scholarly journals Does innovation co-move with FDI? Evidence from OECD countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Chun-Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Integration Test

In this study, the panel co-integration test combined with structural breaks was used to explore the long-term co-movement between FDI and patent and trademark applications? in accordance with 33 OECD countries from 1999 to 2018. The robust results demonstrate that both innovation variables including patent and trademark comove with FDI in the OECD sample. Furthermore, this long-term co-movement of FDI and innovation experiences some structural breaks during the period 2003-2010. Finally, there is a long-term co-movement between FDI inflows and innovation activity in OECD countries.

The Quantification of Structural Reforms in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Égert ◽  
Peter Gal
Keyword(s):  
Product Market ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Product Market Regulation ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes and discusses a new supply-side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment, and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the chapter finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the five- to ten-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materializes at a shorter horizon.

scholarly journals Informal carer in Portugal: moving towards political recognition in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Fronteira ◽  
J Simoes ◽  
G Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Informal Carer ◽  
Term Care ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Informal Carers

Abstract Informal care represents around 80% of all long term care provided in EU countries. Nevertheless, the needs for this type of care are expected to increase in the coming years in all OECD countries. Portugal is among the OECD countries with the highest ageing index (21.5% of the population was older than 65 years in 2017) due to high life expectancy and low fertility rates. As this demographic trend establishes, Portugal is expected to have more than 40% of the population over 65 years in 2037, and the expected prevalence of dementia is 3%, in 2050. In 2015 there were 2.1% of people over 65 receiving long-term care, representing 52% of all long-term care users. Around 38% were receiving care at home. It is estimated that 287,000 people in Portugal depend on informal carers. The agenda towards the official recognition of informal cares has been push forward in the country. Since 2015, several recommendations have been issued by the Parliament as well as legislative initiatives and a proposal for a Status of the Informal Carer is currently under discussion. We analyse the process of formulation of this policy in terms of sectors and stakeholders involved, definition and scope of informal carer, rights and obligations, role of the person being cared for, formal protection (e.g., labor, social, financial, training) and implementation. Recognition of the informal carer is a sector wide approach. One of the main features is the economic, social and labor protection mainly through reconciliation between work life and caring activities and promotion of the carer’s well being. Notwithstanding, and from a health system perspective, community health teams are to be the focal point for informal carers, supporting and providing specific training whenever needed. Despite its relevance, informal care should not be professionalized and responsibility of care should not be shifted from health services to informal carers. Key messages Needs for informal care are expected to increase in the coming years in OECD countries. Recognition of the informal carer is a sector wide approach.

scholarly journals Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6p2) ◽  
pp. 1971-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Kwang Yoo ◽  
Jay Bhattacharya ◽  
Kathryn M. McDonald ◽  
Alan M. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Term Care

An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Growth and Energy Utilization in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1666-1670
Author(s):  
Fei Hu Yang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Recycling Economy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Based on the co-integration test, error correction model and vector autoregressive model, the empirical analysis results show a long-term co-integration relationship between economic growth and energy utilization in China, energy consumption increased by 1%, GDP will increase by 1.342%. In order to raise the efficiency of energy utilization during China's economic development, suggestions like saving energy conservation, reducing emission and recycling economy have been proposed.

scholarly journals Worlds of long-term care: A typology of OECD countries

Health Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Ariaans ◽  
Philipp Linden ◽  
Claus Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Growth, Trade Openness and Technological Progress on Renewable Energy Use in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Wahid Murad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Short Term

This study investigates the short-term and long-term impacts of economic growth, trade openness and technological progress on renewable energy use in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Based on a panel data set of 25 OECD countries for 43 years, we used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the related intermediate estimators, including pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) to achieve the objective. The estimated ARDL model has also been checked for robustness using the two substitute single equation estimators, these being the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Empirical results reveal that economic growth, trade openness and technological progress significantly influence renewable energy use over the long-term in OECD countries. While the long-term nature of dynamics of the variables is found to be similar across 25 OECD countries, their short-term dynamics are found to be mixed in nature. This is attributed to varying levels of trade openness and technological progress in OECD countries. Since this is a pioneer study that investigates the issue, the findings are completely new and they make a significant contribution to renewable energy literature as well as relevant policy development.

Which Indian Industry Benefits from FDI? A Panel Co-Integration Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-89
Author(s):  
S. Mahalakshmi ◽  
S. Thiyagarajan ◽  
G. Naresh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
The Impact

Economic liberalization or market reforms have become the buzz word in economics all over the world in the recent years. Among various aspects of economic liberalization, foreign capital, particularly inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been viewed as a main engine for economic development in the world economy. Thus this paper attempts to analyze the impact of FDI inflows on the performance of various Indian industries. Using Panel Co-integration tests namely Pedroni Residual Co-integration, Kao Residual Co-integration test and Johanson Fisher panel co-intergration tests, the presence of co-integration between FDI inflows and the performance variables of selected industries have been tested. The results of the paper reveals that there is a long run relationship between industry performance indicators and FDI only in case of services, telecom, computer software and hardware, real estate and automobile industries and in case of majority of other industries, there is no long run relationship between industry performance indicators and FDI inflow.

Does the exchange rate overshoot in an emerging economy?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aftab ◽  
Amir Rafique ◽  
Evan Lau
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Nonlinear Ardl ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Substantial Decline

Purpose The sticky-price monetary model of exchange rate states the overshooting hypothesis as, exchange rate depreciation beyond its long-term value in response to an increase in money supply owing to the sticky nature of prices. Because of interest and relevance to policy, there is a huge extant literature on it but with mixed findings that suggest the need for further studies to refine the findings. Pakistan’s rupee exchange rate against the US dollar depreciated 128.44% over the period May 2007–December 2018. Considering this substantial decline in rupee's value, this study aims to examine either the rupee short-run value is over-shot of its long-term value. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a linear ARDL approach that segregates the short-run and long-run effects thus clarifying the premise of exchange rate overshooting. Furthermore, this study also uses nonlinear ARDL as a robustness check incorporating structural breaks. Findings Findings based on a linear model show evidence of exchange rate undershooting that means a positive money shock causes the exchange rate to appreciate. A nonlinear analysis also provides support to these findings. However, the increase in relative money supply has more such effect than that of a decrease in the relative money supply. Moreover, the authorities’ inclination to stabilize the exchange rate appreciates its short-run value. Originality/value This study substantiates the overshooting hypothesis literature by considering the role of asymmetric effects of exchange rate determinants and structural breaks that is a rare attempt in the extant literature.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF POLICY CONTEXT IN INDIVIDUAL LONG-TERM CARE DECISIONS IN OECD COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S155-S155
Author(s):  
Selena Caldera
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Context

Abstract While family caregiving of the elderly has long been part of the cultural life of most OECD countries, longer life expectancy combined with low fertility rates has increased the share of the population dependent on current workers and minimized the available population of informal caregivers. The demand for expanded public provision of long-term care (LTC) resulting from this demographic shift prompted reforms in many OECD countries in the 1990s and 2000s. Differences in these reforms provide an opportunity to examine how individual choices between formal and informal care types are shaped by the policy context. I use longitudinal data on elders in three OECD countries, Sweden, Germany, and Japan, to examine LTC decisions under three varied approaches to population aging. The direction of LTC reforms in each country has been shaped by the existing model of care provision and financial constraints. In response to cost pressures, Sweden introduced need-based provision, financial devolution, and market-based approaches to its universal care model. Germany and Japan, in contrast, widely expanded restricted LTC coverage through public LTC insurance models. I use three multinomial logistic models of the LTC decision to test how differing policy schemes influence choices between formal and informal care. Using longitudinal Global Gateway to Aging data for each country, I model the LTC decision in each country as a factor of demographic and need characteristics of the elder experiencing limitations, characteristics of their family, and eligibility for publicly-provided LTC.

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