scholarly journals Effect of soft tissue thickness on profile appearance in persons with class III malocclusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
Maja Stosic ◽  
Mirjana Janosevic ◽  
Mirjana Buric ◽  
Gordana Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Compensatory Effect

The aim of the research was to determine the characteristics of soft tissue in persons with class III malocclusion, through the analysis of profile X-rays. The research was carried out on fifty profile X-rays of people with class III malocclusion (eighteen males and thirty two females, from the age of fifteen to twenty five). Linear and angular parameters were analyzed by Burston?s and Steiner?s method. The increased soft tissue thickness in subspinal region in both genders had a partial compensatory effect. The reduced upper and lower lip thickness in females created more harmonious profile in relation to males, in whom lip thickness shows great individual variations. The increased soft tissue thickness in supramental region in males emphasized the abnormality in relation to females.

scholarly journals Soft tissue thickness of face profile conditioning by dento-skeletal anomalies

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of dento-skeletal anomalies is generally based on the correction of teeth and jaws relationship, while it is expected that soft facial tissue spontaneously adapts to therapeutically achieved relationship and to accompany hard tissue changes. Objective. To establish facial soft tissue thickness conditioning by the presence of dento-skeletal anomalies. Methods. The study was performed at the Dental Clinic of Nis, and involved the analysis of cephalometric rendgenograms in 121 patients, aged 12-18 years, with no previous orthodontical treatment. According to dento-skeletal relationship between teeth and jaws the patients were divided into four groups; class I (control group), class II of division 1, class II of division 2 and class III. The standard analysis of dento-skeletal profile was done according to Steiner and soft tissue profile according to Burstone was done in all. Results. The patients of class II/1 had a significantly thinner upper lip (t=2.650; p<0.05) and thinner upper lip sulcus (t=1.999; p<0.05). The patients of class II/2 had a significantly thicker upper lip (t=2.912; p<0.01), while those of class III had a significantly thinner lower lip (t=3.900; p<0.001). Conclusion. The thickness of facial soft tissue considerably influences facial profile appearance in persons with a dento-skeletal anomaly. Not only do soft tissues adapt to the existing jaws relationship, but can also camouflage present anomalies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of facial soft tissue thickness in asymmetric mandibular deformities after orthognathic surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Huang ◽  
Zhicong Li ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Lunqiu Chen ◽  
Zheng-guo Piao
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Face

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare differences in facial soft tissue thickness in three-dimensional (3D) images before and after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between hard and soft tissue changes after surgery. Materials and method The present retrospective study included 31 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular chin deviation greater than 4 mm who had undergone cone-beam computed tomography before and 6 months after surgery. Seven bilateral points were established. Measurements were taken from software-generated multiplanar reconstructions. The predictor variables were timing (pre- and postoperatively) and side (deviated vs. nondedicated). A regression model and correlation analysis were conducted for statistical analysis. Results The difference of bilateral facial soft tissue thickness was statistically significantly different between deviated and nondeviated sides (P < 0.05), with lower values observed on the deviated side. The soft tissue thickness has become nearly symmetric at local regions of the lower thirds of the face after orthognathic surgery. However, most measurements showed a negative correlation between changes in soft tissue thickness and changes in bone tissues. Conclusions Skeletal Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry is accompanied by differences in soft tissue thickness when comparing Dev and N-Dev sides of the posterior region of the mandible, where soft tissues are thinner on the Dev side. Soft tissue thickness can compensate for or camouflage the underlying asymmetric mandible. In addition, the asymmetric soft tissue thickness on the lower third of the face can be partially improved by orthognathic surgery, but the amount of soft tissue thickness change is not consistent with that of hard tissue positional change.

Soft tissue facial profile in Class III malocclusion: long-term post-pubertal effects produced by the Face Mask Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Francesca Gazzani ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi ◽  
Saveria Loberto ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Face

SummaryObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze soft tissue changes produced by rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask therapy in growing Class III patients.MaterialsThe treated group consisted of 32 Caucasian patients (15 females and 17 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion treated with the Face Mask Protocol (FMP, rapid maxillary expander, facial mask, and removable lower bite-block). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T1; mean age, 8.4 years), at the end of active treatment (T2; mean age, 10.7 years), and at a post-pubertal follow-up observation (T3; mean age, 15.8 years). The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 20 untreated subjects (10 females and 10 males) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed with the independent samples t-test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant improvements were found during the long-term T1–T3 interval for profile facial angle (–5.8°), nasolabial angle (–4.4°), mandibular sulcus (–10.3°), upper lip protrusion (+0.7 mm), and lower lip protrusion (–1.1 mm) in the treated group. No significant post-pubertal effects were found in terms of lower face percentage between two groups.LimitationsThis study has a retrospective design and it used a historical control sample.ConclusionThe FMP induced positive effects on soft tissue facial profile with a good long-term post-pubertal stability.

scholarly journals Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Annalisa Cappella ◽  
Claudia Dolci ◽  
Chiarella Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The anatomical assessment of the arrangement of facial soft tissues has important applications in different fields from orthodontics to plastic surgery. One of the issues concerns the relationship between facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal class. Literature mainly deals with adult populations, whereas very few studies have been focused on children. Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship between midline facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal classes in Italian pre-treatment orthodontic child patients. Methods: Lateral cephalometric X-ray films were obtained from 220 healthy Caucasoid children (91 males and 129 females), aged between 6 and 18 years (Class I: 41 males and 70 females; Class II: 18 males and 25 females; Class III: 32 males and 34 females). All the films were digitized and 14 soft tissue thicknesses were measured on the midface; in addition, the skeletal class was assessed according to the corrected ANB angle (ANBc). Differences in facial soft tissue thickness according to sex and skeletal class were assessed through two-way ANOVA test (p<0.01). Results: Statistically significant differences according to sex were found for labrale superius, stomion and labrale inferius, with thicker soft tissues in males than in females (p<0.01). Only measurements at labrale superius and gnathion showed statistically significant differences according to skeletal class, with thicker soft tissues in Class III children and thinner ones in Class II children (p<0.01). Conclusion: The limited number of investigations, as well as the differences in protocols, renders the comparison of results from different studies difficult, suggesting further investigations to enlighten this complex and debated anatomical issue.

scholarly journals Reliability of cone beam CT for morphometry of nasolabial soft tissue in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Rui Lu ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Angular Measurements

OBJECTIVE: To assess reliability of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for nasolabial soft tissue measurements in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial scanner results. METHODS: CBCT and 3D facial scan images of 20 orthognathic patients are used in this study. Eleven soft tissue landmarks and 15 linear and angular measurements are identified and performed. For qualitative evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk test and Bland-Altman plots are applied to analyze the equivalence of the measurements derived from these two kinds of images. To quantify specific deviation of CBCT measurements from facial scanner, the latter is set as a benchmark, and mean absolute difference (MAD) and relative error magnitude (REM) for each variable are also calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences are observed in regions of nasal base and lower lip vermilion between two methods. MAD value for all length measurements are less than 2 mm and for angular variables <  8°. The average MAD and REM for length measurements are 0.94 mm and 5.64%, and for angular measurements are 2.27° and 3.78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The soft tissue results measured by CBCT show relatively good reliability and can be used for 3D measurement of soft tissue in the nasolabial region clinically.

Reliability of Cone Beam CT for Morphometry of Nasolabial Soft Tissue in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Rui Lu ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Angular Measurements

Abstract Background：Precise measurement of the morphological structure of soft and hard tissues is fundamental to the treatment of malocclusion, but the ability of cone beam CT(CBCT) for soft tissue measurements involves few studies to date. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of CBCT for nasolabial soft tissue measurements in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion based on 3-dimensional(3D) facial scanner results.Methods：CBCT and 3D facial scan images of 20 orthognathic patients were used in this study. 11 soft tissue landmarks and 15 linear and angular measurements were identified and performed. For qualitative evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk Test and Bland-Altman plots were applied to analyze the equivalence of the measurements derived from these two kinds of data. To quantify specific deviation of CBCT measurements from facial scanner, the latter were set as a benchmark, and mean absolute difference(MAD) and relative error magnitude(REM) for each variable were calculated.Results：Statistically significant differences were observed on length measurements of bilateral philtrum crests, width of mouth and angular measurements of the protrusion angle of lower lip, left angle of upper mouth and nasolabial angle between the two methods. The MAD value for all length measurements were less than 2 mm and for angular variables <8°. The average MAD and REM for length measurements was 0.94mm and 5.64% respectively, and 2.27°, 3.78% for angular measurements.Conclusions：Certain inconformity exists in regions of nasal base and lower lip vermilion between CBCT and facial scanner when measuring nasolabial surfaces, but most of them are clinically acceptable. The soft tissue results measured by CBCT showed relatively good reliability and can be used for 3D measurement of soft tissue in the nasolabial region clinically.

scholarly journals Evaluating Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Anterior-Posterior Skeletal Classifications Informative

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1634
Author(s):  
Saba Safarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Monirifard ◽  
Farinaz Shirban
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: The soft tissue thickness is affected by anterior posterior skeletal relationship. This study has been designed to evaluate the soft tissue thickness among different anterior posterior skeletal classifications. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 206 digital lateral cephalometric radiographs from patients undergoing treatment at several orthodontic clinics were evaluated. The skeletal group was determined by the ANB angle. The planned points were determined on digital radiographs using the Digimizer.V4.1.1.0 and then the measurements were done. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Pearson Correlation and Spearman tests. Results: Significant difference showed between soft tissue thickness at Subnasale between class I and II, at Subnasale, Labrale Superius, Stomion Superius, Stomion Inferius between class I and III and at Subnasale, Labrale Superius, Stomion Superius, Stomion Inferius, between class II and III. Among the women, soft tissue thickness at subnasale were higher in class I group compared to class II, Subnasale, Labrale Superius, Stomion Superius, Stomion Inferius were higher in class III compared to class I and at Labrale Inferius was higher in class II compared to class III. Among the men, soft tissue thickness at Stomion Superius, Stomion Inferius and Labrale Superius were higher in class III group compared to class I and II. Conclusion: We established that soft tissue thickness in some landmarks were significantly different between skeletal groups and gender. There is a correlation in soft tissue thickness and skeletal relationship at Stomion Inferius, Subnasale, Labrale Superius, Stomion Superius. Keywords: Soft Tissue, Skeletal Classification, Cephalometry

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