scholarly journals Investigation of the possibility of the reutilization of some industrial wastes

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kostic-Pulek ◽  
S. Marinkovic ◽  
S. Popov ◽  
J. Djinovic
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
Ir Analysis

The utilization of nitrogypsum and bottom ash, wastes from the factory "Milan Blagojevic" (Lucani?Serbia), was investigated. For this purpose, mixtures composed of calcined nitrogypsum (CaSO4. 0,5H2O), ash (mass ratio 1:1) and water (water/solid mass ratio 0.5), as well as similar mixtures consisting of 1.0 mass%5.0 mass%10.0mass%of lime (CaO) with the same gypsum/ash and water/solid mass ratios, were prepared. These mixtures gave solidified products at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, which after 28 days had satisfactory compressive strengths for application in the civil industry. The product with 5.0mass%of added lime has the best mechanical characeristics. X-ray and qualitative IR analysis showed that this product mainly consisted of calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O) and carbonates, as well as a small quantity of ettringite (3CaO.Al2O3.3CaSO4.32H2O).

Effect on the Alkali-Activator Mixing Ratio of Geopolymer Mortar Using Bottom Ash

2011 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Si Hwan Kim ◽  
Gum Sung Ryu ◽  
Kyung Taek Koh ◽  
Su Tae Kang ◽  
Jang Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Alkali Activator ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
And Storage

This Study purposed to review on the strength of geopolymer mortar and the change in liquidity depending on the mixing ratio of alkali-activator in developing the geopolymer mortar using bottom ash as binder. Alkali-activator was used through mixing 9M-Sodium hydroxide (SH) and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate(SS) and its strength was measured by material age after curing for 48 hours at 60°C. As a result, the pressure strength was shown as 40MP when the mass ratios of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate were35 vs. 65 and 50 vs. 50, but the solution of the mass ratio of 50 vs. 50 showed the rapid solid phenomenon in the process of mortar manufacturing, thereby disadvantage in construction. In addition, in case of storing the mixed solution in room temperature, as the mix ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide increases, the solution solidified. Accordingly, when considering on strength, liquidity and storage, it’s most preferable to fix the mass ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate at 35 vs. 65.

Influence of Curing Temperature on Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Danúbia Lisbôa da Costa ◽  
Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Sandro Marden Torres
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Application Potential

Geopolymers, also known as inorganic polymers, are aluminosilicates with cementing characteristics that have great application potential. They are produced by the alkaline activation of aluminosilicates precursors such as industrial wastes, calcined clays, natural minerals, among others and have their properties intimately associated to characteristics of the precursor materials and curing conditions. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of geopolymers obtained from metakaolin according to the curing temperature. The geopolymerization was reached by the mixture of metakaolin with NaOH and the curing of the specimens was held at room temperature, 60°C and 100°C. The specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and SEM. The mechanical strength was determined by flexural test. The results show that the process of geopolymerization suffers a direct influence of the curing temperature used.

Effect of Time on the Fabrication of Bioresorbable Biphasic Granules of Gypsum-Carbonated Apatite for Paediatric Orthopaedic Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Syazana Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Farhana Hisham ◽  
Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Yazid Abdul Manaf ◽  
Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Paediatric Orthopaedic

A carbonated apatite (CO3Ap) has a closer chemical composition to the bone mineral which may be suit as an artificial bone substitute. In this study, the fabrication works of biphasic gypsum-carbonated apatite granules has been done through the phase transformation by carbonation and phosphorization of the gypsum granules. Gypsum also known as calcium sulphate dihydrate (CSD) granules was immersed into the 2 M of carbonate and phosphate salt solution at 50 °C and room temperature in variable time. The effect of time on the fabrication of biphasic granules were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD analysis was done to confirm the formation of gypsum and hydroxyapatite phases in the biphasic granules. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the formation of carbonate apatite was formed in these biphasic granules. The cross sectional morphology of the biphasic granules was observed using SEM. The compositional elucidation was quantitatively measured by CHN analysis to obtain the contents of CO3.Based on the results obtained, it is observed that the CSD was successfully transformed into carbonated apatite to form biphasic granules and time had influenced on the fabrication of these biphasic.

scholarly journals Formation of modified whitlockite-related calcium phosphates under conditions of coprecipitation from aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Strutynska ◽  
◽  
M.S. Slobodyanik ◽  
Y.O. Titov ◽  
I.A. Kraievska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Cations ◽  
Trigonal System ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Related Phase

The features of phase formation during wet coprecipitation from aqueous system Сa2+–NO3––Х (Х – NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, Na3PO4) at the molar ratio Са2+/РО43–=1.6 and room temperature have been investigated. It was found formation of whitlockite-related calcium phosphates (trigonal system, space group R-3c). The results of elemental analysis indicated the chemical modification of calcium phosphates by sodium cations (samples contained 0.3–0.6 wt.% Na+). According to the resulta of thermogravimetry, the synthesized samples contained up to 6 wt.% of sorption water. Heating of samples to the temperature of 6000C is accompanied by water removal and an increase in particle size from 20–50 nm to 500 nm. It was shown that the use of sodium nitrate as a source of sodium cations in the formation of sodium-containing calcium phosphates allows obtaining compositions of whitlockite- and apatite-related phases. The mass ratio of phases can be adjusted by changing the content of sodium cations in the initial solution. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Optimized conditions for preparation of whitlockite-related sodium-containing calcium phosphates as well as composites based on them with apatite-related phase can be further used in the development of materials with the required resorption rate for orthopedics.

scholarly journals Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from Tavan tolgoi deposit

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
B Purevsuren ◽  
S Jargalmaa ◽  
B Bat-Ulzil ◽  
B Avid ◽  
T Gerelmaa
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Dissolution ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Coal Organic Matter

On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the Tavan tolgoi coal is a high-rank G mark stone coal. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Tavan tolgoi coal is a subbituminous coal. The ash of Tavan tolgoi coal has an acidic character. The results of pyrolysis of Tavan tolgoi coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield - 5.0% of liquid product can be obtained at 700°C. The results of thermal dissolution of Tavan tolgoi coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at 450°C show that 50.0% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the COM (coal organic matter). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.191 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p12-19

Crystallization of Cis-Polyisoprenes in a Capillary Rheometer. I

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Folt ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
C. E. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Capillary Rheometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Commercial Processing

Abstract Natural rubber is readily crystallized under the pressure and orientation forces existing in a capillary rheometer. The crystallization of natural rubber is readily effected over the temperature range covering commercial processing and fabricating temperatures. The crystalline rubber is stable at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The observed crystalline melting point increases with increasing crystallization temperatures. Wide angle x-ray pictures show the crystals to be highly oriented in the direction of flow. Electron micrographs of fracture surfaces of the crystalline rubber show the existence of a very complex morphology. Where the degree of orientation is highest, a fibrillar structure is observed parallel to the direction of flow. The fibrillar structure changes to a shish-kebab structure about midway down the capillary. Apparently, a regrouping occurs with chain folded lamellae forming at right angles to the oriented fibrillar type crystals. A rotation of the chain-folded lamellae may occur as the exit end of the capillary is approached.

scholarly journals The products of selenite hydrothermal treatment in lithium chloride solutions

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Marinkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Kostic-Pulek ◽  
Mirjana Djuricic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate

Selenite was boiled in LiCl solutions of different concentrations (1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5M) at the respective boiling temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The products were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, qualitative infrared analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and microscopic examination. The product obtained in the 1 M LiCl solution was the ?-form of calcium sulphate hemihydrate (?-CaSO4.0.5H2O). In more concentrated LiCl solutons, 2M and 3 M, the ?-form of calcium sulphate hemihydrate (?-CaSO4.0.5H2O) was formed. The product obtained in the 4MLiCl solution was also the ?-form of calcium sulphate hemihydrate, only mixed with the ?-form of calcium sulphate (?-CaSO4). Finally, in the 5 M LiCl solution the ?-form of calcium sulphate or ?-anhydrite was formed.

scholarly journals Time-resolved laboratory micro-X-ray fluorescence reveals silicon distribution in relation to manganese toxicity in soybean and sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Lachlan W Casey ◽  
F Pax C Blamey ◽  
Peter M Kopittke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

Abstract Background and Aims Synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) is a powerful technique to quantify the distribution of elements in physically large intact samples, including live plants, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, analysis of light elements with atomic number (Z) less than that of phosphorus is challenging due to the need for a vacuum, which of course is not compatible with live plant material, or the availability of a helium environment. Method A new laboratory µ-XRF instrument was used to examine the effects of silicon (Si) on the manganese (Mn) status of soybean (Glycine max) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) grown at elevated Mn in solution. The use of a helium environment allowed for highly sensitive detection of both Si and Mn to determine their distribution. Key Results The µ-XRF analysis revealed that when Si was added to the nutrient solution, the Si also accumulated in the base of the trichomes, being co-located with the Mn and reducing the darkening of the trichomes. The addition of Si did not reduce the concentrations of Mn in accumulations despite seeming to reduce its adverse effects. Conclusions The ability to gain information on the dynamics of the metallome or ionome within living plants or excised hydrated tissues can offer valuable insights into their ecophysiology, and laboratory µ-XRF is likely to become available to more plant scientists for use in their research.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Methoxy-Dimethylbenzene and its Application in Gasoline

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Feng Tao Chen ◽  
San Chuan Yu ◽  
Shi Shen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Graphite ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity

P, Mo metal-salt catalysts (MxOy-MoO3-P2O5,M = Cu, V, Ni, Cr) were prepared and investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity for the electrochemical catalytic oxidation ofp-xylene in methanol solvent assisted with a pair of porous graphite plane electrodes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Higher than 88% chemical conversion of the main product (methoxy-dimethylbenzene) was observed, and the products used as booster to improve fuel combustion were also studied.

Geopolymeric Cements Obtained by Alkaline Activation of Aluminosilicates from Industrial Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozineide A. Antunes Boca Santa ◽  
Leticya Lais Coelho ◽  
Jarina Costa Moreira ◽  
Domingos Lusitâneo Pier Macuvele ◽  
Larissa M.F. Speranzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The development of geopolymer in this work prioritized the use of industrial wastes including bottom ash from the coal burning and metakaolin from purification and thermal treatment of waste paper. The main objective was the synthesis to obtaining geopolymer cement to verify the characteristics of the material. The alkaline activator used was a mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in molar ratio of 12 and 15 M and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes were performed for characterization. The XRD patterns show changes in the microstructure of the feedstock. Through the micrographs it can be seen that the samples show various aspects of geopolimerization. Geopolymeric materials can be presented as a viable alternative to meet the great demand in the cement area and contribute to the utilization of industrial wastes.

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