scholarly journals Bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Preveden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis

Introduction. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by a reduced defensive reaction to bacterial infections and patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of developing infections, sepsis and death. The most common bacterial infections in these patients are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection and bacteremia. The most common causes are Gram negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, localization and etiology of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 401 patients with liver cirrhosis hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina Novi Sad in the period from 2006 to 2010. Bacterial infection was diagnosed according to clinical examination, laboratory findings, radiological examination and bacterial positive culture. Results. The prevalence of bacterial infection was 38.15% (153/401). The most common infections were pneumonia (21.56%), urinary tract infection (20.91%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (18.95%). Localization of infection remained undetermined in as many as 37 patients (24.18%). Bacterial cultures were positive in 32 patients (20.91%), Gram negative bacteria were commonly isolated, mostly Escherichia coli (71.87%). The mortality rate among patients with bacterial infections was 31.37% (48/153). Conclusion. Bacterial infections are often found in patients with liver cirrhosis, the most frequent being pneumonia, urinary tract infection and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gram negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli were predominant in the etiology. The extent to which bacterial infections are taken into consideration in cases with liver cirrhosis is rather high; however, they are not proved etiologically to the satisfactory level.

scholarly journals Bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Bojana Markovic-Zivkovic ◽  
Goran Bjelakovic ◽  
Aleksandar Nagorni ◽  
Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov ◽  
Bratislav Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Abdominal Paracentesis

Introduction. Bacterial infections are common complications and the cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. There is no standard method for a rapid and low-cost diagnosis, and its prognosis is poor. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and frequency of bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology, and the influence of bacterial infections on the prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Methods. Sixty-four patients with cirrhosis and ascites were included in the study. The diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was established based on the diagnostic abdominal paracentesis and the results of biochemical, cytological and microbiologic analysis of ascitic fluid. The diagnosis of urinary infection and pneumonia were made according to the standard criteria. Results. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed in 23 (35.9%) patients, urinary infections in 16 (25%) and pneumonia in 11 (17.2%). Gram positive and gram negative bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were etiologically almost equally represented (52%; 48%). The most frequent causes were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In 81% of patients urinary infections were caused by gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli in 44%). The most frequent cause of pneumonia was Streptococcus pneumoniae (46%). Conclusion. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary infections and bronchopneumonia are the most frequent bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. A timely recognition of bacterial infections and the initiation of treatment have a positive effect on the prognosis of such patients.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Gram Negative Bacteria among Hospital and Community Acquired UTI Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Md. Badrul Islam ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Md. Shahjahan Chowdhury ◽  
AFM Arshaedi Sattar ◽  
Samia Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Community Patients

Background: Gram negative bacteria create a great problem during the treatment of urinary tract infection patients. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and distribution of Gram negative bacteria among the UTI patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from June 2007 to May 2008 for a period of 1(one) year. All the patients presented with the clinically suspected UTI at any age with both sexes were selected as study population. Patients who were hospitalized for at least 2 days or more received different antibiotics were designated as hospital acquired UTI; on the other hand patients who were attended in OPD for the first time were considered as community acquired UTI patients. All urine samples were inoculated in Blood agar and MacConkeys agar media. Gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Result: A total of 220 urine samples were collected from patients suspected to urinary tract infections of which 116 samples were from hospitalized patients and 104 samples were from community patients. Among 220 samples, 132(60.0%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated of which 88(66.7%) isolates were from hospitalized acquired UTI and 44(33.3%) bacteria were isolated from community acquired UTI patients. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.0001). In hospitalized patients out of 88(75.9%) isolated Gram negative bacteria, 67(76.1%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 10(11.4%) isolates were Klebsiella species, 5(5.7%) isolates were Proteus species and 6(6.8%) isolates were Pseudomonas species. Among the isolated bacteria 44(42.3%) bacterial isolates were from community patients of which 36(81.8%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 4(9.1 %) isolates were Klebsiella species, 2(4.5%) isolates were Proteus species and 2(4.5%) bacteria were Pseudomonas species. Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that considerable numbers of Gram negative bacteria were detected from urinary tract infection cases.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014;1(2):24-26

Psoas abscess and bacterial peritonitis caused by urinary tract infection in a patient of liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Kamikado ◽  
Shuuhei Taguchi ◽  
Tomomi Wakiyama ◽  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Osamu Sawatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Psoas Abscess ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis

Prevalence of Fluroquinolone and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance among the Patients With Urinary Tract Infection Due to Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Chowdhury MJ ◽  
Faruque CMO ◽  
Noor J ◽  
Rouf CM ◽  
Hossain MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has become the most frequent bacterial infections worldwide. It is well established that Escherichia coli is the predominant cause of UTI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin among the patients with UTI due to E.Coli and to assess the potential correlation between both trends. Methods: The study was a cross sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Women’s Medical College and Hospital from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Results: A total of 246 urine samples were collected from patients with UTI followed by isolation and identification of E.coli strains. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance analysis was performed by the disc diffusion method employing multiple antibiotic discs. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition around the disc. Overall rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin were 70.31% and 65.10% respectively. The rates of co-resistance to both fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin was 53.13%. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fluroquinolone should be reserved and third generation cephalosporin should be used with caution among patients with E.coli.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases in Hospitalized Patents and Community Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Md Badrul Islam ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Samia Afrin ◽  
Md Abul Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Community Patients

Objectives: This study was carried out to detect extended spectrum B-lactamases (ESBLs) among Gram negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients and community patients (OPD) by double disc synergy test and phenotypic confirmatory test. Methodology: This cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology. Dhaka National Medical College, over a period of 1 (one) year 2016. Urine samples were collected from patients. Urine samples were from hospitalized patients and community patients. Samples were collected from in-patient and outpatient department of Dhaka National Medical College Hospital having clinical symptoms of microbial infection. Samples were collected from both sexes and different age groups. Result: Total 220 urine samples were collected from suspected cases of urinary tract infection. Total 132 (60%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated from these patients as causative agents. Among the isolates, 88 (75.86%) in hospitalized patients and 44 (42.31%) in community patients were isolated. Out of 132 Gram negative bacteria, 31 (23.48%) were ESBL producers. The percentage of ESBL producing bacteria was (31.81%) in hospitalized patients and (6.82%) in community patients. Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that considerable numbers of ESBL producing bacteria were detected from urinary tract infection cases. These cases indicate ESBLs will be major threat for antibiotic therapy. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2018;5(2):61-64

scholarly journals C - reactive protein and urinary tract infection due to Gram-negative bacteria in a pediatric population at a tertiary hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3217-3224
Author(s):  
Martha F Mushi ◽  
Vaileth G Alex ◽  
Mwanaisha Seugendo ◽  
Vitus Silago ◽  
Stephen E Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Gram-negative bacteria are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. There is limited data on UTI systemic response as measured using C-reactive protein (CRP). Here, we report the association of CRP and UTI among children attending the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2017. Urine and blood were collected and processed within an hour of collection. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.Results: Of 250 enrolled children, 76(30.4%) had significant bacteriuria with 56(22.4%, 95%CI; 11.5-33.3) having gram-negative bacteria infection. There was dual growth of gram-negative bacteria in 3 patients. Escherichia coli (32.2%, 19/59) was the most frequently pathogen detected. A total of 88/250(35.2%) children had positive CRP on qualitative assay. By multinomial logistic regression, positive CRP (RRR=4.02, 95%CI: 2.1-7.7, P<0.001) and age ≤ 2years (RRR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.23-4.73, P<0.01) significantly predicted the presence of significant bacteriuria due to gram-negative enteric bacteria. Conclusion: C-reactive protein was significantly positive among children with UTI due to gram-negative bacteria and those with fever. In children with age ≤ 2 years, positive CRP indicates UTI due to gram-negative enteric bacteria.Keywords: C - reactive protein, urinary tract infection, Gram-negative bacteria, Mwanza, Tanzania.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2820-2830
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Recently, the world's problem has become in the spread of microbes and the extent of their impact on public health, especially the problem of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to clarify the extent of infection of the urinary tract and the extent of development of these microbes in resistance to antibiotics (antibiotic susceptibility pattern). The pathogens are isolated from hospitals and private medical centers. In this study, two hundred twenty-five urine samples were collected from various sources, where 126 patients were infected with bacteria while 99 patients had no infection. In Gram-negative bacteria, the most common bacteria were E. coli (55.5%) followed by Klebsiella spp (23.0%), Proteus spp (7.14%), Pseudomonas spp (6.34%), and Acinetobacter spp (3.96%). In the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp (2.38%) and Enterococcus spp (1.58%) were found. Antibiotic susceptibilities for Gram-negative and positive bacteria were investigated according to clinical laboratory standard institute(CLSI 2019). In Gram-negative bacteria, Amikcin, Impinem, and levofloxacin were sensitive. However, in Gram-positive bacteria, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and linezolid were sensitive. At the same time, most of the remaining antibiotics are 100% resistant to pathogenic-bacterial isolates. This study showed bacteria that are isolated from urine which causing urinary tract infection and showed resistance to almost all antibiotics, so UTI is difficult to treat by common antibiotics.

scholarly journals Garlic as Alternative Therapy to Treat Uropathogene Bacteria in Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Lomé, Togo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banfitebiyi Gambogou ◽  
Abdoul Karim Ouattara ◽  
Essodolom Taale ◽  
Simplice D. Karou ◽  
Yaovi A. Ameyapoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Time Kill

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection, especially in women. The increased incidence of UTIs, at the last decades have paralleled with the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance. The aim is to evaluate aqueous garlic extract (AGE) susceptibility against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated in urine of women. The investigation of antibacterial propriety and time kill effect of AGE was performed by the well method, microdilution method and spectrophotometer assay. Antibiotics susceptibility assay revealed that the nine MDR bacteria had high resistance against Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (100%) and Erythromycin (100%), Cefotaxime (83.33%) and Ceftazidime (83.33%). AGE exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the nine MDR bacteria tested. In Gram-negative bacteria, the inhibition diameters ranged from 20 &plusmn; 3 to 32 &plusmn; 4 mm, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) ranging from 10% to 12.5% (w/v) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBCs) was 12.5 % (w/v). Gram-positive bacteria exhibited diameters ranging from 38 &plusmn; 2 to 45 &plusmn; 1 mm; MIC and MBC values ranged from 05 to 10 % (w/v) and were found more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria. To conclude, this investigation shown that AGE have high potential antibacterial to use as an alternative to treat women UTIs.

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