scholarly journals Dietary regimens for persons with type 2 diabetes: Recommendations, issues and potential solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Vojislav Stanojevic ◽  
Marija Jevtic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Therapy

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem. Altered dietary habits and modern lifestyle lead to obesity and insulin resistance, the main factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. Dietary Regimens for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. There is no consensus on the most appropriate dietary therapy for glycemic control and long-term weight loss. Individualized approach, based on metabolic needs and goals of each patient, is recommended. Because of the relationship between the body mass and insulin resistance, permanent weight loss is the strategy recom?mended to obese patients with diabetes. Permanent weight loss is achieved by reducing caloric intake and increased physical activity. Issues. Although careful nutrition is an essential control element of this disease, most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus consider dietary recommendations too restrictive and reject them, leading to poor glycemic control in over 60% of patients. The feeling of frustration and hopelessness, fear that they will be deprived of their favourite foods, fear that treatment of diabetes will negatively affect their social life, lead to escapism into forbidden foods. Potential solutions. Understanding, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients about the importance of dietary regimens in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are crucial in the new approach of education and public health policies that will support wider acceptance of dietary habits and lead to a better control of the disease. Providing more quality time between doctors and patients for better communication is part of this comprehensive approach, which is the only way to stop the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Lipid Profile with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Angiesta Pinakesty ◽  
Restu Noor Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not caused by lack of insulin secretion, but is caused by the failure of the body's cells to respond to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance was found to be a major contributor to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in DM risks 2 to 4 times higher than non-DM. Although dyslipidemia has a great risk for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this conventional risk factor only explains a portion (25%) of excess cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM. Discussion: In uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, LDL oxidation occurs faster which results from an increase in chronic blood glucose levels. Glycemic control as a determinant of DM progressivity is determined through HbA1c examination. HbA1c levels are associated with blood triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, triglyceride levels are associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. HbA1c levels are also associated with LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lipid profile and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.   Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, glycemic control, lipid profile

Effects of Pinitol on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance and Adipocytokine Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Kang Seo Park ◽  
Seong Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung Wan Min ◽  
Kyung Ah Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control

scholarly journals Effects of Encapsulated Propolis on Blood Glycemic Control, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Li ◽  
Minli Chen ◽  
Hongzhuan Xuan ◽  
Fuliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein

The present study investigates the encapsulated propolis on blood glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The animal characteristics and biological assays of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin act index (IAI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that oral administration of encapsulated propolis can significantly inhibit the increasing of FBG and TG in T2DM rats and can improve IAI and M value in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp experiment. There was no significant effects on body weight, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in T2DM rats treated with encapsulated propolis. In conclusion, the results indicate that encapsulated propolis can control blood glucose, modulate lipid metabolism, and improve the insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats.

scholarly journals The insulin resistance indices: necessity and opportunities in type 2 diabetes mellitus management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sorokina ◽  
O. V. Zanozina ◽  
A. D. Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

The article provides a review of the literature on the possibilities of using various indices of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. The main mechanisms of insulin resistance and its role in the formation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders are described. The main indices of insulin resistance, used in real clinical practice nowadays, are considered. Methods of their calculation are given. The effect of metformin and incretin active medications on insulin resistance is described. It was shown that the combination of these medications improves tissue sensitivity to insulin in patients with T2DM. Standard indicators for assessing glycemic control, such as fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), do not reflect the patient’s lipid metabolism. The use of insulin resistance assessment indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allows both, exercising glycemic control, and the metabolic disorders, often associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, monitoring. Using insulin resistance indices, it is possible to select the optimal treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes mellitus for a particular patient, to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in dynamics. Simple, generally available laboratory indicators and anthropometric data are used to calculate the indices of insulin resistance, and they are easy to measure. In this regard, the use of insulin resistance indices is possible in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Adipokines Levels with Glycemic Control and Metabolic Dyslipidemia in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Babiikir Eltahir ◽  
Elmahadi Mohamed Ali ◽  
Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
P Value

Abstract Background:The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to two major abnormalities including insulin resistance and dysfunction, which lead to the inability to regulate blood glucose level. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue and it takes part in glucose metabolism with insulin-sensitising properties. Low levels of adiponectin leads to reduction of fatty acid oxidation decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and increased level of free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance. Leptin is another adipokine produced by adipose tissue involved in the control of food intake via its action on the hypothalamus, suppressing appetite and stimulating energy expenditure. Leptin plays a critical role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum adipokines levels with glycemic control and metabolic dyslipidemia in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This was a case control study. 202 patients with type 2 diabetes and 102 non-diabetic controls participated after signing written consent. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured thenthe body mass index (kg/m2) was determined. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fasting. FBG, HbA1c and lipid profiles were measured using enzymatic methods. Adiponectin and leptin were measured using sandwich ELISA.Results: Adiponectin concentrations was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the controls (p<0.001) and it was inversely correlated with HbA1c (Pearson Correlation -.160, P value = 0.005), total cholesterol and LDL levels (P = 0.05) and direct correlated HDL levels (P = 0.05). Leptin concentrations was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the controls (p<0.002) and it was positively correlated with HbA1c (Pearson Correlation .155, P value = 0.02), total cholesterol and LDL levels (P = 0.05), there were no correlation with HDL and TG levels. Patients had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol and LDL levels compared with the controls. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had decreased levels of serum adiponectin, high levels of serum leptin. There were significant correlations found between adiponectin and leptin levels with glycemic control and metabolic dyslipidemia

Effectiveness of the Low Carb Program digital intervention to instigate and sustain self-management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in an NHS England GP practice: service evaluation of real-world data (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Summers ◽  
Simon Tobin ◽  
David Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real World ◽  
Self Management

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus has serious health consequences, including blindness, amputation, and stroke. There is increasing evidence that type 2 diabetes may be effectively treated with a carbohydrate-reduced diet. Digital apps are increasingly used as an adjunct to traditional health care provisions to support behaviour change and remote self-management of long-term health conditions. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the real-world 12-month outcomes of patients prescribed the Low Carb Program (LCP) digital health at a primary care NHS site, Norwood Surgery in Southport, United Kingdom. The Low Carb Program is a nutritionally focused, digitally delivered behaviour change intervention for glycemic control and weight loss for adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We evaluated the real-world, self-reported outcomes of patients referred to the Low Carb Program by doctors at an NHS GP surgery in Southport, United Kingdom. All of the NHS patients referred to the program were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes and given the program at no cost (N=45; mean age 54.8, SD 13.2 years; 42% (19/45) women; mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 56.7 mmol/mol (range 42.1mmol/mol - 96.7mmol/mol); mean body weight 89.4 kg (SD 13.8 kg). RESULTS Of the 100 people offered the program 45 participants enrolled, all of them (100%) activated their accounts and 37 (82.2%) individuals self-reported outcomes at 12-months. Of those who enrolled 45 (100%) patients completed at least 40% of the lessons, 32 (71.1%) individuals completed >9 out of 12 core lessons of the program. Glycemic control and weight loss improved, particularly for participants who completed >9 of the 12 core lessons in the program over 12-months; mean HbA1c went from 58.8 mmol/mol at baseline to 54.0 mmol/mol (4.78 mmol/mol, SD 4.60), t(31)=5.87, p<0.001) and reported an average 4.17% total body weight reduction with an average reduction of 3.85kg (SD 2.35), t(31)=9.27, p<0.001) at the 12-month follow up point. CONCLUSIONS Though the data presented here has several limitations, the use of a digital app prescribed to adults with T2DM or prediabetes in a primary care setting supporting a transition to a low carbohydrate diet appears to show significant improvements in glycaemic control and weight loss. Further research to understand more about factors affecting engagement and further positive health implications would be valuable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document