scholarly journals The effect of toluene on oxidative processes in rat blood

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Stajkovic ◽  
Suncica Borozan ◽  
Gordana Gadjanski-Omerovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Radical Processes

This study was designed to investigate the effects of toluene treatment on oxidative stress in rat blood. Since toluene metabolism produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, it was hypothesized that the toluene treatment would: 1) provoke changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, 2) impair the integrity of the cell membrane and 3) induce structural changes in the plasma proteins. Female Wistar rats were treated with toluene intraperitonally, at a daily dose of 0.38 mmol/kg body weight for 12 days, and 5 mmol/kg body weight for 6 days, respectively, with propylene glycol as the carrier. Toluene significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity at low doses, catalase activity at high doses and the level of erythrocytes malondialdehyde in both treated groups when compared to the control group. The nitrite ( ? 2 NO ) level in both treated groups was not different from that in the control animals. Toluene caused oxidative modification of plasma proteins and, consequently, changes in the concentration of glycoproteins and lipoproteins when compared to the control group. The observed alterations indicate that toluene treatment might be involved in free radical processes.

scholarly journals Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽  
Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

Chloroacetonitrile induces intrauterine growth restriction and musculoskeletal toxicity in fetal mouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Ahmed ◽  
HM El-Mazar ◽  
AA Nagy ◽  
AB Abdel-Naim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Exposure ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
High Doses

Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a by-product of chlorination of drinking water. Epidemiological studies indicate that it might present a hazard to human health. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of intrauterine exposure to CAN on fetal body weight and development of the musculoskeletal system in mice. At gestation day 6, pregnant mice were given CAN (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day) till gestation day 18. Uteri were then examined and live fetuses were collected, weighed, and evaluated for any malformations. High doses of CAN (50 mg/kg) significantly elevated fetal anomalies and reduced fetal viability. Chloroacetonitrile at a dose of 25 mg/kg did not affect fetal viability and significantly reduced fetal body weight. Subsequent experimentation was performed using this dose level. Histological examination of fetal axial skeleton indicated that CAN resulted in delayed appearance of endochondral ossification centers, widening of the vertebrae, and destruction of the calcified zone. In addition, the skeletal muscle fibers were markedly distorted, were small in size, and were widely separated by connective tissue. Both connective tissue perimysium and endomysium were less cellular compared with control sections. The histological findings were further confirmed by assessing the morphometric changes. Ratios of calcified cartilage to non-calcified cartilage areas in both control and CAN-exposed groups were determined. Also, skeletal muscle fiber diameter of CAN-exposed fetuses was significantly decreased compared with control group. In conclusion, intrauterine exposure to low levels of CAN decreases fetal body weight and induces malformations in the musculoskeletal system in mice.

scholarly journals Changes in the Concentrations of Some Plasma Proteins During Acute Inflammation in Dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Dimirtinka Zapryanova ◽  
Teodora Mircheva ◽  
Tsanko Hristov ◽  
Lazarin Lazarov ◽  
Aleksander Atanasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyse the changes in concentrations of total proteins, albumin, globulins and albumin/globulin ratio in dogs with experimentally induced acute inflammation. The study was performed on 9 mongrel dogs (experimental group) and 6 mongrel dogs (control group) at the age of 2 years and body weight 12-15 kg. The acute inflammation was reproduced by inoculation of 2 ml turpentine oil in the lumbar region subcutaneously and in same quantity saline in control dogs. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes before inoculation (hour 0) then at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and on days 7, 14, 21. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of albumin statistically decreased in the experimental dogs from at 72nd h to day 14 while the concentration of globulins increased from the 72nd h to day 21. On days 7 and 14 the albumin/globulin ratio slightly decreased. During the whole post inoculation period the values of total protein have not changed. The dates of the present study confirm that albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and globulins are sensitive factors in inflammatory conditions in dogs.

scholarly journals Fluoxetine effect on gestation and fetal development

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Bianca Eugenia Ösz ◽  
C. E. Vari ◽  
Maria Dogaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract The prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is very controversial. There is no conclusive evidence for increased risk of malformations after SSRI use in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine how fluoxetine is affecting gestation and fetal development in rats. Twenty sexually mature female Wistar rats weighting between 250-260 g received 20 mg/kg body weight fluoxetine from the first day of gestation and during the entire gestation period.The drug was administered by oral route. Healthy, primipareus animals were selected along with 20 female Wistar rats, as control group. Mature males were caged with virgin females for an entire week. Rat’s behaviour during gestation, after birth and rats body weight was examined. The number of healthy pups was also noted. The females not giving birth after 21 days to any pup were anesthetized (halothane through gas scavenging apparatus untilled death) and the gravid uterus were dissected out and examined. Compared to the controlled group, in which weight gain was more significant, the animals from the experimental group had a slight increase in body weight. The weight gain normally induced by gestation, is less significant in fluoxetine treated rats due to the increase serotonin levels in the brain. The uteri examination of pregnant rats showed an increase in the number of dead and resorbed rat embryos. Preclinical studies suggest that the inclusion of fluoxetine in pregnancy category C is justified and the appropriateness of its administration in pregnancy is still an unresolved issue.

scholarly journals Toxicological Evaluation of Two Named Herbal Remedies Sold Across Orumba South Local Government Area of Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. I. Egba ◽  
J. O. Ogbodo ◽  
P. O. Ogbodo ◽  
C. A. Obike
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
High Doses

Aim: Herbs are plants or parts of plants used for their therapeutic, aromatic or savoury values. This work studied the potential sub-chronic toxic effects of Goko and BetaB, two herbal remedies used in treating human diseases and sold in Orumba Local Government Area of Anambra state, Nigeria. Design: Experimental adult Wister female albino rats were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) of five animals per group. The first and second groups received 0.1 ml/kg body weight and 0.2 ml/kg body weight of Goko while the third and fourth groups received 0.1 ml/kg body weight and 0.2 ml/kg body weight of BetaB orally. The control group was given standard feed and clean drinking water only. Administration lasted for 14 days after which the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood samples collected for biochemical assay. Results: The results of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and concentration of serum total bilirubin and albumin showed varying significant (P < 0.05) differences when compared with the control. Conclusion: Result obtained from this study seems to suggest that Goko and BetaB may not be safe for use sub-chronically at high doses.

scholarly journals The Green Bitter Weed (Hymenoxys odorato) Plant Extract Is Toxic to the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Juma Ochieng ◽  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Musa Ajibola Iyiola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses

Background: Medicinal plants are of great importance to health of individual and communities. About 80% of the population in Uganda relies on traditional medicine because western-trained medical personnel are limited especially in villages. Most Ugandans use Hymenoxys odorato for medicinal purposes e.g. to treat colds, fever, coughs, anti-helminthes, locally used as tea, anti-allergy and also as an anti-venom to relieve snake bites. Method: A group of 25 male wistar rats of 150 g&ndash;210 g were kept for 14 days while being fed and treated with the extract. At 14th day, anesthesia was given and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical investigations. Serum was analyzed for Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase while whole blood was used for complete blood count. The liver and kidney were removed and placed in 10% formalin to prepare for histology staining using haematoxylin and eosin technique. Results: The extract elevated hepatic biomarker enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST. The increase was found to be significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) at 400 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to the control group. Histological sections of the liver showed distortion of liver cytoarchitecture, steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and congestion of the sinusoids at high doses 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In the sections of the kidney, there was mild distortion of the integrity of the kidney with glomerular hypercellularity at high doses (400 and 500 mg/kg per body weight). Conclusion: Hymenoxys odorato aqueous extract has toxic effects on the liver and kidney of wistar rats. The effects were observed to be in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Curcumin Protects the Seminal Vesicles from Metronidazole‑induced Reduction of Secretion in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Noorafshan ◽  
Saied Karbalay‑Doust
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects

Seminal vesicle secretion is important for increasing the stability of sperm chromatin, inhibition of the immune activity in the female reproductive tract and so on. Metronidazole (MTZ), a drug used for treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, may have negative effects on the genital gland including the seminal vesicles. Curcumin exhibits antioxidant as well as anti‑inflammatory properties. The present study aims to evaluate the negative effects of MTZ on the seminal vesicle structure and ameliorative effects of curcumin using stereological methods. Thirty balb/c mice were divided into six groups. The control group was received distilled water. The second and the third received higher doses of MTZ (500 mg/kg body weight/day) and MTZ (500 mg/kg/day) + 100 mg/kg/day curcumin, respectively. The fourth and the fifth were treated with lower doses of MTZ (165 mg/kg body weight/day) and MTZ (165 mg/kg body weight/day) + curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight/day), respectively. The sixth group received 100 mg/kg body weight/day curcumin. All the administrations were done by oral gavages for 14 days. After 30 days, seminal vesicles were removed. Stereological study of the seminal vesicle structure revealed a significant reduction in gland and vesicular fluid volume in MTZ‑treated (higher or lower doses) animals. Curcumin protected the reduction of both parameters in therapeutic‑dose treated animals. Metronidazole treatment does not induce structural changes in the seminal gland; however, it can have a significant impact on its secretion ability. Importantly, these deteriorations might be preventable by curcumin co‑treatment.

scholarly journals Avaluation of morphofunctional condition of rats organism for study of toxicity of the preparation tilmicosine basis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
M. I. Zhyla ◽  
I. P. Patereha ◽  
E. Tomaszewska ◽  
S. Muszynski ◽  
P. Dobrowolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Impaired Liver ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The article presents the study results of the acute and subacute toxicity of the veterinary drug “Tylmozyn 25” (solution for oral administration) based on tilmicosin. Intra-gastric administration of “Tylmozyn 25” to white mice at a dose of 25000 mg/kg of body weight caused the death of 100% of the animals, a dose of 15000 mg/kg of body weight caused the death of 66% of the white mice. The average time of death was 2 and 5 hours correspondingly. While determining the toxicity of “Tylmozyn 25” in white rats, we did not spot the death of any studied animal at any administered dose (5000, 15000, 25000 mg/kg of body weight). Based on the result of our study, we conclude that the veterinary drug Tylmozyn 25 belongs to the fourth of toxicity class – low toxic substances. LD50 of Tylmozyn 25 in white mice is 14167 mg/kg, while in white rats LD50 is higher than 25000 mg/kg. Testing on white rats intra-gastric drug “Tylmozyn 25” during for 14 days, both in therapeutic (80 mg/kg of body weight) and 10-fold doses (800 mg/kg of body weight) did not cause animal death, but caused a decrease in body weight, a significant decrease in the coefficients of weight of the liver and spleen and a tendency to increase the coefficients of weight of the heart and lungs compared with the animals of the control group. Animals which got the drug at a dose of 800 mg/kg of body weight showed erythrocytosis, leukopenia, increased enzymatic activity of AST, ALT, and LDH, the content of total protein against to decrease urea and creatinine, which may indicate impaired liver, kidney function and hematopoietic organs. The macroscopic and microscopic structure of the internal organs of the experimental rats is preserved. Rats receiving a tenfold therapeutic dose of the drug for 14 days, histologically revealed the most granular protein dystrophy in the liver and kidneys, which was manifested by discomplexation of the lamellae, presence of hepatocytes with uneven granular cytoplasm, slightly colored cytoplasm, hypertrophied nuclei, renal convoluted tubules and narrowing of their lumen, compaction of the mesh of the renal corpuscle. In the myocardium, the branching, swelling of the muscle fibers, swelling of the stroma with cell infiltrates, mainly of the lympho-histiocytic series, was observed, which indicated the development of serosa myocarditis. Structural changes in the liver, kidneys and heart were confirmed by biochemical parameters of the enzymatic activity of the serum of rats of this group.

Abstract P141: Cardiac TRH Partly Mediates Angiotensin II-induced Fibrotic and Hypertrophy Effects in "in vivo" and "in vitro" Models

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia I García ◽  
Ludmila S Peres Diaz ◽  
Maia Aisicovich ◽  
Mariano L Schuman ◽  
María S Landa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group

Cardiac TRH (cTRH) is overexpressed in the hypertrophied ventricle (LV) of the SHR. Additionally in vivo siRNA-TRH treatment induced downregulation of LV-TRH preventing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis demonstrating that TRH is involved in hypertrophic and fibrotic processes. Moreover, in a normal heart, the increase of LV TRH expression alone could induce structural changes where fibrosis and hypertrophy could be involved, independently of any other system alterations. Is well-known the cardiac hypertrophy/ fibrotic effects induced by AII, raising the question of whether specific LV cTRH inhibition might attenuates AII induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. We challenged C57 mice with AII (osmotic pumps,14 days; 2 mg/kg) to induce cardiac hypertrophy vs saline. Groups were divided and , simultaneously to pump surgery, injected intracardiac with siRNA-TRH and siRNA-Con as its control. Body weight, water consume and SABP were measured daily. As expected, AII significantly increased SABP (p<0.05) in both groups treated , although cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/body weight) was only evident in the group with the cardiac TRH system undamaged, suggesting that the cardiac TRH system function as a necessary mediator of the AII-induced hypertrophic effect. As hypothesized, we found an AII-induced increase of TRH (p<0.05) gene expression (real-t PCR) confirmed by immunofluorescence that was not observed in the group AII+siRNA-TRH demonstrating the specific siRNA treatment efficiency. Furthermore, AII significantly increase (p<0.05) BNP (hypertrophic marker), III collagen and TGFB (fibrosis markers) expressions only in the group with AII with the cardiac TRH system intact. On the contrary, the group with AII and the cTRH system inhibited, shows genes expressions similar to the saline control group. We confirmed these results by immunofluorescence. Similar fibrotic results were observed with NIH3T3 cell culture where we demonstrated that AII induced TRH gene expression (p<0.05) and its inhibition impedes AII-induced increase of TGFB and III/I collagens expressions telling us about the role of the cTRH in the AII fibrosis effects. Our results point out that the cardiac TRH is involved in the AII-induced hypertrophic and fibrotic effects.

THE ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSE APPLE (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Atun Qowiyyah ◽  
Setiadi Ihsan ◽  
Hesti Renggana ◽  
Maila Nisa Khoeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

<p>Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years and has caused serious health problems. This research was carried out to obtain alternative antiobesity therapy with more minimal side effects. Antiobesity activity of rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) leaves on female Wistar rats induced by high carbohydrate food for 45 days and subcutaneously injection of MSG 2 g/kgbw. Extraction was carried out using maceration method 96% ethanol. The test parameters observed were body weight, food intake, stool consistency and weight, liver and abdominal fat tissue weight. The results showed that high carbohydrate food and monosodium glutamate could induce obesity. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgbw body weight had antiobesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain significantly compased to positive control group (p&lt;0.05). The highest antiobesity effect was shown by the ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at a doses of 50 mg/kgbw with % inhibition of body weight gain of 169.3% to positive control group. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves may reduce appetite, but didn’t have laxative effect and couldn’t reduce fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document