scholarly journals Women’s participation in the Brazilian labour market in the context of economic growth with income distribution (2004-2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-447
Author(s):  
Leone Troncoso
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
High Level

Between 2004 and 2013, Brazilian economy experienced economic growth with improvement in income distribution. In this context, the reduction of the participation of young people continued and it was accompanied by lower participation of adult men and deceleration in increase of adult women?s participation. The good performance of the labour market increased the income of households in which women participated in economic activity. Despite the improvement, in 2013, the number of households with low socioeconomic status in which adult women faced difficulties to participate in economic activity remained significant. Thus, the deceleration in the increase in adult women participation rate occurred in the presence of a significant number of women from low income and low participation rates, while in households with higher income levels the participation rate of adult women reached a very high level.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nemati ◽  
Ghasem Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, improvement in income distribution and poverty eradication and hence low inequality are served as the main objectives of economic and social development strategy even prior than primary tasks of governments. to manifest importance of income distribution, some economists adopt income inequality and income distribution in society as criteria for economic system of the community, although these criteria and measures are theoretical for the economic system and this varies from the perspective of different people, however, it denotes on  importance of income distribution among individuals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic growth on income inequality in the selection of low-income developing countries.To this end, using panel data and data for 28 developing countries over the period 1990-2010 the relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient was examined. The results indicate that as per hypothesis Kuznets in the early stages of growth, income inequality increases and then it declines in later stage.

scholarly journals Policy Model for Muslim State Inflation Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Hamdan Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
External Balance

Inflation is a problem which is not simple and is classified as an economic disease. Inflation is one important indicator in analyzing a country's economy, especially with regard to its broad impact on macroeconomic variables: economic growth, external balance, competitiveness, and even income distribution. Inflation is characterized by high and continuous increases in prices not only causing some adverse effects on economic activity, but also on the prosperity of individuals and society. An increase in the price of one or two items alone cannot be called inflation, unless the increase extends to an increase in the majority of other goods.

scholarly journals Do Rising Top Income Shares Affect the Incomes or Earnings of Low and Middle-Income Families?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Thompson ◽  
Elias Leight
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract This paper uses US state panel data to explore the relationship between the share of income received by affluent households and the level of income and earnings received by low and middle-income families. A rising top share of income can potentially lead to increases in the incomes of low and middle-income families if economic growth is sufficiently responsive to increases in inequality. A substantial literature on the impacts of inequality on economic growth exists, but has failed to achieve consensus, with various studies finding positive impacts, negative impacts, and no impacts on growth from increased levels of income inequality. This paper departs from that literature by exploring the effect of inequality on the standard of living of middle-income and low-income families. In the context of rising inequality, increased overall growth is not necessarily a suitable proxy for overall standard of living, since growth patterns are not uniform for the entire income distribution. The results of this study indicate that increases in the top share of income (particularly the top one percent) are associated with declines in the actual incomes (and earnings) of middle income families, but have no clear impact on families at the bottom of the income distribution.

scholarly journals The economic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
efi rahmadhani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Economic growth essentially aims to improve the welfare of the community, so that increased economic growth is needed and more equitable income distribution. However, if the growth is followed by an improvement in income distribution, it will be difficult to create prosperity for the community in general, because the income distribution is uneven or does not run smoothly, so that it will automatically disrupt the Indonesian economy, and will be in poverty.But the high level of economic inequality in Indonesia has resulted in low income groups unable to access basic needs and services such as food, health and education. This can adversely affect the community and slow down the human development process, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Sources of economic inequality, especially in Indonesia, are due to the implementation of the economic system of capitalism, differences in natural resource content, market fundamentalism that encourage rich people to reap the biggest profits from economic growth, increased political capture, gender inequality, low wages lifting itself from poverty, inequality of access between rural and urban areas to infrastructure, a taxation system that fails to play an important role in distributing income.One of the country's efforts to reduce inequality between regions or regions is of course through equitable development in the regions. This is related to regional development, where regional development is an integral part of national development. Thus, it is expected that the results of development will be distributed and allocated to regional levels.

Moderation Effects of Political Instability and Tourism on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabani Saha ◽  
Ghialy Yap ◽  
Yong Rae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Generalized Methods Of Moments ◽  
High Level

This study examines the impacts of inbound tourism on economic growth by using panel system-generalized-methods-of-moments techniques for over one hundred countries during the period 1995-2016. Using political instability as a moderator variable, the evidence shows that inbound tourism alone can lead to economic growth along with an increase in the standard control variables such as capital formation, education, and R&D expenditure. Nevertheless, a significant adverse effect on economic growth is revealed in the presence of medium to high political instability. The marginal impact of inbound tourism on economic growth with a high level of political instability is more detrimental in low-income countries than in their counterparts. Developing countries, which are heavily reliant on tourism, suffer more severe damages to economic growth when there is increasing political instability. Therefore, the analysis concludes that political stability is one of the key players in sustainable tourism development and economic growth.

scholarly journals Poverty and Hunger in India: What is Needed to Eliminate Them

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-259
Author(s):  
Arvind Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

There is a widespread impression among the Indian intelligentsia, foreign scholars, and residents of developed/rich countries that India’s economic growth has not reduced poverty, that globalisation has worsened poverty and/or income distribution, and that there are hundreds of millions of hungry people in India. These arguments are buttressed by recourse to India’s ranking on several social indicators. Esoteric debates about the comparability of survey data and gaps between NSS and NAS add to the confusion and allow ideologues to believe and assert whatever information suits the argument. What are the basic facts about poverty, income distributions, and hunger at an aggregate level? This paper reviews the available data and debates on this subject and comes to a commonsense view. It then tries to link some of the outcomes to the policy framework and programmes of the government. The paper finds that India’s poverty ratio of around 22 percent in 1999-2000 is in line with that observed in countries at similar levels of per capita income. The ratio is relatively high because India is a relatively poor/ low-income country, i.e., with low average income. 90 percent of the countries in the world have a higher per capita (average) income than India. The number of the poor is very high because India’s population is very large, the secondhighest in the world. India’s income distribution as measured by the Gini co-efficient is better than three-fourths of the countries of the world. The consumption share of the poorest 10 percent of the population is the sixth best in the world. Where India has failed as a nation is in improving its basic social indicators like literacy and mortality rates. Much of the failure is a legacy of the three decades of Indian socialism (till 1979-80). The rate of improvement of most indicators has accelerated during the market period (starting in 1980-81). The gap between its level and that of global benchmarks is still wide and its global ranking on most of these social parameters remains very poor. This is the result of government failure. The improvement in social indicators has not kept pace with economic growth and poverty decline, and this has led to increasing interstate disparities in growth and poverty. JEL classification: I3, I32, I38 Keywords: Hunger, Poverty, Public Goods, Public and Quasi-Public Goods and Services, Basic Education, Public Health, Sanitation

scholarly journals Determinant of Obesity Among Women From Low Income Family In RW 05 Area Sub-district Cibubur 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Ichlasul Antari Hajar ◽  
Taufik Maryusman ◽  
Luh Desi Puspareni
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Income Family ◽  
Depth Interviews

Obesity is one of the nutrition problems that the prevalence increases continuously. People from low socioeconomic status significantly increase. Likewise, obesity in a woman is more prone than man. This study aims to explore the causes of obesity in adult women who come from middle and lower families. The research was conducted using qualitative principles, which research method in-depth interviews and observations. The primary informants involved ten adult women who have obese nutritional status and the key informants were community leader and family members. Results showed the influence perception of body shape on the intention and willingness to lose weight. Wrong eating patterns are excess food intake and consumption of food and beverages, which lead to obesity along with less exercise and passive activity. Its behavior is affected by individual perceptions, social support, and the environment..

scholarly journals THE EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLERS IN MALAYSIAN LABOUR MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jady @Zaidi Hassim ◽  
Anowar Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Employment Rights

This paper discusses the employment rights of professional footballers in general. The issue to be addressed is whether the rights established in the unilateral and standard blueprint of player agreements can be considered fair for both sides. Indent analysis on this jurisdictional issue significantly concerns the standard terms of an employment contract that influence a professional footballer’s value in the labour market and player transfer policy. This paper adopts a dual methodology of research, namely quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative data reflect a considerably high level of understanding of the players of the explicitly stated as well as the merely implied contractual terms. However, the majority of footballers are neither individually nor collectively represented in the bargain deal with the employers, which reveals the need of a proper players’ union to transform sports into a labour market which is able to guarantee a stable economic activity. The empowerment of professional sports could generate more marketing revenues and thus enhance human development in professional sports. Keywords: Professional Footballers; Employment Rights; Labour Market; Economic Activity.

Gender Income Differentials in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Jia Qi Cheong ◽  
Suresh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
National Development ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Studies related to distribution of income is very important for national development as it is related to efforts also to reducing the gender earnings disparity. Women have overcome many challenges within the labour market, but gender income differentials still persist in Malaysia. As reducing the gender income differentials is one of the ingredients for sustained economic growth, this article examines the gender income distribution in several submarkets within the Malaysian labour market and discusses some initiatives aimed at reducing income disparities therein Keywords: Differentials; Gender; Income; Labour, Malaysia

Gender Income Differentials in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Jia Qi Cheong ◽  
Suresh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
National Development ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Studies related to distribution of income is very important for national development as it is related to efforts also to reducing the gender earnings disparity. Women have overcome many challenges within the labour market, but gender income differentials still persist in Malaysia. As reducing the gender income differentials is one of the ingredients for sustained economic growth, this article examines the gender income distribution in several submarkets within the Malaysian labour market and discusses some initiatives aimed at reducing income disparities therein Keywords: Differentials; Gender; Income; Labour, Malaysia

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