scholarly journals The impact of atrazine on several biochemical properties of chernozem soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. Radivojevic ◽  
Slavica Gasic ◽  
Lj. Santric ◽  
R. Stankovic-Kalezic
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

The impact of the pesticide atrazine on biochemical processes in soil was investigated. Atrazine loadings of 8.0, 40.0 and 80.0 mg/kg soil were laboratory tested in an experiment set up on a clay loam soil. Dehydrogenase activity, change in biomass carbon, soil respiration and metabolic coefficient were examined. The samples were collected for analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after atrazine application. The acquired data indicated that the effect of atrazine on the biochemical activity of the soil depended on its application rate and duration of activity, and the effect was either stimulating or inhibiting. However, the detected changes were found to be transient, indicating that there is no real risk of the compound disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in soil.

scholarly journals Short-time effects of herbicide nicosulfuron on biochemical activity of chernozem soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Slavica Gasic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Dragana Marisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Short-time effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on biochemical activity of soil was investigated. Nicosulfuron rates of 0.3, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of soil were tested in a laboratory on chernozem soil. Dehydrogenase activity, change in microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and metabolic coefficient (qCO2) were examined. Samples were collected for the analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after nicosulfuron application. The obtained results indicated that the effect of nicosulfuron on soil biochemical activity depends on its application rate and duration of activity, and the effect was either stimulating or inhibiting. However, the changes detected were found to be transient, and therefore there is no real risk of the compound disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in chernozem soil.

The Impact of Nitrogen Placement and Tillage on NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 Fluxes from a Clay Loam Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 280 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun J. Liu ◽  
Arvin R. Mosier ◽  
Ardell D. Halvorson ◽  
Fusuo S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of biochar amendment on nitrate retention in a silty clay loam soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Libutti ◽  
Massimo Mucci ◽  
Matteo Francavilla ◽  
Massimo Monteleone
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Nitrate Retention ◽  
Addition Rate ◽  
Loam Soil

Biochar incorporation into agricultural soils has been proposed as a strategy to decrease nutrient leaching. The present study was designed to assess the effect of biochar on nitrate retention in a silty clay loam soil. Biochar obtained from the pyrogasification of fir wood chips was applied to soil and tested in a range of laboratory sorption experiments. Four soil treatments were considered: soil only (control), soil with 2, 4 and 8% of biochar by mass. The Freundlich sorption isotherm model was used to fit the adsorbed amount of nitrate in the soil-biochar mixtures. The model performed very well in interpreting the experimental data according to a general linear regression (ANCOVA) statistical approach. Nitrate retention in the soil-biochar mixtures was always higher than control, regardless the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration in the range of 0-400 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. Different sorption capacities and intensities were detected depending on the biochar application rate. The highest adsorption capacity was observed in the soils added with 2 and 4% of biochar, respectively. From the results obtained is possible to infer that nitrate retention is higher at lower biochar addition rate to soil (2 and 4%) and at lower nitrate concentration in the soil water solution. These preliminary laboratory results suggest that biochar addition to a typical Mediterranean agricultural soil could be an effective management option to mitigate nitrate leaching.

scholarly journals Biochemical and cellular properties of Gluconacetobacter xylinus cultures exposed to different modes of rotating magnetic field

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Fijałkowski ◽  
Radosław Drozd ◽  
Anna Żywicka ◽  
Adam F. Junka ◽  
Marian Kordas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a rotating magnetic field (RMF) on cellular and biochemical properties of Gluconacetobacter xylinus during the process of cellulose synthesis by these bacteria. The application of the RMF during bacterial cellulose (BC) production intensified the biochemical processes in G. xylinus as compared to the RMF-unexposed cultures. Moreover, the RMF had a positive impact on the growth of cellulose-producing bacteria. Furthermore, the application of RMF did not increase the number of mutants unable to produce cellulose. In terms of BC production efficacy, the most favorable properties were found in the setting where RMF generator was switched off for the first 72 h of cultivation and switched on for the further 72 h. The results obtained can be used in subsequent studies concerning the optimization of BC production using different types of magnetic fields including RMF, especially.

scholarly journals Isotopic composition of maize as related to N-fertilization and irrigation in the Mediterranean region

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Lasa ◽  
Iosu Irañeta ◽  
Julio Muro ◽  
Ignacio Irigoyen ◽  
Pedro María Aparicio Tejo
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
C And N ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Nitrate leaching as a result of excessive application of N-fertilizers and water use is a major problem of vulnerable regions. The farming of maize requires high N fertilization and water inputs in Spain. Isotopic techniques may provide information on the processes involved in the N and C cycles in farmed areas. The aim of this work was studying the impact of sprinkler and furrow irrigation and N input on maize (Zea mays L.) yields, and whether isotopic composition can be used as indicator of best farming practices. Trials were set up in Tudela (Spain) with three rates of N fertilization (0, 240 and 320 kg urea-N ha-1) and two irrigation systems (furrow and sprinkler). Yield, nitrogen content, irrigation parameters, N fate and C and N isotope composition were determined. The rate of N fertilization required to obtain the same yield is considerably higher under furrow irrigation, since the crop has less N at its disposal in furrow irrigation as a result of higher loss of nitrogen by NO3--N leaching and denitrification. A lower δ13C in plants under furrow irrigation was recorded.The δ15N value of plant increased with the application rate of N under furrow irrigation.

Fate of applied biosolids nitrogen in a cut and remove forage system on an alluvial clay loam soil

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixin Pu ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Glenn Barry ◽  
Peter Want
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Alluvial Clay

The fate of nitrogen (N) applied in biosolids was investigated in a forage production system on an alluvial clay loam soil in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Biosolids were applied in October 2002 at rates of 6, 12, 36, and 54 dry t/ha for aerobically digested biosolids (AE) and 8, 16, 48, and 72 dry t/ha for anaerobically digested biosolids (AN). Rates were based on multiples of the Nitrogen Limited Biosolids Application rate (0.5, 1, 3, and 4.5NLBAR) for each type of biosolid. The experiment included an unfertilised control and a fertilised control that received multiple applications of synthetic fertiliser. Forage sorghum was planted 1 week after biosolids application and harvested 4 times between December 2002 and May 2003. Dry matter production was significantly greater from the biosolids-treated plots (21–27 t/ha) than from the unfertilised (16 t/ha) and fertilised (18 t/ha) controls. The harvested plant material removed an extra 148–488 kg N from the biosolids-treated plots. Partial N budgets were calculated for the 1NLBAR and 4.5NLBAR treatments for each biosolids type at the end of the crop season. Crop removal only accounted for 25–33% of the applied N in the 1NLBAR treatments and as low as 8–15% with 4.5NLBAR. Residual biosolids N was predominantly in the form of organic N (38–51% of applied biosolids N), although there was also a significant proportion (10–23%) as NO3-N, predominantly in the top 0.90 m of the soil profile. From 12 to 29% of applied N was unaccounted for, and presumed to be lost as gaseous nitrogen and/or ammonia, as a consequence of volatilisation or denitrification, respectively. In-season mineralisation of organic N in biosolids was 43–59% of the applied organic N, which was much greater than the 15% (AN)–25% (AE) expected, based on current NLBAR calculation methods. Excessive biosolids application produced little additional biomass but led to high soil mineral N concentrations that were vulnerable to multiple loss pathways. Queensland Guidelines need to account for higher rates of mineralisation and losses via denitrification and volatilisation and should therefore encourage lower application rates to achieve optimal plant growth and minimise the potential for detrimental impacts on the environment.

scholarly journals Soil Amendment with Biosolids and Inorganic Fertilizers: Effects on Biochemical Properties and Oxidative Stress in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Nadia de la Portilla ◽  
Rocio Vaca ◽  
Martha E. Mora-Herrera ◽  
Liliana Salinas ◽  
Pedro del Aguila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We investigated changes in biochemical activity of a soil cultivated with Ocimum basilicum L. plants and in the oxidative stress of plants caused by the addition of biosolids and inorganic fertilizer. A greenhouse experiment was set up; it consisted of pots containing basil plants to which different treatments with biosolids and fertilizers were added. After 10 and 210 days of the incorporation of the treatments, both the biochemical properties and oxidative stress of the plants were evaluated. Mineralization of nitrogen (N) and respiratory activity increased with a higher dose of biosolid after 10 days of application. After 210 days, there were no changes in the mineralization of N and respiratory activity, catalase showed an increase, while microbial biomass carbon decreased. In relation to the oxidative stress, there was a decrease in the anthocyanin antioxidant capacity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total flavonoids, and phenolic compounds were observed in soils treated with biosolids. The results indicated that the biochemical properties of the soil were favored in the presence of biosolids because they increased, especially after 10 days of application. The antioxidant capacity decreased in the presence of biosolids, which suggests that the amendment does not affect such capacity, and therefore oxidative stress could be reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of metribuzin on the activity of some enzymes in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Slavica Gasic ◽  
Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Set Up

Effects of metribuzin on the activity of some enzymes in soil was investigated. Trials were set up in the laboratory on a clay loam soil. Metribuzin was applied at 12.0, 24.0 and 60.0 mg/kg soil rates and soil samples were collected 3, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days after metribuzin treatment for analyses. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, urease and ?-glucosidase were recorded. The results showed that the intensity of metribuzin effects on the activity of enzymes depended on treatment rate, exposure time and enzyme group. Metribuzin had an inhibiting effect on acid phosphatese and dehydrogenase, as well as on alkaline phosphatase in the initial stage before it turned into a stimulating one, while metribuzin stimulated urease and had no effect on ?-glucosidase.

scholarly journals Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zaborowska ◽  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The knowledge about the impact of BPA on soil health does not correspond to the great interest in its analogues. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of BPA on the biochemical properties of soil. The study also evaluated the effectiveness of two biostimulants in eliminating potential homeostasis disorders caused by BPA. Materials and methods A pot experiment was conducted under supervised conditions. BPA at five contamination levels was added to the soil of the granulometric composition of sandy loam at 0, 0.1, 2, 40 and 800 mg BPA kg−1 of a dry matter (DM) of soil. The biochemical activity of the soil was interpreted through the activity of dehydrogenases (Deh), urease (Ure), catalase (Cat), acid phosphatase (Pac), alkaline phosphatase (Pal), arylsulphatase (Aryl) and β-glucosidase (Glu) whose activity was determined on days 5, 15 and 45 of the study. The biostimulative potential of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 (which eliminates the undesirable effects of BPA on the parameters) was expressed with IFB—the factor of the impact of increasing of bisphenol (BP) soil contamination levels. The response of spring barley to increasing BPA pressure was analysed with the plant resistance index (RS). The study was made more comprehensive by determination of the macronutrient content in the plants. Results and discussion The sensitivity of individual enzymes to increasing bisphenol pressure on the 45th day of the experiment can be arranged in the following sequence: Deh > Ure > Glu > Pac > Cat > Aryl > Pal. Biostimulation of soil with Chlorella sp. gave better results than with rhamnolipid 90. A compilation of BPA 800 mg BPA kg−1 DM of soil and Chlorella sp. brought about an increase in the activity of Glu on the 45th day of the experiment and Pac, Pal and Aryl on the 5th day. Only at this contamination level did BPA stimulate the crop growth in all the parallel plots except in those biostimulated by Chlorella sp. Only algae significantly reduced the negative BPA impact on the N, Ca and K content in spring barley. Conclusions The experiment emphasised the significant inhibitory impact of BPA on the biochemical activity of soil which, in consequence, upset the microbial balance of soil processes. Chlorella sp. played a more important role in maintaining the soil homeostasis than rhamnolipid 90, which did not correspond to its negative impact on the yield of spring barley.

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