scholarly journals Revealing asymmetric spillover effects in hazelnut, gasoline, and exchange rate markets in Turkey: The VECM-BEKK-MGARCH approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Emine Askan ◽  
Faruk Urak ◽  
Abdulbaki Bilgic
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Exchange Rate Markets ◽  
Two Sectors

The study used the VECM-BEKK-MGARCH method to model the volatility transmission between the markets of gasoline, exchange rates, and the hazelnut market for the period of 21.07.2005-20.3.2018. The suitability of the VECM-BEKK-MGARCH method was confirmed by statistical testing. The changes in hazelnut prices were not affected by the changes in the prices or final values in the other two sectors (Granger causality). Moreover, the Granger causality tests revealed that, while the change in the gasoline market was not affected by the other two markets, the change in the exchange rates market was affected by the other two markets. Furthermore, especially the volatilities (long-term uncertainties) of the markets were affected by both their own short- and long-term volatilities and other sectors? short- and long-term volatilities. It was shown that the long-term swings in these three markets were affected by the cross-interaction in the markets. Additionally, as opposed to the case in the positive news, it was observed that pieces of negative news about the markets affected the markets.

The Effects of Exchange Rate on Export Performance in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Haroub Hamad Omar ◽  
Nildag Basak Ceylan ◽  
Ayhan Kapusuzoglu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Foreign Demand ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Exchange Rate Level

The chapter analyzes the effects of exchange rate of Tanzanian shilling on the country's exports performance applying Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model covering the sample period from 1993:Q1 to 2016:Q4. Cointegration and causality tests are performed to investigate the short- and long-term relationships between the variables to evaluate the financial competition. The results show that; there is no long-term relationship (cointegration) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. Moreover, the results of causality test show no short-term relationship (causality) between exchange rates and exports and between foreign demand and exports. As the findings suggest, the exchange rate level of Tanzanian shilling (in nominal terms) does not statistic-significantly affect the country's exports performance.

scholarly journals The Pice Effects of Competition from Parallel Imports and Therapeutic Alternatives: Using Dynamic Models to Estimate the Causal Effect on the Extensive and Intensive Margins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Granlund
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

AbstractThis paper studies responses to competition with the use of dynamic models that distinguish between short- and long-term price effects. The dynamic models also allow lagged numbers of competitors to become valid and strong instruments for the current numbers, which enables studying the causal effects using flexible specifications. A first parallel trader is found to decrease prices of exchangeable products by 7% in the long term. On the other hand, prices do not respond to the first competitor that sells therapeutic alternatives; but competition from four or more competitors that sell on-patent therapeutic alternatives decreases prices by about 10% in the long term.

Polyacrilonytrile versus Cuprophan Membranes for Hemodialysis: Evaluation of Efficacy and Biocompatibility by Platelet Aggregation Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berrettini ◽  
U. Buoncristiani ◽  
P. Parise ◽  
E. Ballatori ◽  
G.G. Nenci
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Extracorporeal Dialysis ◽  
Uremic Patients

The short- and long-term effect of hemodialysis with two different membranes — cuprophan and polyacrilonytrile — on platelet aggregation has been investigated in 12 uremic patients undergoing extracorporeal dialysis, passing from one treatment to the other. Cuprophan membranes failed to correct the defective platelet aggregation of uremia, and their thrombogenicity was documented by a fall in platelet count and further impairment of platelet aggregation during dialysis. On the contrary, polyacrilonitryle membranes showed the capacity to correct completely but transiently the platelet aggregation, without changes in platelet count. The results indicate that polyacrilonytrile membranes show a better biocompatibility toward platelets than cuprophan membranes.

Allelopathic and autotoxic interactions in selected populations of Loliumperenne grown in monoculture and mixed culture

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Kraus ◽  
Margje Voeten ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Two Populations

Autotoxicity and allelopathy affect the respiration and yield of GL66 and GL72, two populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. S23) that were originally selected for contrasting rates of mature-leaf dark respiration under conditions where allelopathic effects could not occur and autotoxic effects were minimal. The aim of this study was to further investigate growth and biomass allocation of these two populations in relation to their autotoxic and allelopathic properties. To this end, plants were subjected to two conditions (monoculture and mixed culture) and two treatments (growth in 'renewed' and 'replenished' nutrient solution, allowing for short- and long-term accumulation of allelochemicals, respectively). The fast-respiring population, GL66, showed a reduced total yield due to allelopathic effects only when long-term accumulation of allelochemicals was allowed (mixed culture, replenished). However, short-term accumulation (mixed culture, renewed) of allelochemicals was sufficient to affect allocation of biomass to leaf sheaths. The slow-respiring population, GL72, suffered from autotoxicity only when long-term accumulation was allowed (monoculture, replenished), and from allelopathy under both short- and long-term accumulation (mixed culture, either renewed or replenished). The predominant allelopathic and autotoxic effect was on dry matter percentage and dry weight of leaf sheaths. We conclude that the roots of both populations release one or more chemical compounds that primarily affect biomass allocation to leaf sheaths, both of the same and of the other population. Sensitivity to the putative inhibitor(s) released by the other population was greater than sensitivity to the inhibitor(s) released by a population's own roots.

scholarly journals A Causal Analysis of the R&D Interactions between the EU and the US

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the relationships between the aggregate R&D activities of the EU and the US using multivariate Granger-causality tests. Our estimation results indicate that the EU reacts positively to increases in R&D productivity in the US. On the other hand, R&D activity in the EU is a direct Granger-cause of both R&D and labour productivity in the US, and the effects are negative. It was shown in the literature that the US reacts submissively to successful Japanese R&D. We extend the literature by demonstrating that the US also reacts submissively to increased R&D effort in the EU.

scholarly journals The Self, the Other, and the International Student

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
David Starr-Glass
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
International Student ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
Short And Long Term

A sense of strangerhood, which is different from social isolation or cultural alienation, is common among many of the international students whom I encounter. In a world increasingly preoccupied with personal interaction and social exchange, many of these students perceive strangerhood as problematic and inherently negative. This brief reflection considers strangerhood from the perspective of Georg Simmel and argues that being a stranger has considerable positive value. Recognition of strangerhood is a critical element in developing a greater understanding of both the self and the Other. Legitimizing the experience of strangerhood, emphasizing its potential value, and empowering students to embrace it may provide significant short- and long-term benefits for international students in their personal and transformative journeys.

scholarly journals Pembelajaran Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab Secara Aturan Kluster Semantik dan Aturan Kluster Bebas

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Mohd Rahimi ◽  
Zahriah Hussin ◽  
Wan Normeza
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Semantic Clustering ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Short And Long Term

Many Arabic language books use semantic clustering in presenting their vocabularies. However, some language experts suggest the use of semantically unrelated clustering due to a higher contribution in memorizing vocabularies among students. This study aims to investigate on which clustering has a higher contribution in memorizing vocabularies among students. The specific objectives of this study are; (a) to identify the level of students’ achievement in memorizing vocabularies using both techniques in a long-term test and a short-term test; and (b) to identify students’ achievement differences using both techniques in both tests. This study is a quasi-experimental study which using a short term and a long term post-test. This group of students was exposed to vocabularies using semantic clustering and semantically unrelated clustering. The short term post test was administered after the students were exposed with both techniques, while the long term post-test was used after seven days of the exposure. This study found that students’ achievement using semantic clustering was moderate for both tests. Meanwhile, students’ achievement using semantically unrelated clustering was very good in the short term test and good in the long term test. On the other hand, the t-test analysis showed that there are significant differences between both techniques, which students’ achievement using semantically unrelated clustering is statistically and significantly higher than students’ achievement using semantic clustering for both short and long term post-tests. Therefore, this study suggests that the semantically unrelated clustering technique needs to be used in learning Arabic vocabularies among students. 

Analysis of Long-Term Memory in the Mexican Exchange Market Using a Fuzzy Hurst Exponent: Does Intervention Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Klender Cortez ◽  
Martha Del Pilar Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Monetary Authorities

The following article aims to detect if long-term memory exists in the Mexican exchange rate market. This research was conducted between 1992 and 2016, during which time different intervention mechanisms were presented. The interventions were divided as follows: a) crawling bands (01/1992–12/1994), b) free flotation in crisis (01/1995–07/1996), c) mixed operations with purchases and sales of dollars by the Central Bank (08/1996–06/2001), d) free flotation (07/2001–04/2003), e) accumulation of international reserves (05/2003–02/2009, f) mixed auctions (03/2009–02/2016), and g) free flotation with interest rate increases (03/2016–12/2016). To detect the presence of long-term memory in the peso–dollar exchange rates, we proposed a fuzzy Hurst exponent. The results evidenced distinct types of behaviors depending on the grade of intervention. Compared to a free-floating regime, persistence and fuzzy Hurst values decreased when the Central Bank intervened in the exchange market. On the other hand, uncertainty increased when monetary authorities imposed a mechanism for buying and selling dollars without an exchange rate target.

Oil supercycle and fiscal policy

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gurvich ◽  
I. Belyakov ◽  
I. Prilepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Reserve Fund ◽  
The Government

Long-term trends in oil price are discussed in the article. We find out that both short- and long-term projections mainly extrapolate into the future current developments in hydrocarbon prices. Meanwhile both historical data and analysis of fundamental economic mechanisms reveal supercycles - price waves with large amplitude and length amounting to several decades. Implications for fiscal policy from oil price swings are considered. We demonstrate in particular that these swings ensure high returns on the oil fund operations due to substantial gap between exchange rates at the periods of fund replenishment and withdrawal. This makes the oil Reserve fund mechanism by far more profitable for the government than other potential investment tools.

Exchange rates and prices: revisiting Granger causality tests

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chi Cheng ◽  
Larry Taylor ◽  
Wenlong Weng
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests
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