The significance of cytokines in diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Lilika Zvezdanovic; Vidosava Djordjevic; Vladan Cosic; Tatjana Cvetkovic; Slavica Kundalic; Aleksandra Stankovic

doi:10.2298/jmb0604363z

The significance of cytokines in diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija ◽

10.2298/jmb0604363z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 363-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lilika Zvezdanovic ◽

Vidosava Djordjevic ◽

Vladan Cosic ◽

Tatjana Cvetkovic ◽

Slavica Kundalic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases

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Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-19-00168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 439-456

Author(s):

Jenny L. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Laryngeal Function ◽

The Past ◽

Referral Practices ◽

Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

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