scholarly journals Influence of decyl glucoside on the electrodeposition of tin

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Charrouf ◽  
Said Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Cherkaoui ◽  
Mahassin Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Acidic Sulphate

The aim of the present study was to improve an electrochemical deposition bath for tin coating an acidic sulphate medium by addition of decyl glucoside. The effects of this additve on the deposition kinetics were examined by electrochemical methods, namely voltammetry and galvanostatic tin-layer formation, while scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis allowed the determination of the morphological and structural modifications resulting from the addition of this new surface active agent. The presence of the examined additive induced an increase of the activation energy and of the overvoltage of the reduction of stannous ions. From the morphological point of view, a marked decrease in the grain size of the deposit was achieved in the presence of the additive. The preferential crystal growth axes was also changed from Sn (200) without additive to Sn (112) with the additive.

The Preparation of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanometer Particle by Co-Precipitation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Ma ◽  
Lei Hao Cui ◽  
Guang Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Nanometer Particle

In this paper, the Fe3O4 magnetic nanometer particle was prepared by co-precipitation method. At the same time, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the surface active agent (PEG4000) can be good for the dispersion performance of Fe3O4 magnetic nanometer particle; and the temperature of 80°C is the appropriate drying temperature to prepare the Fe3O4 magnetic nanometer particle.

On-Demand Hydrogen Generator Based on the Reaction between Aluminum Slurry and Alkaline Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3242-3245
Author(s):  
Xia Ni Huang ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Da Chen ◽  
Yue Xiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Aluminum Particle ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Hydrogen Generator ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Particles ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In the present work, the aqueous slurry containing 30 wt% solid aluminum particles was prepared, using paraffin oil and oleic acid dispersant and surface active agent respectively. The results showed that no obvious aluminum particle sediment was observed even after being kept it at room temperature in air up to 15 days. The hydrogen generator based on the reaction of the aluminum slurry and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was manufactured and could supply a maximum hydrogen flow rate of 20 NL/min. The dew point of the hydrogen from the generator was lower than -40oC, indicating the high purity of the as-obtained hydrogen. As expected the X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the byproduct was bayerite.

scholarly journals Determination of Surface-active Agent. IV

1962 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020
Author(s):  
Toyozo Uno ◽  
Koichiro Miyajima ◽  
Chieko Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Surface Active

Diffractografic Analysis of AISI 420 Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoş Cristian Achiţei ◽  
Mirabela Georgiana Minciună
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Aisi 420

The paper presents a study on the structure of AISI 420 steel after heat treatments. The experiments start with a spectral analysis for determination of percents for alloying elements. Based on obtained results was establish of heat treatments parameters, which can be applied on AISI 420 steel. By thermal processing can be influenced positive on structural modifications and implied on mechanical properties. Structural modifications were highlight by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Development of Nifedipine Amorphous Solid Dispersion Composed of Surface-Active Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Sukannika Tubtimsri ◽  
Yotsanan Weerapol
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Agent ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersion ◽  
Polysorbate 80 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer

The amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) containing amino methacrylate copolymer and surface-active agents were prepared to improve the nifedipine (NDP) dissolution. The different types of surface-active agent i.e., polysorbates 80, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were used. In order to evaluate the ASDs formulation,powder X-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis to characterize NDP crystallinity in ASDs and the dissolution study of NDP have been performed to compare the dissolution profiles. The ASDs were kept for 6 months to investigate the stability. In the X-ray diffraction pattern, no peak was observed in all samples of ASDs. No peak was found in sample of all ASDs from the thermograms. These results suggest that the drug may be molecularly dispersed in matrix of amino methacrylate copolymer. The drug dissolution at 120 min, from ASDs without surface-active agent and NDP powder were 58.31% and 17.95%, respectively. The dissolved NDP from ASDs composed of SLS, polysorbate 80 and PEG400 were 96.25%, 88.86% and 75.32%, respectively. These results may occur due to the reduction of surface tension, the addition of the low amount of high efficiency of surface-active agent e.g., SLS (compared with PEG400 and polysorbate 80) provided the higher NDP dissolution. The content analysis of NDP in selected ASDs was studied at the end of 3 and 6 months, the NDP content remained unchanged after storage.

The Crystal Structure of Rubber Hydrochloride

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-856
Author(s):  
C. W. Bunn ◽  
E. V. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Temperature Melting

Abstract “Rubber hydrochloride”, the crystalline substances made by addition of hydrogen chloride to rubber, is of interest for two reasons. First, the periodicity along the fibre axis of drawn specimens indicates that the carbon chain has not the simple plane zigzag form found in paraffin hydrocarbons, but is somewhat shortened by folding. There is similar evidence that several other chain polymers also have folded chains; the elucidation of the geometry of such molecules would form a useful contribution to our knowledge of the stereochemistry of carbon compounds in general and chain polymers in particular. Rubber hydrochloride appeared to be a suitable substance for crystallographic investigation from this point of view: it gives a well-defined x-ray diffraction pattern. Moreover, a prediction of the chain form has been made on the basis of a knowledge of the periodicity and the use of a hypothesis which has been called the principle of staggered bonds. The determination of the structure by x-ray methods forms the first test of the validity and usefulness of this hypothesis. Secondly, rubber hydrochloride is interesting on account of its physical properties. Unlike rubber itself, it is crystalline at room temperature, “melting” at about 115° C. The present work on its crystal structure forms part of a program of research being carried out in this laboratory, and is a contribution to the attempt to understand the physical properties of chain polymers in terms of molecular structure.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid hexamolybdochromate (С6H5NO2)2[H3O]4[CrMo6O18(OH)6].4Н2О

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Garry Z. Kaziev ◽  
◽  
Anna F. Stepnova ◽  
Van Bang Nguyen ◽  
Viktor N. Khrustalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

The Chemistry of heteropoly compounds (HPC) is one of the modern direction of Coordination chemistry. In current times, the high importance in the development of HPC chemistry is the synthesis of new hybrid, organic-inorganic heteropolystructures with preassigned physicochemical properties as well as the determination of common factors of change in these properties depending on the composition and structure. The X-ray diffraction study of the obtained compounds has showed that the packing of molecules into crystals is carried out with the formation of through channels along the c axis, which can play a significant role, for example, during catalytic processes. The ability of natural nicotinic acid to form complexes with heteropolyanion [CrMo6(ОН)6O18]4- is known. The high biological activity of nicotinic acid, as well as the activity of a number of polymetallates to the suppression of certain types of viruses which was described in the literature, make it possible to consider hybrid materials based on these substances promising from the point of view of the consciousness of new pharmaceuticals. Based on this data, we have synthesized pyridine-3-carboxylic acid hexamolybdochromate of composition (С6H5NO2)2[H3O]4[CrMo6O18(OH)6].4Н2О. The compound was studied by chemical, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, NMR and IR spectroscopic methods of analysis. It is established that the synthesized compound crystallizes in triclinic syngony with unit cell parameters: а = 9.1640(8)Å, b = 10.6441(11)Å, с = 10.8241(12)Å; α = 95.968(10)°, β = 109.864(12)°, γ = 105.059(11)°; calc .= 2.502 g/cm3, V = 937.2(2) Å3; Z = 1.

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