scholarly journals Heredity of psoriasis

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Dobrila Belic ◽  
Sonja Ristic-Nikolic ◽  
Saveta Damjan ◽  
Iljana Ratkov ◽  
Matilda Ceke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hereditary Component ◽  
Relative Analysis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies of twins show that there is a genetic predisposition to psoriasis. Researches conducted so far show that psoriasis is a multifactorial polygenetic disease with reduced gene penetration. They also show that heredity is more significant than the "trigger" factor whose influence is limited to the exchange of phenotypes. Researches in USA, Canada and Europe identified four most important loci (psoriasis susceptibility - 1-4). At least one is in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) due to the connection between psoriasis and alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). OBJECTIVE Our study included 117 patients and examined the indicators of genetic predisposition to psoriasis: frequency of psoriasis among relatives of psoriatic probands; frequency of psoriasis among relatives (I and II degree) of psoriatic patients; age of probands and other relatives at the onset of illness. Material and methods We have used a structured questionnaire for collection of data about existence of psoriasis in relatives of I and II degree of psoriatic probands and about the age of probands and relatives at the time of onset. Results and discussion Twenty six (21.85%) probands have at least one ill relative. The examined patients who have diseased relatives get ill much earlier than those who do not. Probands with two or more diseased relatives get ill much earlier than those who have just one diseased relative. Analysis of our sample shows a significant statistical difference regarding the onset of illness of diseased parents and their children. Children get ill earlier. CONCLUSIONS We have concluded that in our sample there is a hereditary component which is related to frequency and onset of psoriasis.

scholarly journals The role of HLA genes: from autoimmune diseases to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Marina Yu. Yukina ◽  
Nurana F. Nuralieva ◽  
Natalia G. Mokrysheva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hla Molecules

Genes of HLA system (Human Leukocyte Antigen) play an essential role in the normal functioning of the immune system. There are three classes of genes: I, II, and III. The function of HLA molecules class I is to present antigens of peptides from the cytoplasm to T-lymphocytes on the cell surface, and class II — to present antigens of peptides from the extracellular space. In the classical view, the pathological activation of the immune system in patients with a genetic predisposition can result in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the influence of this system on the development of non-autoimmune diseases, their severity and prognosis, has been recently considered. Besides, HLA molecules provide a presentation of various infectious agents. In this connection, the loci of the main histocompatibility complex can be considered candidates for determining the genetic predisposition to infectious diseases themselves and their course. This review hypothesizes that specific variants of HLA genes may cause the formation of a «cytokine storm» in patients with COVID-19. Identification of a group of patients with particular genetic variations that cause violation of immune tolerance and hyperresponse in the setting of viral infection will help to optimize the algorithm for disease prevention and treatment of such patients and, as a result, to reduce the severity of the epidemiological situation.

Immunogenetics of Celiac Disease: A Focus on Arab Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadin Younes ◽  
Salma Younes ◽  
Ola. A. Alsharabasi ◽  
Mohamed E. El Zowalaty ◽  
Ibrahim Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Celiac Disease (CD) is a complex immunogenic disease mainly triggered by gluten intake in genetically susceptible individuals with a prevalence of 1 in 100-300. CD results from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic susceptibility is believed to play a prominent role in the pathogenicity of CD, mainly due to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related class II genes. Although CD is wellrecognized among Arab populations, there are few studies on the genetic epidemiology and prevalence of CD in the Arab countries. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the importance of studying this disease in the Arab world in the context of a global perspective. Within the few studies published so far, it was found that Arab populations have a distinctive susceptibility genetic profile from other ethnic groups with the DQ2.5 and DQ8 genotypes that are considered the major genotypes that confer susceptibility among Arab patients with CD. Our findings will pave the way to perform further epidemiological studies that will help identify potential therapeutic targets against CD among Arab patients that are diagnosed with CD.

T Cells: A Growing Universe of Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110249
Author(s):  
Dallin Dressman ◽  
Wassim Elyaman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
The Central Nervous System

T cells play a central role in homeostasis and host defense against infectious diseases. T cell dysregulation can lead to recognizing self-antigens as foreign antigens, causing a detrimental autoimmune response. T cell involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS), long understood to be an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease, is well characterized. More recently, a role for T cells has also been identified for the neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interestingly, several alleles and variants of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been classified as AD and PD risk genes. HLA codes for components of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II, both of which are expressed by microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, both microglia and T cells may potentially interact in an antigen-dependent or independent fashion to shape the inflammatory cascade occurring in neurodegenerative diseases. Dissecting the antigen specificity of T cells may lead to new options for disease-modifying treatments in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize the subsets of T cells, their phenotype and potential functions in animal models and in human studies of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Familial Pemphigus Vulgaris Occured in a Father and Son as the First Confirmed Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ali Haydar Eskiocak ◽  
Birgul Ozkesici ◽  
Soner Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Father And Son

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Although there is some evidence pointing towards a genetic predisposition by some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, familial occurrence of PV is very rare. Most of the familial PV cases so far reported have been in mother and daughter and in siblings. PV in father and son, as presented here, has not been reported in the literature before, except an unconfirmed report. The diagnosis of PV was established by histologic, cytologic studies and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Case1and by ELISA and BIOCHIP indirect immunofluorescence test in Case2. The son was responsive to moderate doses of methylprednisolone, with the treatment continuing with tapered doses. The father was in a subclinic condition; consequently, only close follow-up was recommended. HLA typing studies revealed identical HLA alleles of HLA-DR4 (DRB1⁎04) and HLA-DQB1⁎03in both of our cases; this had been found to be associated with PV in prior studies. Familial occurrences of PV and related HLA genes indicate the importance of genetic predisposition. The first occurrence of confirmed familial PV in father and son is reported here.

Epidemiology of axial spondyloarthritis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Gensler ◽  
Michael Weisman ◽  
Liron Caplan
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an inflammatory arthritis of the sacroiliac joints and spine. The prototype is ankylosing spondylitis, the radiographic form of the disease; however, more recently, an earlier or less-differentiated presentation has been described termed non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). Extra-articular manifestations commonly include anterior uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. There is a strong association with the human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) allele, and the prevalence of the disease tends to follow the frequency of the allele. Epidemiological studies in axSpA are relevant in the population studied and therefore have limited external validity. This chapter describes the epidemiology of axSpA.

Human Leukocyte Antigen Region Involvement in the Genetic Predisposition to Alopecia areata

Dermatology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Orecchia ◽  
Cuccia Belvedere ◽  
M. Martinetti ◽  
E. Capelli ◽  
G. Rabbiosi
Keyword(s):  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen Region
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