scholarly journals Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramkumar Ramkrishnan ◽  
Ragupathy Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Forced Draft

Deterioration of the packing material is a major problem in cooling towers. In this experimental study ceramic tiles were used as a packing material. The packing material is a long life burnt clay, which is normally used as a roofing material. It prevents a common problem of the cooling tower resulting from corrosion and water quality of the tower. In this study, we investigate the use of three different types of ceramic packings and evaluate their heat and mass transfer coefficients. A simple comparison of packing behaviour is performed with all three types of packing materials. The experimental study was conducted in a forced draft cooling tower. The variations in many variables, which affect the tower efficiency, are described.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of Ceramic Packing Cooling Tower Using Taguchi Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Ceramic Packing ◽  
Forced Draft ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Deterioration of the packing material is a major problem in cooling tower. In this experimental study, ceramic tile is used as packing material. The experimental study was conducted in a forced draft cooling tower. Cooling tower operating parameters were optimized using Taguchi approach. The application of Taguchi method is assessing maximum cooling tower effectiveness for the Forced draft counter flow cooling tower using ceramic packing. An experimental study has been carried out for Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. According to the Orthogonal array, the trail was performed under different inlet conditions of flow rate of water, air and Inlet water temperature. Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and regression were carried out in order to determine the effects of process parameters on cooling tower effectiveness. Finally, confirmation tests verified this reliability of Taguchi method for optimization of forced draft counter flow cooling tower performance with sufficient accuracy. Confirmation experiment was d o n e using optimum combination showed that cooling tower effectiveness was found by experiment is closer to the predicated value.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental study of a cross-flow induced-draft cooling tower

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Elazm Abo ◽  
Farouk Elsafty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Rig

The main objective of this study is to find a proper solution for the cross-flow water cooling tower problem, also to find an empirical correlation's controlling heat and mass transfer coefficients as functions of inlet parameters to the tower. This is achieved by constructing an experimental rig and a computer program. The computer simulation solves the problem numerically. The apparatus used in this study comprises a cross-flow cooling tower. From the results obtained, the 'characteristic curve' of cross-flow cooling towers was constructed. This curve is very helpful for designers in order to find the actual value of the number of transfer units, if the values of inlet water temperature or inlet air wet bulb temperature are changed. Also an empirical correlation was conducted to obtain the required number of transfer units of the tower in hot water operation. Another correlation was found to obtain the effectiveness in the wet bulb operation.

Quality of rainwater harvesting in urban systems: case study in Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Morales-Pinzón ◽  
M. I. García-Serna ◽  
M. T. Flórez-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Fibre Cement ◽  
Alternative Water

An analysis of the utilisation and quality of rainwater in different collection systems located in the Pereira–Dosquebradas (Colombia) conurbation was conducted to evaluate the conditions in these systems and thus determine whether rainwater is safe water for domestic, commercial and industrial purposes. The quality of rainwater and its relation to selected variables (roofing material, material deposits, piping material and amount of precipitation) were evaluated. Six buildings with different types of roofing (zinc, polycarbonate or fibre cement) that have installed systems to capture rainwater were selected for the evaluation. According to the results, the sampled water is suitable for different uses. In cities, rainwater can be adapted and eventually used as an alternative water source, thereby reducing dependence on local and external sources.

Physicochemical Analysis of Roof Runoffs from the Obuasi Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei Akoto ◽  
Fredrick Appiah ◽  
Nathaniel Owusu Boadi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The People ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Roofing Materials ◽  
Clay Tiles

The quality of surface and ground water in the Obuasi municipality is poor due to the vigorous mining activities taking place in this area. Harvesting rainwater has become an alternative source of domestic water supply to the inhabitants, but there are no reports on their quality. In this study, runoff samples were taken from four different roofing materials in three communities and analyzed for the following parameters Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr Zn, Al, NO3−, SO42-, PO42- and Cl− using standard procedures in order to determine their impact on the quality of the harvested water. The results reveal that, the type of roofing material used for the harvest did influence the quality of the runoffs. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were high in samples from asbestos and clay tiles roofing materials than that of the metal sheets. Asbestos and clay tiles roofing materials pose more environmental risk than other roofs investigated in this study, hence should not be used to harvest rainwater for domestic purposes. The orders in which the roofs are liable of releasing metals into the runoffs are: Cr (ceramic > asbestos > metal sheet), and Zn and Al (metal sheet > asbestos > ceramic tiles). Clay tiles which have rough surfaces do retain contaminants than the metal roofs which are smooth. The levels of some of the metals were above the permissible limits and are health hazards especially for the people who used the harvested water for domestic purposes.

The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Jin ◽  
Lina Jia ◽  
Xiaojuan Yin ◽  
Shilin Wei ◽  
Guiping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Role Of Information

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.

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