scholarly journals Nosocomial infections in patients with acute central nervous system infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Olgica Gajovic ◽  
Predrag Canovic ◽  
Zeljko Mijailovic ◽  
Zorica Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Due to current increase in the rate of nosocomial infections, our objective was to examine the frequency, risk factors, clinical presentation and etiology of nosocomial infections in patients with central nervous system infections. 2246 patients with central nervous system infections, treated in the intensive care units of the Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade and at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Hospital Center Kragujevac, were included in this retrospective and prospective study. Clinical manifestations of nosocomial infections were registered in 180 (12.7%) patients. Direct risk factors for nosocomial infections were: venous lines, urinary catheter, length of stay over 20 days, inhibitors of gastric secretion, consciousness disorders and coma, endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy and controlled ventilation for 5 days or more. The most frequent clinical presentations of nosocomial infections were: tract urinary infections, bacteriemia/sepsis and nosocomial pneumonia. Significantly higher frequency of death outcomes was registered in patients with nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Successful Management of Nosocomial Ventriculitis and Meningitis Caused by Extensively Drug-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiin Austria

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e88-e90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hoenigl ◽  
M Drescher ◽  
G Feierl ◽  
T Valentin ◽  
G Zarfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Nosocomial infections caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillusAcinetobacter baumanniihave substantially increased over recent years. BecauseAcinetobacteris a genus with a tendency to quickly develop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, therapy is often complicated, requiring the return to previously used drugs. The authors report a case of meningitis due to extensively drug-resistantA baumanniiin an Austrian patient who had undergone neurosurgery in northern Italy. The case illustrates the limits of therapeutic options in central nervous system infections caused by extensively drug-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Due to Nocardia in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210971
Author(s):  
Zhuoxuan Li ◽  
Dongling Li ◽  
Pan Lv ◽  
Jianping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Brain Abscesses

Nocardia brain abscesses mainly occur in immunosuppressive hosts1 and comprise only 2% of all intracranial abscesses. It is difficult to identify central nervous system infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus because of the silent clinical manifestations and their simulation of lupus encephalopathy.2

scholarly journals Hypothalamus-Pituitary Dysfunction as an Independent Risk Factor for Postoperative Central Nervous System Infections in Patients With Sellar Region Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Wen ◽  
Rui Yin ◽  
Yihao Chen ◽  
Jianbo Chang ◽  
Baitao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Csf Leakage

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to verify that hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction is one of the risk factors for postoperative central nervous system infections (PCNSIs).MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with sellar region lesions who underwent surgery between January 2016 and November 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. In total, 44 age− and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for PCNSIs.ResultWe enrolled 88 patients, 44 of whom had PCNSIs. Surgical approach (TCS) (P<0.001), previous surgery on the same site (P=0.001), intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage (P<0.001), postoperative adrenal insufficiency (P=0.017), postoperative DI (P=0.004) and the maximum Na+ levels(<0.001) correlated significantly with PCNSIs. Multivariate analysis showed that Surgery approach (TCS)(OR: 77.588; 95%CI: 7.981-754.263; P<0.001), intraoperative CSF leakage (OR: 12.906; 95%CI: 3.499-47.602; P<0.001), postoperative DI (OR: 6.999; 95%CI:1.371-35.723; P=0.019) and postoperative adrenal insufficiency (OR: 6.115; 95%CI: 1.025-36.469; P=0.047) were independent influencing factors for PCNSIs.ConclusionTCS, intraoperative CSF leakage, postoperative DI and postoperative adrenal insufficiency are risk factors for PCNSIs in patients with sellar region tumors.

scholarly journals Incidence, risk factors and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with central nervous system infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgica Gajovic ◽  
Zoran Todorovic ◽  
Zeljko Mijailovic ◽  
Predrag Canovic ◽  
Ljiljana Nesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation Duration ◽  
Gcs Score

Introduction. Pneumonia is the most frequent nosocomial infection in intensive care units. The reported frequency varies with definition, the type of hospital or intensive care units and the population of patients. The incidence ranges from 6.8-27%. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care patients. Methods. We analyzed retrospectively and prospectively the collected data of 180 patients with central nervous system infections who needed to stay in the intensive care unit for more than 48 hours. This study was conducted from 2003 to 2009 at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac. Results. During the study period, 54 (30%) patients developed nosocomial pneumonia. The time to develop pneumonia was 10?6 days. We found that the following risk factors for the development of nosocomial pneumonia were statistically significant: age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <9, mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, presence of nasogastric tube and enteral feeding. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Klebsiella-Enterobacter spp. (33.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (16.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25.9%). Conclusion. Nosocomial pneumonia is the major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with central nervous system infections. Patients on mechanical ventilation are particularly at a high risk. The mortality rate of patients with nosocomial pneumonia was 54.4% and it was five times higher than in patients without pneumonia.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for seizures in central nervous system infections in childhood

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Paulo Breno Noronha Liberalesso ◽  
Izabella Celidônio Bertoldo da Silva ◽  
Karlin Fabianne Klagenberg ◽  
Ari Leon Jurkiewicz ◽  
Bianca Simone Zeigelboim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Stiff Neck ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

INTRODUCTION: The infections of the central nervous system remain as a public health problem in several countries and there is a direct relation between poverty and underdevelopment with high mortality and morbidity rates. Seizures represents a complication related to infections of the central nervous system, are considered a clinical emergency and requiring neurological investigation. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we propose to describe the incidence and risk factors for seizures in central nervous system infections in childhood. METHODS: a retrospective study was performed between October 2007 and October 2008 and all patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of infections of the central nervous system were analyzed. Newborns were excluded. The patients were divided into GROUP 1 (without seizures) and GROUP 2 (with seizures). RESULTS: 731 patients were included, 47.75% males, with average age of 15.7 years. GROUP 1 - with fever (652/92.35%), headache (580/82.15%), vomits (550/77.9%), and viral meningitis predominance (652/93.06%). GROUP 2 - with fever (25/100%), vomits (12/48), headache (6/24%), and viral encephalitis predominance (14/56%). Ten (40%) patients from the GROUP 2 presented EEG alterations. The incidence of seizures was 3.42% and a significant statistical difference was noticed related to mean age (p<0.000069), presence of headache (p<0.0000), vomits (p<0.0005), stiff neck (p<0.0105) and drowsiness (p<0.0265). CONCLUSIONS: the occurrence of seizures during the hospitalization is significantly more frequent in cases of viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis compared to viral meningitis. The risk of seizures increases in early ages. Headache, vomits, stiff neck and drowsiness are more frequent symptoms in children with infection of the central nervous system who presented seizures during the hospitalization.

Central Nervous System Infections

2016 ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
M. Rizwan Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Glycoprotein I

Thrombophilia refers to the tendency for thromboembolism (ie, having risk factors for thromboembolism), which may be inherited or acquired. The presence of increasing numbers of risk factors further increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti–β‎2-glycoprotein I antibodies) and hyperhomocysteinemia are risk factors not only for VTE but also for arterial thrombosis.

Infection, other than bacterial, including HIV

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Inès Yoro-Zohoun ◽  
Jaime Luna ◽  
Salmane Amidou ◽  
Pierre-Marie Preux
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Public Health Challenges

This chapter is dedicated to the epidemiology of common non-bacterial central nervous system infections: parasitic, fungal, and viral infections. Non-bacterial central nervous system infections are public health challenges in developing and developed countries. Clinical manifestations and severity depend on pathogenic characteristics of the agents and of the patients (areas affected, age, immune status, etc.). These infections are an emerging problem with a poor prognosis if treatment is not adequate. Furthermore, these agents have been commonly implicated as risk factors to other neurological disorders and sequelae that impose a high burden on the healthcare resources.

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