scholarly journals The influence of Tilletia spp. inoculum source and environmental conditions on the frequency of infected wheat spikes

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Mirjana Koprivica ◽  
Radivoje Jevtic ◽  
Ivana Dulic-Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Seedborne Inoculum ◽  
Plot Design

The influence of inoculum source on the incidence of common bunt, caused by fungi from the genus Tilletia, was estimated based on the frequency of bunt infected wheat spikes in our agroecological conditions. The cultivar Novosadska rana 5 was sown in a random split plot design with four replicates at Rimski Sancevi on three sawing dates in 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. The following variables were evaluated: I - control, II - soilborne inoculum (4 g teliospores/1 l soil), III - seedborne inoculum (2 g teliospores/1 kg seeds), IV - seedborne inoculum + soilborne inoculum (4 g teliospores/1 l soil + 2 g teliospores/1 kg seeds). Correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of temperature and precipitation on the frequency of infected spikes. The frequency of bunt infected spikes depended on the source of Tilletia spp. inoculum, and difference in infection frequencies between variables II and III, as well as III and IV, were determined for the assessed infection parameters. When teliospores are the only source of inoculum in soil, 60 days after sawing (r>+0.52) is a critical period in which temperature influences the development of infection. The highest number of plants was infected in the first, while less were infected in the second ten days (decade) after sawing (r>0.41), when temperature was the optimal 5.0-6.0?C. The initial 60 days after sawing were also critical for disease development when teliospores on seeds were the only source of inoculum (r>+0.50). The highest number of plants was infected in the third and fewer in the fifth decade after sawing (r>0.41), when temperature was the optimal 5.0-6.0?C. When infection was caused by teliospores on seeds and in soil, the critical period lasted 120 days after sawing (r>0.42), with a maximum frequency of infection found at the optimal temperatures for the period of 4.0- 5.0?C.

scholarly journals Learning the ““Special Note””: Evidence for a Critical Period for Absolute Pitch Acquisition

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK A. RUSSO ◽  
DEBORAH L. WINDELL ◽  
LOLA L. CUDDY
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Single Tone ◽  
The Third

Children (3––6 years old) and adults were trained for 6 weeks to identify a single tone, C5. Test sessions, held at the end of each week, had participants identify C5 within a set of seven alternative tones. By the third week of training, identification accuracy of children 5––6 years old surpassed the accuracies of children 3––4 years old and adults. Combined with an analysis of perceptual strategies, the data provide strong support for a critical period for absolute pitch acquisition. Received July 12, 2003, accepted August 1,2003

scholarly journals Effect of temperature change on the cochlear potentials of the guinea pig. The third report.

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Naoki Inamura ◽  
Jun Kusakari ◽  
Tomonori Takasaka
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cochlear Potentials

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N.A. Eliseeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Kostanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Fruit Formation

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TIME OF BIO - AND HUMIC FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING CROPS MULTI-ROW BARLEY

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
V.Е. Kamalakhin ◽  
◽  
N.N. Ivanova ◽  
V.I. Kargin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Potassium Humate ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Treatment

This article presents the results of research of the influence of bio-and humic preparations on the productivity of spring multi-row barley. It was concluded that they have an effective influence on plants. Studies have shown that when processing crops with potassium HUMATE in the tillering phase and entering the tube, the largest numbers of barley plants were preserved for harvesting and a higher productive bushiness compared to the control was observed. The third use of the preparation slightly reduced studied indicators. It was also established that, on average, for 3 years of research, the use of potassium HUMATE in the tillering phases, entering the tube and earning contributed to a significant increase in the number of grains in the ear and the mass of 1000 seeds. The research results indicate that the yield of spring multi-row barley of Vakula variety significantly changed according to experiment varieties. The maximum increase was provided by three-time treatment of crops with potassium HUMATE. After conducting a correlation and regression analysis, it can be concluded that the yield of spring barley was equally dependent on the elements of productivity. There was a close positive relationship. Consequently, the productivity of spring multirow barley plants is significantly influenced by bio-and humic preparations.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Precipitation on the Daily New Cases and Daily New Death in Seven Cities around the Globe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Chaudhary ◽  
Adna Nelson K. ◽  
Harish S. ◽  
S. Mydhily ◽  
Chaitanya K.J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Field evaluation of a derivative of 1,4-oxathiin for control of cereal smuts

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Cereal Seed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Commercial Field

In semi-commercial field trials, the systemic cereal seed fungicide Vitavax (2,3-dihydro-5- carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) gave excellent control of natural loose smut infections of wheat and barley; combining it with phenylmercuric acetate reduced its efficacy on loose smut of wheat. In an irrigated row-plot trial, using wheat artificially inoculated with loose smut, Vitavax at the recommended rate was only moderately effective ; at half rate disease control was unsatisfactory. Vitavax was tested on three collections of common bunt of wheat. On all three it was better than Ceresan. It was inferior to hexachlorobenzene on two collections, but on the third, resistant to hexachlorobenzene, it was much superior. Vitavax gave excellent control of covered smut of oats whereas Panogen and Ceresan were much less effective.

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