scholarly journals Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo diagnostics

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divna Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
In Vivo Diagnostics ◽  
Biological Distribution ◽  
99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽  
Tracer Molecules ◽  
99Mtc Generator

Technetiiim-99m is an ideal radionuclide with optimum decay characteristics. It can be obtained in sterile, pyrogen-free and carrier-free condition, as sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4), from 99Mo/99Tc generator. Because of its six-hour physical half-life and monochromatic 140 keV photons free of -radiation, administration of small amounts of 99mTc solution is possible, without a significant radiation damage to the patient. Technetium eluted from the 99Mo/99mTc generator is in the highest oxidation form (+7). It can be used for diagnostic purposes alone, but it is often used for labeling different organic and inorganic compounds. As it is unreactive, reduction with a chemical reductant, (+1), (+3) and (+5) oxidation are necessary before use. Nowadays almost 80% of radiopharmaceuticals are based on 99mTc. Radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals are radionuclides or radioactive compounds used in diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. A pharmaceutical is chosen based on its localization in the organ, or its participation in its physiological function. Radiation emitted from a radionuclide is detected by a radiation detector. The ability to incorporate available radionuclides into tracer molecules has been the main goal in developing radiopharmaceuticals. As radionuclides with nuclear characteristics used as either diagnostic or therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, are predominantly metals, they can be designed as metal essential, whereby biological distribution is determined by coordination compound, or metal tagged, in which case the properties of the carrier molecule (ligand system) determine the biological distribution. This paper reviews the development of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. .

scholarly journals 99mTc Labelling Strategies for the Development of Potential Nitroimidazolic Hypoxia Imaging Agents

Inorganics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giglio ◽  
Rey
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Hypoxia Imaging ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽  
99Mtc Labelling

Technetium-99m has a rich coordination chemistry that offers many possibilities in terms of oxidation states and donor atom sets. Modifications in the structure of the technetium complexes could be very useful for fine tuning the physicochemical and biological properties of potential 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. However, systematic study of the influence of the labelling strategy on the “in vitro” and “in vivo” behaviour is necessary for a rational design of radiopharmaceuticals. Herein we present a review of the influence of the Tc complexes’ molecular structure on the biodistribution and the interaction with the biological target of potential nitroimidazolic hypoxia imaging radiopharmaceuticals presented in the literature from 2010 to the present. Comparison with the gold standard [18F]Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) is also presented.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological characteristics of myocardial infarction complicated by rupture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
А. С. Повзун ◽  
A. S. Povzun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cardiac Rupture ◽  
In Vivo Diagnostics ◽  
Comorbid Diseases

The report presents the results of a pathoanatomical study of 81 cases of postinfarction cardiac rupture. The terms of development of cardiac rupture and comorbid background of patients are specified. Inconsistences of in vivo diagnostics of both ischemic heart disease and comorbid diseases, the results of autopsies were revealed.

scholarly journals Trimeric Small Interfering RNAs and Their Cholesterol-Containing Conjugates Exhibit Improved Accumulation in Tumors, but Dramatically Reduced Silencing Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Chernikov ◽  
Daniil V. Gladkikh ◽  
Ulyana A. Karelina ◽  
Mariya I. Meschaninova ◽  
Alya G. Ven’yaminova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Free Mode ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Transfection Agent

Cholesterol derivatives of nuclease-resistant, anti-MDR1 small-interfering RNAs were designed to contain a 2’-OMe-modified 21-bp siRNA and a 63-bp TsiRNA in order to investigate their accumulation and silencing activity in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that increasing the length of the RNA duplex in such a conjugate increases its biological activity when delivered using a transfection agent. However, the efficiency of accumulation in human drug-resistant KB-8-5 cells during delivery in vitro in a carrier-free mode was reduced as well as efficiency of target gene silencing. TsiRNAs demonstrated a similar biodistribution in KB-8-5 xenograft tumor-bearing SCID mice with more efficient accumulation in organs and tumors than cholesterol-conjugated canonical siRNAs; however, this accumulation did not provide a silencing effect. The lack of correlation between the accumulation in the organ and the silencing activity of cholesterol conjugates of siRNAs of different lengths can be attributed to the fact that trimeric Ch-TsiRNA lags mainly in the intercellular space and does not penetrate sufficiently into the cytoplasm of the cell. Increased accumulation in the organs and in the tumor, by itself, shows that using siRNA with increased molecular weight is an effective approach to control biodistribution and delivery to the target organ.

Magnetic nanoparticle relaxation measurement as a novel tool for in vivo diagnostics

2002 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Romanus ◽  
M Hückel ◽  
C Groß ◽  
S Prass ◽  
W Weitschies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Relaxation Measurement ◽  
In Vivo Diagnostics

scholarly journals Carrier-free, self-assembled pure drug nanorods composed of 10-hydroxycamptothecin and chlorin e6 for combinatorial chemo-photodynamic antitumor therapy in vivo

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 14347-14356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ningqiang Gong ◽  
Yi-Feng Wang ◽  
Hong-Bo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Antitumor Therapy ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Pure Drug ◽  
Self Assembled

Carrier-free nanodrug HCPT/Ce6 NRs were prepared through a simple self-assembly approach for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy of tumors in vivo.

scholarly journals Basic Research on Homeopathy: Analysis of the Top Ten Best Investigated Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Beate Stock-Schroeer ◽  
P. Christian Endler ◽  
Petra Koczy ◽  
Stephan Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Apis Mellifica ◽  
Positive Results

1. Introduction Almost fifteen years after introducing HomBRex database [1] the number of registered experiments increased from about 900 at that time to more than 2000 in 2016. This worldwide unique database provides the most comprehensive library on basic research in the field of homeopathy. The first overview on classification of systems and methods used in basic research came to the conclusion that a variety of research questions can be derived from the huge number of data collected in HomBRex [2]. After evaluation of proving and therapeutic experiments [3], infection models [4] and the use of high potencies in basic research on homeopathy [5], the current study deals with the question which homeopathic substances in what sort of experiments were mainly under investigation. 2. Methods The HomBRex database is updated continuously by systematic searching of bibliographic databases. Each registered experiment is analyzed by scientists of the Carstens-foundation (lately BS, PK) to provide detailed information on the following items: organism, condition, substance, in vitro/in vivo, prophylactic/therapeutic, potency, and others. For the current study, the entire database was categorized according to the substances investigated. For selected substances, further subgroups were analyzed (e.g. organism, research field, and others). 3. Results The following substances rank among the top ten of investigated substances in basic research: Arsenicum album (N=189), Sulfur (N=103), Thuja occidentalis (N=77), Belladonna (N=72), Natrium chloratum (N=70), Cuprum sulfuricum (N=70), Arnica montana (N=70), Mercurius corrosivus (N=60), Phosphorus (N=60) and Apis mellifica (N=60). Arsenicum album, first on the list, was tested on animals in 78 experiments, in 52 on plants. 91 experiments were conducted in vitro and 98 in vivo. 175 authors report positive results, 14 state negative results. Apis mellifica, the number ten,s tested on animals (N=16, mainly on guinea pigs and rats) in the field of toxicology or physiology. Sixteen experiments deal with human cells, mainly on reaction in blood cells granulocytes and lymphocytes e.g. with different potencies of the substance. Experiments with plants focus on virus infected plants and their treatment with Apis, only two experiments belong to the field of physical chemistry. Most of the authors report on positive results in their papers (N=57), only three state negative results. 4. Discussion/Conclusion The most often used substances in published homeopathic basic research are well proven, well known and also frequently used homeopathic remedies in human therapy. Inorganic compounds predominate. Quantitative meta-analyses are still difficult due to the heterogeneity of experimental models used. The current analysis provides an overview on which substances are most relevant for future replication trials in defined experimental models.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum, Patient-Adaptable Inhaled Niclosamide-Lysozyme Particles are Efficacious Against Coronaviruses in Lethal Murine Infection Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee D. Brunaugh ◽  
Hyojong Seo ◽  
Zachary Warnken ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Carrier Molecule ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

ABSTRACTNiclosamide (NIC) has demonstrated promising in vitro antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though NIC is already FDA-approved, the oral formulation produces systemic drug levels that are too low to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. As an alternative, direct delivery of NIC to the respiratory tract as an aerosol could target the primary site of for SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and spread. We have developed a niclosamide powder suitable for delivery via dry powder inhaler, nebulizer, and nasal spray through the incorporation of human lysozyme (hLYS) as a carrier molecule. This novel formulation exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activity against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and may protect against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and inflammatory lung damage occurring secondary to CoV infections. The suitability of the formulation for all stages of the disease and low-cost development approach will ensure wide-spread utilization

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