scholarly journals Experimental investigation on the formation mechanism of the TiFe alloy by the molten-salt electrolytic titanium concentrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shi ◽  
C. Bai ◽  
M. Hu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
J. Du
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Electrolytic Titanium

The ferrotitanium alloy was prepared in the molten CaCl2 system, in which resolidified ilmenite and the graphite crucible were used as cathode and anode. In this study, the electrolytic voltage was fixed at 3.1V, and three different temperatures were applied: 850oC, 875oC and 900?C. Finally, the product was examined by SEM and XRD to determine the phase transformation after the electrolysis. The results show that the ilmenite was firstly reduced to Fe, and finally the TiFe alloy was formed. The intermediate products include CaTiO3, TiO2, Ti2O3, TiO, Fe, TiFe2, and Ti. Different product and structure can be obtained by changing temperature. According to thermodynamic calculation, the principal electroreduction products are Ti and TiFe2 and then Ti and TiFe2 are formed by interdiffusion which is governed by temperature.

Experimental investigation of a molten salt thermocline storage tank

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
Xiaoxi Yang ◽  
Frank G.F. Qin ◽  
Runhua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Storage Tank

scholarly journals Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of BaB6 from molten melt

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Jose ◽  
L. Sundar ◽  
L.J. Berchmans ◽  
A. Visuvasam ◽  
S. Angappan
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Lithium Fluoride ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Micron Size

Barium hexaboride (BaB6) crystals were electrochemically synthesized using molten salt technique. Barium carbonate (BaCO3) and boron trioxide (B2O3) was used as reactants. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was used as the supporting electrolyte. The molten electrolyte consisted of 50 wt % BaCO3 and B2O3 with different stiochiometric ratios of Ba and B and 50 wt % lithium fluoride. DTA/TGA studies were made to determine the eutectic point of the melt and it was found to be around 821oC. The electrolytic cell had a high purity graphite crucible, which served as the electrolyte holding vessel and also as the anode for the electrolysis. An electro-polished molybdenum rod was employed as the cathode. The electrolysis was performed at 870?C under argon atmosphere, at current densities ranging from 0.2-0.5 A/cm2. The electrodeposited crystals were examined for the phase identification using X-ray diffraction technique. The AAS and the chemical analysis were made for the determination of chemical composition of the synthesized crystals. The purity of the crystals was also assessed using ICP-MS, XRF and EDX, which reveal that the crystals were associated with trace amount of impurities like oxygen, carbon and iron. The compound is found to be more than 99 % pure. The morphology of the crystals was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From the above studies, it is concluded that the molten salt process is a simple preparative procedure for the synthesis of sub-micron size barium hexaboride crystals.

Cerium oxide capping on Y-doped HfO2 films for ferroelectric phase stabilization with endurance improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Mizutani ◽  
Takuya HOSHII ◽  
Hitoshi WAKABAYASHI ◽  
Kazuo TSUTSUI ◽  
Edward Yi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Remnant Polarization ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Conductive Filament ◽  
Phase Stabilization ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ferroelectric Switching

Abstract The effects of 1-nm-thick CeOx capping on 7.5-nm-thick Y-doped HfO2 films on the ferroelectric characteristics are investigated. From the ferroelectric characteristics of the samples annealed at different temperatures from 450 to 600oC and annealing durations, the time (τ) required to stabilize the ferroelectric phase at each temperature was shortened by the capping. The identical activation energy (Ea) of 2.65 eV for ferroelectric stabilization without and with capping suggests the same kinetics for phase transformation. However, an increase in the remnant polarization (Pr) was obtained. Only a few Ce atoms diffused into the underlying HfO2 film even after 600oC annealing. Ferroelectric switching tests revealed an improvement in endurance from 107 to 1010 by the capping, presumably owing to the suppression of conductive filament formation. Therefore, CeOx capping is effective in promoting the ferroelectric phase in HfO2 with high switching endurance.

Phase Transformation of Tangshan Ironstone-Tailings at Different Temperatures

2008 ◽  
pp. 1532-1534
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhou Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Different Temperatures

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the Zn–Fe–Sb system

Calphad ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxi Zhu ◽  
Xuping Su ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Changjun Wu ◽  
Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculation
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