scholarly journals Selectivity of some herbicides to standard wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) during stand establishment and seed production

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Aneliya Katova ◽  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Leached Chernozem

A study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven on a slightly leached chernozem soil in 2011-2012 to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to standard wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) during stand establishment and its seed production. The study had the following results: the herbicides Kambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) - 1250 ml/ha; Kalam (125 g/l tritosulfuron + 600 g/kg dicamba) - 200 g/ha; Lintur 70 WG (4.1% triasulfuron + 65.9% dicamba) - 150 g/ha, and Axial 050?K (50 g/l pinoxaden) - 600 ml/ha showed high selectivity to standard wheatgrass when applied at the stage of 3-4 leaves during the year of stand establishment; the herbicides Imaspro (69 g/l fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+antidote) and Stelar (50 g/l topramezone + 160 g/l dicamba), each applied at the rate of 1000 ml/ha, caused phytotoxicity (scores from 4 to 6), while Termidor (40 g/l nicosulfuron) - 1250 ml/ha completely destroyed the crop (score 9); the herbicides Kambio SL; Kalam; Lintur 70WG and Axial 050?K applied at the same doses at the stage from spring growth to the beginning of shooting up in the seed production year had a high selectivity to standard wheatgrass and could be applied in seed production stands without negative influence on seed productivity. The herbicide Termidor was very phytotoxic (scores from 3 to 7) and prevented the formation of generative stems.

scholarly journals Selectivity of some herbicides to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), grown for seed production

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova ◽  
Aneliya Katova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

The study was conducted to determine selectivity of some herbicides to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), and their influence on the seed production, during the years 2008- 2010. The trial was set on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem. As a result of the research the following was found: herbicides Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at the dose of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) - 15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazon + 90 g/l dicamba) - 1250 ml/ha and Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxyidim) + Atplus at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ha had high selectivity to cocksfoot, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand, and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year. Herbicide Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinofop - propargyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, showed phytotoxic effect to D. glomerata and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) on the chemical composition of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova ◽  
Plamen Marinov-Serafimov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A study was conducted in a pure stand of lucerne (variety Viktoria) under natural weed infestation with shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) on a slightly leached chernozem soil under nonirrigated conditions in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven during the 2006-2007 period. The effect of shepherd's purse Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. on the chemical composition of lucerne Medicago sativa (L.) was analyzed. Statistically significant (P<0.05) functional relations were found between the chemical characteristics and percentage of Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. participation in the lucerne sward, and forage quality. These relations indicated a multiple practical relevance and a necessity to control Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. in lucerne stands in order to decrease weed density and improve forage quality.

EVALUATION OF FOURTEEN GRASS POPULATIONS AS FORAGE CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
D. C. RATZLAFF
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Elymus Sibiricus ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Deschampsia Beringensis

Fourteen grass populations were evaluated for stand establishment, persistence, and dry matter yield under dryland conditions. Of these populations, Agropyron desertorum was most suitable for hay and Elymus angustus for pasture. Bromus biebersteinii compared favorably with Elymus junceus for pasture, suggesting that the two should be compared under grazing. When grown in mixture with alfalfa E. angustus and E. karataviensis tended to maintain a 50:50 grass-legume stand, whereas A. desertorum, A. cristatum × A. desertorum (4N), B. biebersteinii, B. inermis and E. junceus were very competitive and kept the percentage of alfalfa in the stand low. Both Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus showed good initial production and were short lived, suggesting they might be useful for enhancing the early production from other species sown in widely spaced rows. Elymus karataviensis was persistent but low yielding. Arctagrostis latifolia and Deschampsia beringensis were low yielding and lacked persistence.Key words: Hay, pasture, Arctagrostis, Agropyron, Bromus, Deschampsia, Elymus

A review of research progress on cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
D. F. Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seed Scarification ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Selection For

This review of cicer milkvetch includes both published and unpublished information regarding crop and seed characteristics, seed treatments, breeding, agronomic practices and nutritional value for livestock. Cicer milkvetch is a long-lived perennial, acid- and drought-tolerant crop providing high-quality forage throughout the growing season. It does not cause bloat in ruminants. Although it has caused photosensitization in ruminants, this was apparently due to specific environmental conditions and the cultivar used. Cicer milkvetch is compatible with other forage crops in mixed stands and is particularly suitable for pasture. Although the crop has many good qualities and was introduced in North America approximately 75 yr ago, it has not been utilized extensively, primarily due to slow establishment. However, stand establishment has been improved by elucidation of seed and seedling characteristics, followed by selection for heavy seed, rate of emergence, and mature plant vigor. Improved cultivars, developed through recurrent selection for rapid establishment, are now available. Seed scarification, inoculation with rhizobia, and shallow seeding into a pre-packed, warm seedbed are of great importance in cicer milkvetch establishment. Seeding later in the spring (without a companion crop) increases the probability of successful establishment of genetically improved cultivars. Development of cultivars with upright growth characteristics and long-term persistence under grazing stress, improved scarification techniques (to reduce seed loss), and a seeding protocol for successful establishment of the crop, have the potential to substantially increase utilization of this important forage legume. Key words: Cicer milkvetch, forage legume, hard seed, seed scarification, seedling vigor, stand establishment

scholarly journals Seed production of lemon balm and the quality of its seeds in the middle of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Ilya Alexandrovich Khapugin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Scale Experiment

The influence of mineral fertilizers on seed productivity and quality of obtained seeds of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was studied in the field small-scale experiment under conditions of unstable moistening of the Mordovia Republic. As a result, it was found that seed productivity varied depending on weather conditions and the types of fertilizers introduced. It was shown that the maximum productivity of Melissa officinalis plants was on the variant with the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at a dose of P60K90 (71.2±78.5 g/m2 in 2017 and 48.8±4.3 g/m2 in 2018), while it exceeded the control variant by 74-91 %. The total germination of seeds of Melissa officinalis practically did not change over the years, and was in the range of 37-39 %. Separation of seeds according to the degree of aging allowed to increase germination 11.4-13.3 %.  

Dose-Dependent Effects of the Action of Sulfur Nanoparticles on the Growth Response and Seed Production of Typical Steppe Phytocenoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida N. Ryabinina ◽  
Marija V. Ryabukhina ◽  
Maya V. Kolodina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Typical Steppe ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

The article presents the results of a study of typical steppe phytocenoses presented one ecological and biological group - xeromesophyte but different systematic affiliation and forms of life, to the action of sulfur nanoparticles. Results of the study showed a relationship between the concentrations of sulfur nanoparticles and growth responses, biochemical parameters and seed productivity of investigated species

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties and zonal features of seed production in the Altai Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Zharkova ◽  
E. I. Dvornikova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
High Quality Seed

One of the leading grain crops in Russia is spring wheat. This is a strategic food crop of our country; it is also an important component in the structure of forage crops for monogastric animals, such as pigs and poultry. The purpose of the research was to evaluate spring soft wheat varieties of different maturity groups in order to identify genotypes as the starting material for obtaining varieties adapted to the cultivation zones, and to determine the areas optimal for the production of grain for seed purposes with high quality indicators. Field studies have been carried out in three ecologically different zones: the Priobskaya zone, the Prialtaiskaya zone, and the Prisalairskaya zone. Under the conditions of the Altai Territory, genetic sources of spring soft wheat have been identifi ed for different soil and climatic parameters of the study zones, the use of which will allow obtaining high-yielding varieties with high quality grain for specific cultivation conditions. The variability of the indicators of the characteristics of varieties in three ecologically different zones has been determined. The indicators of adaptability and stability of spring soft wheat varieties in different zones of cultivation have been determined. The optimal zones for conducting breeding work and seed production of varieties have been identifi ed. New scientific data on the quality parameters of seed grain in various agro-climatic zones of the Altai Territory have been obtained. The share of the contribution of the factors “variety”, “year”, “environment” to the variability of grain quality characteristics has been established. The economic efficiency of cultivating varieties of spring soft wheat for the production of high-quality seed grain has been determined.

The effect of late fall seeding time on the seed production of Italian ryegrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-645
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman ◽  
Heather Loeppky ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Seeding Time

Coulman, B., Loeppky, H. and Entz, M. 2015. The effect of late fall seeding time on the seed production of Italian ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 641–645. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a cool-season grass, which behaves as an annual in the Great Plains region of western Canada and is used as a grazing crop. Italian ryegrass requires vernalization for reproductive development to occur. Late fall (dormant) seedings, which have been used for annual crop species, have often resulted in earlier developing seedlings in the spring and higher yield than spring seedings. For Italian ryegrass, dormant seedings may result in vernalization of early-spring-germinating seedlings, allowing seed production without having to overwinter established plants. The objective of this study was to compare the seed yield and stand establishment of late fall (dormant) and spring seedings of Italian ryegrass at three locations in the Great Plains region of western Canada. Stand establishment was assessed by measuring tiller density in the month of June, and these densities were greater for spring than late fall seedings. Most spring seedings had no reproductive development and, thus, no seed yield; however, most late fall seedings produced seed the following year, indicating that vernalization of early-developing seedlings did occur. There were significant differences in seed yield among the four cultivars tested and among sites. Based on the high variation in seed yield among cultivars and sites and the relatively low yield levels obtained, late fall seedings of Italian ryegrass cannot be recommended in the Great Plains region of western Canada.

scholarly journals Impact of weather conditions and sowing method on seed performance of meadow clover in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Z. S. Nelyubina ◽  
I. Sh. Fatykhov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime

Seed production of perennial leguminous herbs, including meadow clover (Trifolium praténse), is complicated due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. In Middle Urals, only two to three years out of ten are favorable for seed production. Estimation of influence of the hydrothermal regime of the growing season and the sowing method has been carried out in the experimental crop rotation of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, UdmFRC Ural Branch of the RAS with the seed grass stand of meadow diploid clover varieties Pelican and Trio, tetraploid variety Kudesnik It has been revealed that seed productivity of meadow clover on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was more dependent on the prevailing hydrothermal regimes of vegetation periods, as well as on the variety’s ploidy. A relatively high seeds yield of the Pelican variety (2n) 444-593 kg/ha and Kudesnik variety (4n) 101-116 kg/ha was formed under conditions of insufficient and optimal moisture supply of the vegetation period with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.67-1.41. With increase in hydrothermal coefficient p to 1.56-1.69, the seeds yield of the Trio variety (2n) decreased to 251-328 kg/ha, of the Kudesnik variety (4n) - to 77-91 kg/ha. Under the same conditions, according to the hydrothermal regime of vegetation, the Kudesnik clover variety formed a relatively larger number of stems and heads, however, the heads productivity was significantly inferior to diploid varieties, which ultimately affected its seed productivity. Sowing diploid varieties of meadow clover Pelican and Trio in the usual ordinary way (15 cm), tetraploid variety Kudesnik in a wide-row way (30 cm) allowed increasing seeds yield and thereby neutralizing the negative impact of weather factors. Sstudy of the seed formation features of meadow clover varieties differing in ploidy in contrasting agrometeorological conditions may be of interest in developing methods for optimizing their seed productivity.

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