scholarly journals Identification and control of Cladobotryum spp., causal agents of cobeweb disease of cultivated mushroom

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Ivana Potocnik
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Cobweb Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Surface Covering

Cladobotryum spp. are causal agents of cobweb disease, one of the most serious diseases of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach) in Serbia and worldwide, which affects product quality and yield. The disease symptoms are: cottony fluffy white or yellowish to pink colonies on mushroom casing, rapid colonization of casing surface, covering of host basidiomata by mycelia, and their decay. Prochloraz-Mn has been officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in EU countries. However, inefficiency of prochloraz-Mn has been noted at a level of spotting symptoms of cobweb disease. With regard to cases of resistance evolution and a general threat to the environment and human health, special attention should be focused on good programmes of hygiene, and inventing and developing alternative methods of disease control.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oil Hyssopus officinalis L. against micopathogen Mycogone perniciosa (Mang)

2005 ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Glamoclija ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Ivanka Milenkovic ◽  
Dejan Brkic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

The most commonly cultivated mushroom species is the Agaricus bisporus Lange (Imb). One of the major pathogenic diseases of the cultivated mushroom in Serbia is Mycogone perniciosa (Mang). Biological control systems are not much used in mushroom cultivation. Medical and aromatic plants have been placed in the focus of intense studies. Pure culture of the M. perniciosa was isolated from infected A. bisporus. The essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. is used as a potential antifungal agent. The most abundant components in oil are isopinocamphone (43.29%), pinocamphone (16.79%) and b-pinene (16.31%). Antifungal activity of Hyssop was investigated by the modified microatmosphere method. The minimal inhibitory quantity was 5 ?L/mL and a minimal fungicidal quantity was 15-20 ?L/mL. There is no report on the use of Hyssop essential oil in mushroom disease.

scholarly journals Morphological and pathogenic characteristics of the fungus Cladobotryum dendroides, the causal agent of cobweb disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Svetlana Milijasevic ◽  
Biljana Todorovic ◽  
Milos Stepanovic
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Cobweb Disease

Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected from Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The isolates formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and colonies turned yellow and redish. Pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculation of harvested basidiomes of A. bisporus and by casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection were recorded. Based on pathogenicity tests and morphological characteristics, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries) W. Gams & Hoozemans.

Mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This book, which is selected in nature to Agaricus bisporus, presents fundamental guidelines for mushroom production together with the advances in research in this field. The first chapter presents the history of button mushroom cultivation, mushroom classification, distribution, and nutritional and medicinal value. The methods of composting for substrate preparation, their basics, application, and innovation are discussed in Chapter 2. The basic principles and methods to improve compost quality are shown in the third chapter. Moving to the fourth chapter, the genetics, breeding approaches, and selection of new mushroom strains are discussed in detail. Chapter 5 addresses the stages of casing and cropping by focusing on the tools and methods to optimize production during these stages. Chapter 6 details the management of pests and control of diseases at a mushroom farm, with a special focus on the ideal farm design to avoid the spread of infesting agents. The last chapter of the book shows the advances in harvest and postharvest technologies, applied to maximize the postharvest benefits from button mushroom cultivation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: Proper timing for Easing Mask mandates after COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract As of 25 July 2021, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency reported 1,422 new COVID-19 cases, 188,848 total cases, and 2.073 total deaths (1.10% fatality rates). Since the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported, efforts to find a treatment and vaccine against COVID-19 have been widespread. Four vaccines are on the WHO’s emergency use listing and are approved of their usage; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, and Ad26.COV2.S. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 need at least 14 days to achieve effectiveness. Thus, people should abide by prevention and control measures, including wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing. However, a lot of new cases were reported after vaccinations, as many people did not follow the prevention control measures before the end of the 14 days period. There is no doubt we need to break free from mask mandates. But let us not decide the timing in haste. Even if the mask mandates are eased, they should be changed depending on the number of reported cases, vaccinations, as well as prevention and control measures on how circumstances are changing under the influence of mutant coronavirus.

Accumulation and distribution of selenium and cesium in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus — A radiotracer-aided study

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes T. van Elteren ◽  
Urszula D. Woroniecka ◽  
Koos J. Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom

TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF PROPHYLACTIC USE OF TRENEXAMIC ACID ON BLEEDING DURING ELECTIVE LSCS. A STUDY CONDUCTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-225
Author(s):  
Dhara Singh ◽  
Sujata bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Recent guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated administering tranexamic acid (TXA) in order to treat postpartum bleeding (PPH). Therefore, nding low-cost and lowrisk alternative methods to control obstetric bleeding is of great importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of TXA on bleeding during and after the LSCS. In addition, it was attempted to explore the impact of TXA as a safe and inexpensive method for decreasing bleeding during and after CS so that to decrease the hazard of blood transfusion or hysterectomy in these patients. Material and Methods: This prospective study conducted on 100 women in Department of Obstetrics &gynecolgy for one year period. They were divided in two groups: Cases: (n=50; women receiving prophylactic Tranexamic Acid) and Control: (n=50; women receiving saline). Estimated the amount of blood loss during surgery. The amount of blood loss during surgery were calculated Estimation of weight of dry towels and mops before autoclaving is noted. Results: Most common age group among Cases and Control was 26-30 years .%. Mean age among cases group (26.69±7.51 years) was signicantly lesser compared to control study cohort (29.75±7.72). Post operativehemoglobin level was signicantly higher among Case (11.26±12.03) as compared to Control (8.56±1.01). Comparing post operative complications revealedno signicant changes. Use of topical hemostatics was higher among the control (77%) as compared to Cases (57%). Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with TXA in relation to elective LSCS reduces the overall total blood loss, and the risk of reoperations owing to postoperative hemorrhage as revealed by higher hemoglobin level among cases.

scholarly journals Immune stimulation and antibody response of chicks to different doses/units of the Nigerian live infectious bursa disease vaccine

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
And Control ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

Vaccination failure is one of the major constraints to disease control in poultry. To investigate Infectious bursa disease (IBD)-vaccination failures (frequently/globally reported), batches of the Nigerian live-vaccine were tested for viral units before vaccinating following chick-groups: 16 doses (65,536 units), 8 doses (32,768 units), 4 doses (6,384 units), 2 doses (8,192 units), 1 dose (4,096 units), 1:2 dose (2,048 units), 1:4 dose (1,024 units), 1:8 dose (512 units), 1:16 dose (256 units) and control. Each batch gave 4,096 viral units. Mean bursa weight/body weight ratios (immune stimulation) and mean antibody titres of the chick-groups were 47.40 ±5.45 and 51.20 ±7.83; 44.25 ±7.28 & 48.00 ±9.24; 45.25 ± 4.28 and 64.00 ± 0.00; 43.00 ±7.58 and 101.60 ± 35.05; 44.60 ± 5.51 and 128.00 ± 0.00; 42.60 ± 6.23 and 268.80 ± 16.00; 40.50 ± 1.76 and 80.00 ±16.00; 31.40 ± 3.80 and 80.00 ± 27.71; 37.18 ± 4.07 and 89.60 ± 15.68 and 26.20 ± 3.31 and 19.20 ± 5.99, respectively. Half (2,048 units) of the recommended 1-dose gave optimal antibody-titre. The higher doses gave lower antibody-titres like the lower doses but immune stimulation continued to increase as doses/units increased. Both over-stimulating the immune system (too high vaccine-doses/viral-units/viral-virulence) and under-stimulation cause vaccination failure.

scholarly journals Influence of Agaricus Bisporus Establishment and Fungicidal Treatments on Casing Soil Metataxonomy During Mushroom Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Tello ◽  
Rebeca Lavega ◽  
Margarita Pérez ◽  
Antonio J. Pérez ◽  
Michael Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. Mushrooms are a source of resources still to be revealed, which have applications not only in food, but in many other sectors such as health, industry and biotechnology. Mushroom cultivation consists of the development of selective substrates through composting where the mushroom grows via solid fermentation process. In case of Agaricus bisporus, the compost fully colonized by mycelium hardly produces mushrooms and it is necessary to apply a casing layer with certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics to shift from the vegetative mycelium to the reproductive one, where the native microbiota plays crucial roles. Currently, the industry faces a challenge to substitute the actual peat based casing materials due to the limited natural resources and the impact on the peatlands where peat is extracted.In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for fungi in an Illumina MiSeq. In addition, the microbiome dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat based casing along the process of incubation of Agaricus bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicidal treatment (Chlorothalonil and Metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities to a specific microbial composition adapted to enhance the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency during production as well as possibly help us to have a clearer view of the microbial community-pathogen relationships as they are directly related to disease development.

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