scholarly journals Novel infectious diseases in europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Dajana Lendak ◽  
Tomislav Preveden ◽  
Nadica Kovacevic ◽  
Slavica Tomic ◽  
Maja Ruzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Virus Zika

Introduction. The end of 20th and beginning of 21st century is marked by the discovery of new, supercontagious and fast spreading viral diseases. Since 1967, more than 40 new agents have been identified, including human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola, Marburg fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome, hepatitis C, hepatitis E viruses and Zika virus. Modern lifestyle, availability and speed of air traffic, migrations, as well as climate changes, enable faster spreading of infectious diseases from the regions that were hardly reachable. We selected a few diseases that raised the greatest attention among experts and public in general. Ebola. Ebola virus raises anxiety due to high mortality and fast spreading by using inter-human contact. Zika virus. Zika virus, that most often causes mild symptoms, is potentially responsible for microcephaly in neonates. Dengue. Dengue virus is an ?old story?, but in last decades incidence has multiplied by 30. West Nile virus. Although discovered in 1937, West Nile virus has been found exclusively in rural parts of Africa, while nowadays it represents one of the most important etiological factors of viral meningo-encephalitis all over the world. Hepatitis E. Today it is well-known that hepatitis E virus can cause not only acute viral hepatitis but also potentially blood-transmitted chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised, as well as some neurological disorders. Conclusion. One of the scientific challenges in the future will certainly be the discovery of available and cost-effective diagnostic tests, as well as efficient and safe vaccines for these diseases. Up to now, efficient prophylaxis is available only for Denga virus.

Simultaneous detection of Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus and West Nile virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Boga ◽  
Marta E. Alvarez-Arguelles ◽  
Susana Rojo-Alba ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez ◽  
María de Oña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Zika

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety of West Nile Virus Immunity During Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Acklin ◽  
Javier D. Cattle ◽  
Arianna S. Moss ◽  
Julia A. Brown ◽  
Gregory A. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Maternal Brain ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Virus Zika ◽  
Murine Pregnancy

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon that occurs when cross-reactive antibodies generated from a previous flaviviral infection increase the pathogenesis of a related virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) is the most recent flavivirus introduced to the Western Hemisphere and has become a significant public health threat due to the unanticipated impact on the developing fetus. West Nile virus (WNV) is the primary flavivirus that circulates in North America, and we and others have shown that antibodies against WNV are cross-reactive to ZIKV. Thus, there is concern that WNV immunity could increase the risk of severe ZIKV infection, particularly during pregnancy. In this study, we examined the extent to which WNV antibodies could impact ZIKV pathogenesis in a murine pregnancy model. To test this, we passively transferred WNV antibodies into pregnant Stat2-/- mice on E6.5 prior to infection with ZIKV. Evaluation of pregnant dams showed weight loss following ZIKV infection; however, no differences in maternal weights or viral loads in the maternal brain, spleen, or spinal cord were observed in the presence of WNV antibodies. Resorption rates, and other fetal parameters, including fetal and placental size, were similarly unaffected. Further, the presence of WNV antibodies did not significantly alter the viral load or the inflammatory response in the placenta or the fetus in response to ZIKV. Our data suggest that pre-existing WNV immunity may not significantly impact the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Our findings are promising for the safety of implementing WNV vaccines in the continental US.

scholarly journals Virus Zika (ZIKV): Struktur, Patogenesis, Diagnosis Laboratorium, dan Pencegahan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Ade Wilan Krisna
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Virus West Nile ◽  
Virus Zika ◽  
Guillain Barré

Virus Zika (ZIKV) adalah flavivirus yang berhubungan dengan dengue, virus demam kuning, virus Japanese encephalitis dan virus west nile. Virus tersebut menyebabkan infeksi melalui gigitan nyamuk yang dikenal sebagai demam zika atau penyakit zika. Virus zika baru-baru ini menarik perhatian dunia pada pertengahan tahun 2016 karena adanya explosive pandemic di berbagai negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian telah menemukan bukti bahwa Zika dapat berhubungan dengan cacat kelahiran dan kondisi syaraf seperti microcephaly dan sindrom Guillain-Barre pada orang dewasa. Kata kunci: Zika virus, flavivirus, microcephaly, Guillain-Barre Syndrome

scholarly journals Antiviral Properties of the Natural Polyphenols Delphinidin and Epigallocatechin Gallate against the Flaviviruses West Nile Virus, Zika Virus, and Dengue Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Vázquez-Calvo ◽  
Nereida Jiménez de Oya ◽  
Miguel A. Martín-Acebes ◽  
Emilia Garcia-Moruno ◽  
Juan-Carlos Saiz
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Virus Zika

scholarly journals Extinction of West Nile Virus by Favipiravir through Lethal Mutagenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Escribano-Romero ◽  
Nereida Jiménez de Oya ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Juan Carlos Saiz
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lethal Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutant Spectrum

ABSTRACT Favipiravir is an antiviral agent effective against several RNA viruses. The drug has been shown to protect mice against experimental infection with a lethal dose of West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis for which no antiviral therapy has been licensed; however, the mechanism of action of the drug is still not well understood. Here, we describe the potent in vitro antiviral activity of favipiravir against WNV, showing that it decreases virus-specific infectivity and drives the virus to extinction. Two passages of WNV in the presence of 1 mM favipiravir—a concentration that is more than 10-fold lower than its 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50)—resulted in a significant increase in mutation frequency in the mutant spectrum and in a bias toward A→G and G→A transitions relative to the population passaged in the absence of the drug. These data, together with the fact that the drug is already licensed in Japan against influenza virus and in a clinical trial against Ebola virus, point to favipiravir as a promising antiviral agent to fight medically relevant flaviviral infections, such as that caused by WNV.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Progress Toward West Nile Virus Vaccine Development

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn A. Kaiser ◽  
Alan D.T. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Human Vaccine

Although West Nile virus (WNV) has been a prominent mosquito-transmitted infection in North America for twenty years, no human vaccine has been licensed. With a cumulative number of 24,714 neurological disease cases and 2314 deaths in the U.S. since 1999, plus a large outbreak in Europe in 2018 involving over 2000 human cases in 15 countries, a vaccine is essential to prevent continued morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Currently, four veterinary vaccines are licensed, and six vaccines have progressed into clinical trials in humans. All four veterinary vaccines require multiple primary doses and annual boosters, but for a human vaccine to be protective and cost effective in the most vulnerable older age population, it is ideal that the vaccine be strongly immunogenic with only a single dose and without subsequent annual boosters. Of six human vaccine candidates, the two live, attenuated vaccines were the only ones that elicited strong immunity after a single dose. As none of these candidates have yet progressed beyond phase II clinical trials, development of new candidate vaccines and improvement of vaccination strategies remains an important area of research.

scholarly journals Planning for the unexpected: Ebola virus, Zika virus, what's next?

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Welfare ◽  
Edward Wright
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Zika

scholarly journals DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF EXTRACTION AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF QUERCETIN AGAINST VIRUSES SUCH AS CORONAVIRUS, INFLUENZA VIRUS, EBOLA VIRUS, ZIKA VIRUS, AND OTHER VIRUSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
DALILA ABDESSEMED
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Zika

Quercetin (QCT) is a flavonoid, existed as a pigment in various plants. It is a bioactive compound that has a favorable effect on human health. Our work concerns the selection of different rapid techniques for QCT extraction, published on the different scientific databases, as ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction process, supercritical CO2 extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and consists of researching the antiviral activity of QCT and derivatives against viruses such as coronaviruses, influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, Epstein-Barr virus gastric tumor, anti-hepatitis B virus, Zika virus, and Ebola. Following this research, we found that this molecule has a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Is it effective in controlling this new form of coronavirus, this devastating virus, which currently affects thousands of people?

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