scholarly journals Anthropometric indicators of mass and distribution of adipose tissue in the assessment of cardiovascular and diabetes risk in women

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rastovic ◽  
Biljana Srdic-Galic ◽  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Dejan Sakac ◽  
Milena Mikalacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Values

Introduction. From the clinical and epidemiological point of view it is very important to define easily measurable and simple anthropometric parameters of mass and distribution of adipose tissue that will also be good predictors of future complications of obesity. The aim of our study was to correlate anthropometric indicators of mass and distribution of adipose tissue with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 155 women aged 45.4?13.04y. The anthropometric measurements were performed in order to assess adipose tissue mass and its specific distribution. The 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was assessed by using two score-systems: Framingham and Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study, while the 10-year risk of development of diabetes was assessed by QDScore system. Results. According to our results, the waist-to-stature ratio was the best predictor of cardiovascular and diabetes risk (r=0.617-0.780; AUC=0.872). The estimated cut-off value for the waist-to-stature ratio in cardiovascular and diabetes risk prediction was 0.486. Apart from the waist-to-stature ratio, the body mass index, body fat mass, waist circumference and indicators of upper extremity adiposity also correlated strongly with the assessed risk. The anthropometric indicators of lower body adiposity had no significant diagnostic values. Conclusion. The waistto-stature ratio is the best anthropometric indicator of cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis ◽  
Alinny Rosendo Isaac ◽  
Hércules Rezende Freitas ◽  
Mariana Macedo de Almeida ◽  
Patricia Fernanda Schuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Major Player

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important brain modulatory network. ECS regulates brain homeostasis throughout development, from progenitor fate decision to neuro- and gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, brain plasticity and circuit repair, up to learning, memory, fear, protection, and death. It is a major player in the hypothalamic-peripheral system-adipose tissue in the regulation of food intake, energy storage, nutritional status, and adipose tissue mass, consequently affecting obesity. Loss of ECS control might affect mood disorders (anxiety, hyperactivity, psychosis, and depression), lead to drug abuse, and impact neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, Huntington, Multiple, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum) disorders. Practice of regular physical and/or mind-body mindfulness and meditative activities have been shown to modulate endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, in addition to other players as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ECS is involved in pain, inflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions, general immune responses (asthma, allergy, and arthritis) and tumor expansion, both/either in the brain and/or in the periphery. The reason for such a vast impact is the fact that arachidonic acid, a precursor of eCBs, is present in every membrane cell of the body and on demand eCBs synthesis is regulated by electrical activity and calcium shifts. Novel lipid (lipoxins and resolvins) or peptide (hemopressin) players of the ECS also operate as regulators of physiological allostasis. Indeed, the presence of cannabinoid receptors in intracellular organelles as mitochondria or lysosomes, or in nuclear targets as PPARγ might impact energy consumption, metabolism and cell death. To live a better life implies in a vigilant ECS, through healthy diet selection (based on a balanced omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), weekly exercises and meditation therapy, all of which regulating eCBs levels, surrounded by a constructive social network. Cannabidiol, a diet supplement has been a major player with anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antioxidant activities. Cognitive challenges and emotional intelligence might strengthen the ECS, which is built on a variety of synapses that modify human behavior. As therapeutically concerned, the ECS is essential for maintaining homeostasis and cannabinoids are promising tools to control innumerous targets.

Effect of lateral hypothalamic lesions on regulation of body weight and adiposity in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. R337-R343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Milam ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
L. H. Storlien ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Body Compartments

Obese and lean Zucker rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) at 10 wk of age; control obese and lean rats were sham lesioned. After lesioning the body weights of both obese and lean animals were first reduced and then maintained until being killed (32 wk) at a stable percentage of the nonlesioned control levels (74.5 and 78.3%, respectively). Carcass analysis revealed that the adipose tissue mass was significantly lowered by LH lesions in both the obese and lean animals. Percent carcass fat of lesioned lean rats was less than that of controls (15.0 vs. 23.5%) due to the presence of slightly, but not significantly, smaller and fewer adipocytes. Though absolute levels of fat were likewise lowered in obese rats, their percent carcass fat remained at control levels (52.0 vs. 53.0%) due to equivalent decreases in other body compartments. In the lesioned rats the reduced levels of adipose tissue were associated with a significant reduction in adipocyte number; adipocyte size was unchanged. It is concluded that the lateral hypothalamus of obese Zucker rats participates in the regulation of body weight in the same manner as in lean rats. The differences noted in percent carcass fat between LH lesioned lean and obese Zucker rats are apparently related to the obese animal's known propensity to sequester energy in the form of lipid.

scholarly journals Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Eve Piché ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

This review addresses the interplay between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. It is proposed that obesity, generally defined by an excess of body fat causing prejudice to health, can no longer be evaluated solely by the body mass index (expressed in kg/m 2 ) because it represents a heterogeneous entity. For instance, several cardiometabolic imaging studies have shown that some individuals who have a normal weight or who are overweight are at high risk if they have an excess of visceral adipose tissue—a condition often accompanied by accumulation of fat in normally lean tissues (ectopic fat deposition in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, etc). On the other hand, individuals who are overweight or obese can nevertheless be at much lower risk than expected when faced with excess energy intake if they have the ability to expand their subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, particularly in the gluteal-femoral area. Hence, excessive amounts of visceral adipose tissue and of ectopic fat largely define the cardiovascular disease risk of overweight and moderate obesity. There is also a rapidly expanding subgroup of patients characterized by a high accumulation of body fat (severe obesity). Severe obesity is characterized by specific additional cardiovascular health issues that should receive attention. Because of the difficulties of normalizing body fat content in patients with severe obesity, more aggressive treatments have been studied in this subgroup of individuals such as obesity surgery, also referred to as metabolic surgery. On the basis of the above, we propose that we should refer to obesities rather than obesity.

scholarly journals STUDY REGARDING THE VALUE OF THE PLAYERS ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS MEMBERS OF THE ELITE EUROPEAN HANDBALL TEAMS QUALIFIED AT THE FINAL TOURNAMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
IOSIF SANDOR ◽  
SIMINA-AURELIA NEAG
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
The World

Introduction. Handball players who manage to perform at the highest level have certain specific qualities. Through the results obtained in all world competitions, European national teams are considered the best teams in the world. Aim. The aim is to determine the current trend about the value of anthropometric indicators, primarily the body mass index, and its role in achieving performance. Materials and methods. The data of anthropometric parameters (age, height, weight, and body mass index - BMI) from 966 handball players who participated in 2016, 2018, and 2020 editions of the European Men''s Handball Championship had been analyzed. Next, the finalist and non-finalist teams'' BMI was analyzed, and then its evolution according to playing position. Results. The analysis shows that in the last three editions of the European Championship, an approximately constant value of the studied indicators is kept. The differences between the editions are not statistically significant. The average age is 27 years, the average weight is about 94 kg, the average height is 1.92 cm, and the BMI is 25. The body mass index did not register statistically significant differences for the same playing position in the last three editions analyzed. Conclusions. The data obtained from the study show what the current values of the leading anthropometric indicators of elite European handball players are. These indicators do not play an essential role in ranking in the first positions of the final tournament.

scholarly journals Changes in some anthropometric indicators in sportsman-athletes at the stages of long-term training

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Dina Kotko ◽  
Natalia Goncharuk ◽  
Serhii Shevtsov ◽  
Lyudmila Pytro ◽  
Maria Levon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Initial Stage

Literature data previous own studies indicate changes in anthropometric parameters in athletes due to the intensity and duration of exercise. An assessment of changes in some anthropometric indicators in athletes at the stages of long-term training. The paper summarizes the results of a survey of 53 athletes (athletes) at the stages of long-term training. The study involved 3 groups of athletes: 1st group - (15 athletes) - athletes at the stage of specialized basic training. 2nd group (28 athletes) - athletes in preparation for higher sporting achievements. 3rd (10 athletes) - athletes at the stage of maximum realization of their individual capabilities. The age of the athletes is 18-20 years, the track and field experience is 5-10 years. The anthropometric study included: Quetelet's weight-height index, the relative amount of muscle tissue, the absolute amount of the bone component of the body. The indicators were determined according to generally accepted methods. The results of anthropometric survey are processed by variational-statistical methods. The study found that the competitive result of athletes depends significantly on physical development and data of athletes. Those athletes can be considered the most promising, who have high anthropometric performance. At the initial stage of selection more attention is paid to motor abilities, and during selection to sports improvement groups preference is also given to the functional capabilities of the athlete.

Integrating Focusing and Differentiation: A Therapeutic Path for Couples in Intimate Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Couples Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional Healing ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Inner World

Continuing the workshop I've given in the WPC Paris (2017), this article elaborates my discussion of the way I interlace Focusing with Differentiation Based Couples Therapy (Megged, 2017) under the systemic view, in order to facilitate processes of change and healing in working with intimate couples. This article presents the theory and rationale of integrating Differentiation (Bowen, 1978; Schnarch, 2009; Megged, 2017) and Focusing (Gendlin, 1981) approaches, and its therapeutic potential in couple's therapy. It is written from the point of view of a practicing professional in order to illustrate the experiential nature and dynamics of the suggested therapeutic path. Differentiation is a key to mutuality. It offers a solution to the central struggle of any long term intimate relationship: balancing two basic life forces - the drive for individuality and the drive for togetherness (Schnarch, 2009). Focusing is a body-oriented process of self-awareness and emotional healing, in which one learns to pay attention to the body and the ‘Felt Sense’, in order to unfold the implicit, keep it in motion at the precise pace it needs for carrying the next step forward (Gendlin, 1996). Combining Focusing and Differentiation perspectives can cultivate the kind of relationship where a conflict can be constructively and successfully held in the inner world of each partner, while taking into consideration the others' well-being. This creates the possibility for two people to build a mutual emotional field, open to changes, permeable and resilient.

Presentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

scholarly journals Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rusek ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk ◽  
Rafał Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

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