scholarly journals Synthesis of proton exchange membranes for dual-chambered microbial fuel cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Dharmadhikari ◽  
Prabir Ghosh ◽  
Manivannan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Anodic Chamber

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were synthesized using three different compositions of poly(oxyethylene) (POE), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CS) and phosphoric acid (PA) in weight ratios of 1:1:1:1, 1:2:1:1 and 1:3:1:1 by physical blending and the casting method. Water uptake of the membrane increases with increasing concentration of PVA. A higher percentage of water uptake signifies a higher ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the synthesized membrane. The synthesized membranes were evaluated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and the performance observed. The synthesized membranes were characterized for identification of precursor material and inter polymer interactions using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, respectively. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) depends on the microbial activity in the anodic chamber. In the present study, the composition of the membrane was optimized and compared with other membranes that had been synthesized by different compositions of all materials. COD removal in the MFC-3 setup connected with an M-3 membrane was found to be 88 %.

Novel proton exchange membranes based on PVC for microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav ◽  
Ram Singh ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Richa Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Material

Abstract Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), used as separators, are one of the important components in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The efficiency of MFC is greatly influenced by PEM. Nafion, which is a commonly used membrane, has several disadvantages in addition to its high cost. The aim of the present work was to develop low-cost PEMs with higher conductivity. In the current work, membranes were prepared using comparatively cheaper material polyvinyl chloride with different concentrations of silica (SiO2), citric acid and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) by the solution casting method. Different membrane properties such as surface morphology, water uptake capacity, ion exchange capacity (IEC), tensile strength, leaching test and potential applications in MFCs were investigated. The results showed that the prepared membrane with 10% silica has the highest water uptake of 55.8%. The IEC of prepared membranes was found to vary from 0.024 to 0.875 meq/g. The membranes showing better IEC were applied to the MFC. The maximum power density obtained was 43.91 m W/cm2 in the case of a membrane with both 5% PWA and 5% silica. The results obtained make this membrane a promising and economically viable new material in MFC applications.

Novel composite polybenzimidazole-based proton exchange membranes as efficient and sustainable separators for microbial fuel cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Angioni ◽  
L. Millia ◽  
G. Bruni ◽  
D. Ravelli ◽  
P. Mustarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange

Characterization of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) as Proton Exchange Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
Hai Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Ying Yang ◽  
Cheng Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The membrane properties of block copolymers including ion exchange capacities (IECs), water uptake and proton conductivities were characterized for the multiblock copolymers and compared with random sulfonated poly (arylene ether) s and other multiblock copolymer membranes at similar ion exchange capacity value. This series of multiblock copolymers showed moderate conductivities up to 0.063 S/cm at 80 °C with very low water uptake of 19%. Therefore, they are considered to be promising PEM materials for fuel cells.

Bioelectricity Generation from Wastewaters in Microbial Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1456-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipon Pisutpaisal ◽  
Ubonrat Sirisukpoca
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Anodic Chamber ◽  
Cathodic Chamber ◽  
Circuit Resistance

The study investigated bioelectricity generation from three types of wastewaters including artificial (AW), buffered brewery (BW) and buffered canteen (CW), in double chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations of influent were varied in the range of 125 - 1000 mg L-1. Influent pH and operation temperature were fixed at 7 and 30oC. 0.35 mL min-1wastewater was fed into a half-cell anodic chamber, while 5 mL min-1 oxygen-saturated distilled water was fed into a half-cell cathodic chamber. The circuit resistance was fixed at 10 ohms. The results showed that maximum current output obtained from AW, BW and CW with the initial BOD concentration of 1000 mg L-1were 0.92, 0.78 and 0.70 mA, respectively. The currents were directly proportional to the BOD concentrations in the influent for all wastewaters. The maximum BOD removal of AW, BW and CW was 90, 65 and 75%, respectively.

A critical review on recent proton exchange membranes applied in microbial fuel cells for renewable energy recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 121446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Shabani ◽  
Habibollah Younesi ◽  
Maxime Pontié ◽  
Ahmad Rahimpour ◽  
Mostafa Rahimnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange

scholarly journals On the Conductivity of Proton-Exchange Membranes Based on Multiblock Copolymers of Sulfonated Polysulfone and Polyphenylsulfone: An Experimental and Modeling Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Nieves Ureña ◽  
M. Teresa Pérez-Prior ◽  
Belén Levenfeld ◽  
Pablo A. García-Salaberri
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Network Good

The effect of relative humidity (RH) and degree of sulfonation (DS) on the ionic conductivity and water uptake of proton-exchange membranes based on sulfonated multiblock copolymers composed of polysulfone (PSU) and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) is examined experimentally and numerically. Three membranes with a different DS and ion-exchange capacity are analyzed. The heterogeneous structure of the membranes shows a random distribution of sulfonated (hydrophilic) and non-sulfonated (hydrophobic) domains, whose proton conductivity is modeled based on percolation theory. The mesoscopic model solves simplified Nernst–Planck and charge conservation equations on a random cubic network. Good agreement is found between the measured ionic conductivity and water uptake and the model predictions. The ionic conductivity increases with RH due to both the growth of the hydrated volume available for conduction and the decrease of the tortuosity of ionic transport pathways. Moreover, the results show that the ionic conductivity increases nonlinearly with DS, experiencing a strong rise when the DS is varied from 0.45 to 0.70, even though the water uptake of the membranes remains nearly the same. In contrast, the increase of the ionic conductivity between DS=0.70 and DS=0.79 is significantly lower, but the water uptake increases sharply. This is explained by the lack of microphase separation of both copolymer blocks when the DS is exceedingly high. Encouragingly, the copolymer membranes demonstrate a similar performance to Nafion under well hydrated conditions, which can be further optimized by a combination of numerical modeling and experimental characterization to develop new-generation membranes with better properties.

scholarly journals Influencia de la disminución de Iodo para la obtención de voltaje a partir de Celdas de Combustible Microbianas de bajo costo

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cesar Vallejo ◽  
Anodic Chamber ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Influencia de la disminución de Iodo para la obtención de voltaje a partir de Celdas de Combustible Microbianas de bajo costo 1Segundo J. Rojas Flores, 2Luis M. Angelats Silva, 1Magaly De La Cruz Noriega, 1Mayli Jazmín León Castañeda, 1Royer Gonzales Rubio, 1Lucero Joo Jim, 1Magda R. Rodriguez Yupanqui. 1 Universidad Privada Cesar Vallejo, Av. Larco 1771, Víctor Larco Herrera, Trujillo, Perú 2 Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Laboratorio de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Av. América Sur 3145, Trujillo, Perú Recibido el 8 de noviembre del 2018. Revisado el 8 de diciembre del 2018. Aceptado el 10 de diciembre del 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2018.0014/ Resumen Recientemente, se ha puesto gran atención a las celdas de combustible microbianas (CCM) debido a sus condiciones de operación moderadas y al uso de una variedad de sustratos biodegradables como combustible. Las celdas de combustible microbianas comunes consisten en una cámara anódica y una cámara catódica separadas por una membrana de intercambio protónico. Los microorganismos catabolizan activamente el sustrato generando bioelectricidad. Estas celdas se pueden utilizar como un generador de energía para biosensores, dando con esto una gran ventaja para aplicación en estos tipos de dispositivos. En este trabajo se presenta cedas de combustible microbianas, diseñadas a bajo costo, en las cuales se ha variado la concentración de lodo, el cual fue obtenido de las lagunas de oxidación de Covicorti, Trujillo- La Libertad. Los valores del voltaje promedio fueron reduciendo a medida que disminuye la concentración del lodo, desde valores cercanos a 507.8 a 244.1 mV. La conductividad en la cámara anódica estuvo alrededor de 14,5 a 7,75 µS/cm con un pH alrededor de 8,0. Mientras que en la carama catódica se encontró un pH alrededor de 7,5 y una turbidez entre 250 a 450 UNT; los valores de la intensidad de corriente y densidad de potencia también disminuyen con la disminución de lodo residual. Con este trabajó se trata de dar una nueva forma de fabricación de CCM de manera innovadora y económica. Descriptores: Celdas de combustible microbianas, microorganismos, ánodo, cátodo y voltaje. Abstract Recently, great attention has been given to microbial fuel cells (CCM) due to their moderate operating conditions and the use of a variety of biodegradable substrates as fuel. The common microbial fuel cells consist of an anodic chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a proton exchange membrane. The microorganisms actively catabolize the substrate generating bioelectricity. These cells can be used as an energy generator for biosensors, giving this a great advantage for application in these types of devices. This paper presents microbial fuel lines, designed at low cost, in which the concentration of sludge has been varied, which was obtained from the oxidation lagoons of Covicorti, Trujillo-La Libertad. The values ​​of the average voltage were reduced as the concentration of the mud decreases, from values ​​close to 507.8 to 244.1 mV. The conductivity in the anodic chamber was around 14.5 to 7.75 μS / cm with a pH around 8.0. While in the cathodic carame a pH around 7.5 and a turbidity between 250 to 450 NTU was found, the values ​​of current intensity and power density also decrease with the reduction of residual sludge. With this work, it is about giving a new way of manufacturing CCM in an innovative and economical way. Keywords: Microbial fuel cells, microorganisms, anode, cathode and voltage.

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