheid en geloofwaardigheid van uitsprake oor die effektiwiteit en billikheid van ‘n keuringsprosedure is ‘n funksie van die metodologie waarmee die prosedure ontwikkel en regverdig is. ‘n Ideale benadering tot die ontwikkeling en regverdiging van ‘n keuringsprosedure is uit standaard riglyne afgelei en geoperasionaliseer in die vorm van ‘n omvattende kontrolelys. ‘n Psigometriese oudit is onderneem op die ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis van ‘n keuringsprosedure vir die keuring van kommissie-adviseurs. Verskeie tekortkominge is geïdentifiseer en reggestel of aanbevelings ten opsigte van regstelling is gemaak. Die oudit het bevind dat die keuringsprosedure oor zero geldigheid beskik, negatiewe nutwaarde toon en onbillik diskrimineer.

Formal Assessment Procedures in Police Selection

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey G. Narrol ◽  
Eugene E. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Police Selection ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Formal Assessment ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Iq Tests

An attempt is made to estimate the extent to which formal psychological and psychiatric techniques are being employed in the selection of police recruits. To do this, the authors surveyed the 61 U. S. cities with populations greater than 150,000, according to the 1950 census. The kinds of techniques in use, and the frequency with which they are employed, are listed in Table 1. Items found in the most popular type of instrument, specially devised policeman selection tests, are classified and discussed. It is concluded that the varied items do not assess different aptitudes but, rather, lead to an unintentional pre-occupation with correlates of general intelligence. Further discussion focuses on the following factors: (a) even those departments which recognize policeman examinations to be intelligence tests, usually use the former in preference to standardized IQ tests; (b) little is being done to evaluate the personalities of applicants; (c) it appears that there is little or no research being done upon police selection techniques; (d) not many psychologists are involved either in research upon, or in the use of, the selection procedures now employed.

scholarly journals The effect of continued selection of phenotypic intermediates on gene frequency

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Curnow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of animals or plants for high values of a certain character may favour not only genotypes associated with these high values but also genotypes associated with high variability. Any differences between genotypes in variability may therefore be of considerable importance in plant and livestock improvement programmes as well as in evolution. The effects of various selection procedures on variability have been studied in three recent experiments [Falconer & Robertson (1956) Falconer (1957) and Prout (1962)]. In these experiments one line was continued by selecting, in each generation, parents with values of a particular character near the population mean. Manning (1955, 1956) has described the effects of this kind of selection applied to cotton. Robertson (1956) derived and discussed the theory of such selection procedures when certain simplifying approximations can be made We shall obtain some more general results and show that Robertson was incorrect in saying that the selection procedure would lead to gene fixation even if the heterozygotes are less variable than the homozygotes. The importance of the results is discussed in section 8.

Sterilising effects of benzyl-l,3-benzodioxoles on the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A Langley ◽  
M. A Trewern ◽  
L. Jurd
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Mature Oocyte ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
Contact Insecticides

AbstractThree benzyl-l,3-benzodioxoles and three benzylphenols were tested for their ability to sterilise Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. following topical application in acetone. Two of the former compounds, 5-ethoxy-6- (4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-l,3-benzodioxole and 5-ethoxy-6-[l-(4-meth-oxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3-benzodioxole, caused total sterility in females at a dose of 10 μg per fly, and remained effective even after one year's storage at 4°C. Dose-fecundity data indicate a reduction to 50% fecundity (ED50) was achieved with 2·5 μg of the former or 0·5 μg of the latter per fly. An ED90 of 8·5 μg and 2·5 μg, respectively, is indicated. The latter compound reduced the survival of treated females and males and surviving males were incapable of inseminating even though copulation appeared normal. The effects on female survival and fecundity, of feeding the compounds at 0·25 and 1·0% in blood, were variable, owing to their low solubility and variations in the size of blood-meals. The highest doses of the former compound led to ovarian atrophy in females, which can be described as an effect on fecundity. Lower doses induced sterility through egg death and atrophy after ovulation. The latter compound acted more rapidly than the former, preventing ovulation of the first mature oocyte in a higher proportion of flies. The activity of these compounds, which were derived by modification of plant materials, and are non-mutagenic, renders them likely candidates for evaluation as contact insecticides for Glossina in the field.

Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. III. Selection of toxicants

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
I. H. Haines ◽  
J. B. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAttempts were made to find alternative, less persistent, toxicants to aldrin for use in baits against Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) in the Seychelles. More than twenty toxicants were tested (some in more than one formulation) for effectiveness as poisons and for repellency to ants at the concentrations used in baits. None was as effective as aldrin, but certain formulations of pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl and mecarbam were promising because they gave good kill of ants in the laboratory and were of relatively low repellency and therefore acceptable in bait formulations.

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