scholarly journals Temperature dependent effects of insecticides on sugar beet weevil - Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Vukovic ◽  
Djusanka Indjic ◽  
Zlata Klokocar-Smit
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Exposition Time

The aim of the investigation was the assessment of toxicity of different insecticides to Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ. at different temperature (14, 20 and 25?C) under controlled conditions. B. punctiventris adult were exposed to Monokrotofos 20-WSC (Monocrotophos) at concentration 0.4, 0.2 0.1%, Agrometrin 20-EC (Cypermethrin) at 0.05, 0.025. 0.012% and Cimogal (Monocrotophos + Cypermethrin) at 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025% applied at filter paper and fed with treated sugar beet seedlings. The exposition time varied from l to 28 h and was determined upon insecticides toxicity. The effect was assessed upon mortality percentage. The mortality was found to be dependent on insecticide concentration and temperature conditions. After being exposed 18 h at 14?C to Monocrotophos, dependent on concentration applied the mortality ranged from 35 to 63,8%. At 20?C, the corresponding values ranged from 70.8 to 76.3%, at 25?C - from 46.3 to 100%. Under same conditions exposition to Cypermethrin 4 h at 14?C gave mortality from 66.3 to 100% 28.8-83.8% at 20?C and from 1.3 to 55% at 25?C. After being exposed only 3 h to Monocrotophos+Cypermethrin mortality ranged from 10,0 to 68.8% at 14?C 27.5 to 98.8% at 20?C and 1.3 to 37.0% at 25dC. The highest mortality of B. punctiventris adults was induced by Cypermethrin at 14?C, with Monocrotophos at 25?C and Monocrotophos + Cypermethrin at 20?C. It was concluded that temperature conditions dictate the choice of insecticide for B. punctiventris control. The environmental conditions during applications are of vital importance for successful control.

scholarly journals Loss of DIAPH3, a Formin Family Protein, Leads to Cytokinetic Failure Only under High Temperature Conditions in Mouse FM3A Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8493
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kazama ◽  
Shu-ichiro Kashiwaba ◽  
Sayaka Ishii ◽  
Keiko Yoshida ◽  
Yuta Yatsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Ts Mutant

Cell division is essential for the maintenance of life and involves chromosome segregation and subsequent cytokinesis. The processes are tightly regulated at both the spatial and temporal level by various genes, and failures in this regulation are associated with oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the gene responsible for defects in cell division by using murine temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant strains, tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. The ts mutants normally grow in a low temperature environment (32 °C) but fail to divide in a high temperature environment (39 °C). Exome sequencing and over-expression analyses identified Diaph3, a member of the formin family, as the cause of the temperature sensitivity observed in tsFT101 and tsFT50 cells. Interestingly, Diaph3 knockout cells showed abnormality in cytokinesis at 39 °C, and the phenotype was rescued by re-expression of Diaph3 WT, but not Diaph1 and Diaph2, other members of the formin family. Furthermore, Diaph3 knockout cells cultured at 39 °C showed a significant increase in the level of acetylated α-tubulin, an index of stabilized microtubules, and the level was reduced by Diaph3 expression. These results suggest that Diaph3 is required for cytokinesis only under high temperature conditions. Therefore, our study provides a new insight into the mechanisms by which regulatory factors of cell division function in a temperature-dependent manner.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF SOME SUGAR BEET VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Mubarak ◽  
Ayman AbdEl-Razek ◽  
Eman ElSarag
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Environmental Conditions

Temperature-dependent effects of soil amendment with crop residues on suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off of sugar beet

2012 ◽  
Vol 366 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Matsui ◽  
Hitoshi Honjo ◽  
J. Ole Becker ◽  
Ryo Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Temperature Dependent

A novel phenomenological constitutive model for Ti-6Al-4V at high temperature conditions and quasi-static strain rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002098599
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Ashrafian ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini Kordkheili
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Cook Model

Phenomenological constitutive modeling of Ti-6Al-4V at temperatures between 923 and 1023 K under 0.0005–0.05 s−1 quasi-static rates is studied based on a phenomenological approach. For this purpose, the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is revisited. At low temperature conditions under moderate to high strain rates, the material’s stress–strain curves are the most similar to power-law function. Contrary to this, at high temperature conditions under low to moderate strain rates, the saturation-type function well describes the stress–strain curves. On the other hand, it is illustrated that the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is feeble to predict the material’s behavior correctly. Accordingly, in this study, a viscoplastic temperature-dependent constitutive model is developed. The strain rate hardening as well as thermal softening of the developed model is the same as the Johnson–Cook model. But a temperature-dependent strain hardening function is proposed in which both the saturation-type and power-law hardening behaviors of the material are implemented. In comparison with the Johnson–Cook model, the new constitutive model’s fidelity in capturing the titanium behavior is depicted. At last, by considering an Arrhenius-type phenomenological constitutive model, it is noted that the developed constitutive model has the best correctness in predicting the Ti-6Al-4V stress–strain behavior at high temperature conditions under quasi-static rates.

scholarly journals Stability analysis of sugar beet genotypes in terms of yield and sugar ratios (Beta vulgaris Var. saccharifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yasar ◽  
Remzi Ekinci
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Seed Certification ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

This study was carried out to investigate the ecological regions of Eskişehir, Konya, Kırşehir, and Çorum in terms of sugar beet root yield (kg da-1), polar sugar rate (%), refined sugar rate (%) and sugar yield (kg da-1), to determine stabilities of selected genotypes, and to assist future studies. The experiment was conducted in the ecological regions of Eskişehir, Konya, Kırşehir, and Çorum between 2013 and 2017, using the trial data from the Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center. 58 genotypes of foreign origin were used in the study. It was determined that the Çorum location could be considered as bad environment in terms of sugar beet root yield feature, the Çorum and Eskişehir locations in terms of polar sugar beet and refined sugar rate feature, and the Eskişehir location in terms of polar sugar rate feature. It was concluded that Sandrina, Bernache and Aigrette genotypes showed good adaptation under good environmental conditions and were stable in terms of sugar beet root yield; Garrot and Beetle genotypes in terms of sugar yield; Delano and Portofina KWS (5K618) genotypes in terms of polar sugar rate; Ametist (SV1634), Masai, and Eldorado genotypes in terms of refined sugar rate. Since the performances of genotypes in different environmental conditions differ, it is of great importance to examine the performances of new varieties in different ecological environments. In terms of sugar beet root yield characteristics, it is recommended to prefer warmer ecological locations

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Data Integration Reveals Link Between Epigenetic Modifications and Gene Expression in Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris Subsp. Vulgaris) in Response to Cold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindy Gutschker ◽  
José Maria Corral ◽  
Alfred Schmiedl ◽  
Frank Ludewig ◽  
Wolfgang Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

Abstract BackgroundDNA methylation is thought to influence the expression of genes, especially in response to changing environmental conditions and developmental changes. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), and other biennial or perennial plants are inevitably exposed to fluctuating temperatures throughout their lifecycle and might even require such stimulus to acquire floral competence. Therefore, plants such as beets, need to fine-tune their epigenetic makeup to ensure phenotypic plasticity towards changing environmental conditions while at the same time steering essential developmental processes. Different crop species may show opposing reactions towards the same abiotic stress, or, vice versa, identical species may respond differently depending on the specific kind of stress. ResultsIn this study, we investigated common effects of cold treatment on genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression of two Beta vulgaris accessions via multi-omics data analysis. Cold exposure resulted in a pronounced reduction of DNA methylation levels, which particularly affected methylation in CHH context (and to a lesser extent CHG) and was accompanied by transcriptional downregulation of the chromomethyltransferase CMT2 and strong upregulation of several genes mediating active DNA demethylation. Conclusion Integration of methylomic and transcriptomic data revealed that, rather than methylation having directly influenced expression, epigenetic modifications correlated with changes in expression of known players involved in DNA (de)methylation. In particular, cold triggered upregulation of genes putatively contributing to DNA demethylation via the ROS1 pathway. Our observations suggest that these transcriptional responses precede the cold-induced global DNA-hypomethylation in non-CpG, preparing beets for additional transcriptional alterations necessary for adapting to upcoming environmental changes.

scholarly journals Maternal effects influence temperature-dependent offspring survival in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Mohan ◽  
Ton G.G. Groothuis ◽  
Chris Vinke ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Intrinsic Plasticity ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractMothers may modulate the phenotype of their offspring by affecting their development based on her own environment. In changing environments, these maternal effects are thought to adjust offspring physiology and development and thus produce offspring better prepared to the environment experienced by the mother. However, evidence for this is scarce. Here we test the consequences of a match or mismatch between mother and offspring temperature conditions on growth, adult morphology and reproduction into the grandchildren generation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This experimental design tests the relative contribution of maternal effects and offspring intrinsic plasticity to the phenotypic response to temperature conditions. We manipulated maternal temperature conditions by exposing mothers to either 18°C or 29°C conditions. Their eggs developed at a temperature that was either matched or mismatched with the maternal one. Survival from egg to adult was higher when the maternal and offspring environments matched, showing maternal effects affecting a trait that is a close proxy for fitness. However developmental speed, adult size and fecundity responded to temperature mostly through offspring phenotypic plasticity and maternal effects only had a small contribution. The results provide experimental evidence for maternal effects in influencing a potentially adaptive offspring response to temperature in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. These effects appear to modulate early embryonic phenotypes such as survival, more than the adult phenotypes of the offspring.

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