scholarly journals Influence of climate, building and residential factors on radon levels in ground-floor dwellings in Montenegro

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Perko Vukotic ◽  
Nevenka Antovic ◽  
Ranko Zekic ◽  
Andrija Djurovic ◽  
Tomislav Andjelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Window Frames ◽  
Radon Concentrations

After year-long measurements with CR-39 detectors, nationwide radon survey was performed in 953 homes - 0.5% of all permanently inhabited dwellings in Montenegro. Influence of 11 factors (area, climate, type of house, year of construction, basement, foundation slab, number of stories, building materials, window frames, heating and smoking) and 35 their categories on the radon concentrations in 732 ground-floor dwellings was analyzed using descriptive, univariate and multivariate methods. Univariate analysis dropped influence of the two factors - heating and smoking. It reveals that, on average, radon concentrations in ground-floor dwellings differ at 95% confidence level in urban and rural areas, in family houses and apartment buildings, in houses with and without basement, and in dwellings with window frames made of wood and PVC/Al. In Cf climate zone they differ from those in Cs and Df zones. Only two pairs of construction periods differ in mean radon concentrations in dwellings: 1980-1999 with 1900-1944, and with 1964-1979. Houses with one, two or three stories have almost equal average radon levels, which are higher than in buildings with more than three stories. Mean value of radon concentrations in houses made of stone are higher than in houses made of concrete, or bricks, or wood. Multivariate analysis revealed that six of the analyzed factors - area, climate, type of house, presence of basement, number of stories and building materials simultaneously have significant relationships (p < 0.05) with radon concentrations in dwellings on ground floor in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Radon on the ground floor in the buildings of pre-university education in Montenegro

Nukleonika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perko Vukotic ◽  
Ranko Zekic ◽  
Tomislav Andjelic ◽  
Nikola Svrkota ◽  
Andrija Djurovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
University Education ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Window Frames ◽  
Radon Concentrations

AbstractA national radon survey was performed recently in all buildings of pre-university education in Montenegro. During the school year 2016/2017, radon (222Rn) was measured with passive detectors (Radosys, RSFV type) in 2855 ground-floor rooms of 468 buildings. The average 9-month radon activity concentrations above the level of 300 Bq/m3 were found in 728 rooms, which belong to 213 buildings, while in 111 rooms, belonging to 47 buildings, they were above 1000 Bq/m3. Radon concentrations in the educational buildings, averaged over all sampled ground-floor rooms in a building, range from 16 Bq/m3 to 2810 Bq/m3, with arithmetic mean (AM) = 275 Bq/m3. They follow a log-normal distribution with geometric mean (GM) = 174 Bq/m3 and geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 2.58. There are 135 buildings with average indoor radon concentrations on the ground floor above 300 Bq/m3 and 18 buildings where they are above 1000 Bq/m3. The influence of the nine factors (climate, urban/rural area, age of building, number of stories, building materials, basement, foundation slab, window frames, and heating) on radon concentrations in the buildings was analysed by univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) methods. The univariate analysis revealed the significant relationship of the four factors: age of buildings, basement, building materials, and window frames with radon concentrations on the ground floor in the buildings, while multivariate analysis added to those factors urban/rural area and number of stories, but excluded building materials as a factor influencing significantly radon concentrations.

scholarly journals Compression Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Cellular Light Weight Concrete Masonry Prism

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Srinivasan Ramanagopal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractSustainable development of the built environment in developing countries is a major challenge in the 21st century. The use of local materials in the construction of buildings is one of the potential ways to support sustainable development in both urban and rural areas where burnt clay bricks are used predominantly. This work focuses mainly on the use of polypropylene micro fibers in ordinary Cellular Lightweight Concrete blocks. The main objective is to develop a high-performance fibre reinforced cellular concrete to provide a better alternative than clay bricks for structural applications of masonry. This paper presents the stress-strain behaviour of polypropylene fibre reinforced Cellular Lightweight Concrete stack bonded prisms under axial compression. Masonry compressive strength is typically obtained by testing stack bonded prisms under compression normal to its bed joint. Use of micro-fibres enhances the pre-cracking behaviour of masonry by arresting cracks at micro-scale in the post-peak region. These efforts are necessary to ensure that CLC blocks become more accepted in the world of building materials and considered as a reliable option for providing low-cost housing.

scholarly journals EMPYAK RAGUMAN, TRADISI DAN ESTETIKA RUMAH TRADISIONAL JAWA YANG SEMAKIN MEMUDAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Vincentia Reni Vitasurya ◽  
Purwanto Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Traditional Communities

Abstract: Traditional Javanese houses known for their rich traditions are symbolized by the use of ornaments, construction and building materials. Empty raguman is one of the architectural elements of a Javanese house, in the form of an inner roof coating that functions as a ceiling. The sweetness made of bamboo blades arranged in a certain pattern is a symbol of the level of socio-economic ability of the homeowner. Its existence functions aesthetically and describes a strong tradition. The tradition of making empyak began with processing bamboo, assembling and installing fish is a manifestation of the value of mutual cooperation in Javanese society in the past. At present, empyak raguman is rarely found in traditional Javanese houses built in the modern era. The loss of this element is due to changes in the lifestyle of traditional communities in urban and rural areas. This paper aims to review the beauty of tradition, tradition and aesthetics in Javanese homes. The method used is literature review and its comparison with the practice of implementing it in some cases of traditional houses. The tradition of putting up a lot of raguman has not been carried out anymore, but the existence of empiri raguman which is still preserved is a symbol of pride for traditional homeowners. The results of this study are one of the inputs to preserve traditional values in Javanese houses.Keywords: empyak raguman, javanese house, traditional architecture, tradition, aestheticsAbstrak: Rumah tradisional Jawa dikenal kaya tradisi yang disimbolkan melalui penggunaan ornamen, konstruksi dan bahan bangunan. Empyak raguman adalah salah satu elemen arsitektur rumah Jawa, berupa pelapis atap bagian dalam yang berfungsi sebagai langit – langit. Empyak raguman terbuat dari bilah bambu yang disusun dengan pola tertentu menjadi simbol dari tingkatan kemampuan sosial ekonomi pemilik rumah. Keberadaannya berfungsi secara estetika dan menggambarkan tradisi yang kuat. Tradisi pembuatan empyak dimulai dengan pengolahan bambu, merangkai dan memasang empyak merupakan perwujudan nilai gotong royong masyarakat Jawa di masa lalu. Saat ini, empyak raguman jarang ditemukan pada rumah tradisional Jawa yang dibangun pada era modern. Hilangnya elemen ini karena perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat tradisional di perkotaan dan di perdesaan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengulas kembali empyak raguman, tradisi dan estetikanya dalam rumah Jawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dan komparasinya dengan praktek pelaksanaannya pada beberapa kasus rumah tradisional. Tradisi memasang empyak raguman sudah tidak dijalankan lagi namun keberadaan empyak raguman yang masih terpelihara menjadi simbol kebanggaan bagi pemilik rumah tradisional. Hasil kajian ini menjadi salah satu masukan untuk melestarikan nilai – nilai tradisional pada rumah Jawa.Kata Kunci: empyak raguman, rumah Jawa, arsitektur tradisional, tradisi, estetika

Research about the General Applicability of Ecological Rural House in the Guanzhong Region of North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2866-2870
Author(s):  
Liao Liao Xi ◽  
Yan Di Zhu ◽  
Peng Fei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Pan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
North China ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

When China is vigorously urging the development of western area and the construction of new village, how to improve living standards of the famers at the same time to maximize the energy saving and the reduction of building materials using is one of the important problems that need to be solved. Based on the survey and research of the rural house in the Guanzhong region of north china, paper explores and analyzes the orientation, architectural style, layout, natural ventilation etc. Then arrive at the general applicability of ecological and energy-saving rural house in the Guanzhong region under the concept of ecological design. In the wake of the help of generally applicable design program, can provide some reference for the current rural house construction, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Zum variationslinguistischen Verhältnis von Stadt und Land.

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-329
Author(s):  
Simon Pickl ◽  
Simon Pröll ◽  
Stephan Elspaß
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exact Relationship ◽  
Topological Models

In this paper, we explore the geolinguistic relationship between urban and rural areas through the conceptualisation and modeling of spatial topologies. Geolinguistic topologies concern the structure of the mutual linguistic relationship between localities. They can be defined either deductively or on the basis of empirical data and represent the linguistic similarities or distances between localities. We operationalise and apply several such topological models to Austrian data from the Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache (AdA), a linguistic atlas documenting colloquial German using crowd-sourcing methods. The results are evaluated on the basis of statistical examination and of visualisations of the topological relationships predicted by the models. It is confirmed that linguistic similarity is determined both by geographical distance and by the distribution of population, but the exact relationship is complex: Not only do smaller geographic distances on the one hand and higher population numbers on the other hand bring about increased linguistic similarity; the relevance of these two factors for linguistic similarity varies with population size, too, such that linguistic relationships between cities are determined more by their size and less by their distance, while for smaller locations the opposite is true. Hence, no single topological model can be identified as superior; instead, the individual models emphasise different aspects of the linguistic relationship between urban and regional language usage.

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