scholarly journals A proposal for the application of prototype theory to the lexicographic treatment of polysemy in Serbian

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Ana Halas-Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Polysemous Word ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

This paper has proposed a model of treatment of polysemy in monolingual dictionaries of Serbian, which is based on the idea of the solid grounding of lexicographic practice in cognitive linguistic theory. A polysemous structure is understood here as a prototype-based category whose senses are mutually related on the basis of family resemblance, while the derivation of senses is motivated and the whole structure is hierarchically organised. The proposed model has been built on the foundation comprised of these main features of polysemy as understood within the framework of prototype theory. In order to be in accordance with the idea of the firm theoretical foundation of lexicographic practice, the presentation of the model has been divided into a lexicological and a lexicographic aspect. The lexicological aspect has included the formation of a polysemous structure. This model enables a clear insight into all derivational paths within a polysemous structure, mutual relations among senses as well as the hierarchical position of each individual sense. As such, it represents a theoretical basis or even a pattern for the formation of a dictionary entry for a polysemous word, i.e. for the lexicographic aspect of the proposed model. The main characteristics of the lexicographic aspect are the following: sense definitions contain a formal indication of the derivational link between a superordinate sense and its subsense and a dictionary entry is hierarchically structured. A sample entry for a highly polysemous verb in Serbian has been formed as an illustration of the proposed principles for tailoring a dictionary entry. The given principles result in achieving the transparency of motivated derivation of senses, their mutual relatedness on the basis of family resemblance as well as their hierarchical organisation, which is a necessary prerequisite for a reliable lexicographic description of a polysemous word expected to satisfy the needs of various types of dictionary users more efficiently. Overall, the solid scientific foundation of this model ensures the higher practical efficiency of the treatment of polysemy.

scholarly journals Sense Discrimination in Five English Learner’s Dictionaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Ana Halas
Keyword(s):  
Final Outcome ◽  
Polysemous Word ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
English Monolingual

Abstract This paper presents the comparison of sense discrimination strategies including the structure and organization of a polysemous word entry in five English monolingual learner’s dictionaries with the aim of gaining an insight into the aspects of sense division where the given dictionaries agree and disagree. The final outcome of the analysis is the selection of features contributing to the establishment of the user friendliest sense discrimination system in a pedagogical dictionary

scholarly journals Modelling the Polysemy of Spatial Prepositions in Referring Expressions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Richard-Bollans ◽  
Lucía Gómez Álvarez ◽  
Anthony G. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
The Given ◽  
Grounded Semantics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Theoretical Developments

In previous work exploring how to automatically generate typicality measures for spatial prepositions in grounded settings, we considered a semantic model based on Prototype Theory and introduced a method for learning its parameters from data. However, though there is much to suggest that spatial prepositions exhibit polysemy, each term was treated as exhibiting a single sense. The ability for terms to represent distinct but related meanings is unexplored in the work on grounded semantics and referring expressions, where even homonymy is rarely considered. In this paper we address this problem by analysing the issue of reference using spatial language and examining how the polysemy exhibited by spatial prepositions can be incorporated into semantic models for situated dialogue. We support our approach on theoretical developments of Prototype Theory, which suggest that polysemy may be analysed in terms of radial categories, characterised by having several prototypicality centres. After providing a brief overview of polysemy in spatial language and a review of the related work, we define the Baseline Model and discuss how polysemy may be incorporated to improve it. We introduce a method of identifying polysemes based on `ideal meanings' and a modification of the `principled polysemy' framework. In order to compare polysemes and aid typicality judgements we then introduce a notion of `polyseme hierarchy'. Subsequently, we test the performance of the extended Polysemy Model by comparing it to the Baseline Model as well as a data-driven model of polysemy which we derive with a clustering algorithm. We conclude that our method for incorporating polysemy into the Baseline Model provides significant improvement. Finally, we analyse the properties and behaviour of the generated Polysemy Model, providing some insight into the improvement in performance, as well as justification for the given methods.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE THEORY BEHIND LEXICOGRAPHIC PRACTICE: THE CASE OF SYNONYMY

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Ana Halas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
General Character ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

This paper analyzes the representation of synonymy within entries in English dictionaries of synonyms and thesauri with the aim of revealing and comparing theoretical views of this phenomenon that these lexicographic resources are based on as well as gaining an insight into the general character of the theoretical foundation of English lexicographic practice related to the treatment of synonymy. The mentioned theoretical views are determined on the basis of two aspects: the scope of the notion of synonymy and the relation between synonymy and polysemy. The results of the analysis have shown that the theoretical foundation of the given practice is two-type taking into account both examined aspects. The analyzed lexicographic resources are based on near-synonymy exhibiting two types – the one with a narrower and the one with a broader scope. Moreover, synonymy and polysemy are viewed in two ways: as independent lexical phenomena or as interrelated phenomena, inseparable from each other.    Key words: synonymy, synonym set, polysemy, English, lexicography, dictionary of synonyms, thesaurus.   

Mobile-Friendly Dashboards to Display Associations Between Cited-by and Similar Journals on Mobile Health Research: A Bibliometric Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Density Indices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND Researchers often spend a great deal of time and effort retrieving related journals for their studies and submissions. Authors often designate one article and then retrieve other articles that are related to the given one using PubMed’s service for finding cited-by or similar articles. However, to date, none present the association between cited-by and similar journals related to a given journal. Authors need one effective and efficient way to find related journals on the topic of mobile health research. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to show the related journals for a given journal by both cited-by and similarity criteria; (2) to present the association between cited-by and similarity journals related to a given journal; (3) to inspect the patterns of network density indices among clusters classified by social network analysis (SNA); (4) to investigate the feature of Kendall's coefficient(W) of concordance. METHODS We obtained 676 abstracts since 2013 from Medline based on the keywords of ("JMIR mHealth and uHealth"[Journal]) on June 30, 2018, and plotted the clusters of related journals on Google Maps by using MS Excel modules. The features of network density indices were examined. The Kendall coefficient (W) was used to assess the concordance of clusters across indices. RESULTS This study found that (1) the journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth are easily presented on dashboards; (2) a mild association(=0.14) exists between cited-by and similar journals related to JMIR mHealth and uHealth; (3) the median Impact Factor were 3.37 and 2.183 based on the representatives of top ten clusters grouped by the cited-by and similar journals, respectively; (4) all Kendall’s coefficients(i.e., 0.82, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.75) for the four sets of density centrality have a statistically significant concordance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SNA provides deep insight into the relationships of related journals to a given journal. The results of this research can provide readers with a knowledge and concept diagram to use with future submissions to a given journal in the subject category of Mobile Health Research. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

A Hindi Image Caption Generation Framework Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Rijul Dhir ◽  
Sriparna Saha ◽  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Image Captioning ◽  
Textual Description ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hindi Language ◽  
The Given

Image captioning is the process of generating a textual description of an image that aims to describe the salient parts of the given image. It is an important problem, as it involves computer vision and natural language processing, where computer vision is used for understanding images, and natural language processing is used for language modeling. A lot of works have been done for image captioning for the English language. In this article, we have developed a model for image captioning in the Hindi language. Hindi is the official language of India, and it is the fourth most spoken language in the world, spoken in India and South Asia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to generate image captions in the Hindi language. A dataset is manually created by translating well known MSCOCO dataset from English to Hindi. Finally, different types of attention-based architectures are developed for image captioning in the Hindi language. These attention mechanisms are new for the Hindi language, as those have never been used for the Hindi language. The obtained results of the proposed model are compared with several baselines in terms of BLEU scores, and the results show that our model performs better than others. Manual evaluation of the obtained captions in terms of adequacy and fluency also reveals the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Availability of resources : The codes of the article are available at https://github.com/santosh1821cs03/Image_Captioning_Hindi_Language ; The dataset will be made available: http://www.iitp.ac.in/∼ai-nlp-ml/resources.html .

scholarly journals Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Korean Honorific Expressions

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Yongkeun Hwang ◽  
Yanghoon Kim ◽  
Kyomin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Neural machine translation (NMT) is one of the text generation tasks which has achieved significant improvement with the rise of deep neural networks. However, language-specific problems such as handling the translation of honorifics received little attention. In this paper, we propose a context-aware NMT to promote translation improvements of Korean honorifics. By exploiting the information such as the relationship between speakers from the surrounding sentences, our proposed model effectively manages the use of honorific expressions. Specifically, we utilize a novel encoder architecture that can represent the contextual information of the given input sentences. Furthermore, a context-aware post-editing (CAPE) technique is adopted to refine a set of inconsistent sentence-level honorific translations. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, honorific-labeled test data is required. Thus, we also design a heuristic that labels Korean sentences to distinguish between honorific and non-honorific styles. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms sentence-level NMT baselines both in overall translation quality and honorific translations.

Transforming Family Resemblance Concepts into Fuzzy Sets

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098619
Author(s):  
Francesco Veri
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Power Mean

This article aims to clarify fundamental aspects of the process of assigning fuzzy scores to conditions based on family resemblance (FR) structures by considering prototype and set theories. Prototype theory and set theory consider FR structures from two different angles. Specifically, set theory links the conceptualization of FR to the idea of sufficient and INUS (Insufficient but Necessary part of a condition, which is itself Unnecessary but Sufficient for the result) sets. In contrast, concept membership in prototype theory is strictly linked to the notion of similarity (or resemblance) in relation to the prototype, which is the anchor of the ideational content of the concept. After an introductive section where I elucidate set-theoretic and prototypical aspects of concept formation, I individuate the axiomatic properties that identify the principles of transforming FR structures into fuzzy sets. Finally, I propose an algorithm based on the power mean that is able to operationalize FR structures considering both set-theoretic and prototype theory perspectives.

scholarly journals Prediction of Dead Oil Viscosity: Machine Learning vs. Classical Correlations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Hadavimoghaddam ◽  
Mehdi Ostadhassan ◽  
Ehsan Heidaryan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sadri ◽  
Inna Chapanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Insight Into

Dead oil viscosity is a critical parameter to solve numerous reservoir engineering problems and one of the most unreliable properties to predict with classical black oil correlations. Determination of dead oil viscosity by experiments is expensive and time-consuming, which means developing an accurate and quick prediction model is required. This paper implements six machine learning models: random forest (RF), lightgbm, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, stochastic real-valued (SRV) and SuperLearner to predict dead oil viscosity. More than 2000 pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) data were used for developing and testing these models. A huge range of viscosity data were used, from light intermediate to heavy oil. In this study, we give insight into the performance of different functional forms that have been used in the literature to formulate dead oil viscosity. The results show that the functional form f(γAPI,T), has the best performance, and additional correlating parameters might be unnecessary. Furthermore, SuperLearner outperformed other machine learning (ML) algorithms as well as common correlations that are based on the metric analysis. The SuperLearner model can potentially replace the empirical models for viscosity predictions on a wide range of viscosities (any oil type). Ultimately, the proposed model is capable of simulating the true physical trend of the dead oil viscosity with variations of oil API gravity, temperature and shear rate.

Vibration-Induced Loosening Performance of Preloaded Threaded Fasteners

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjie Yang ◽  
Sayed Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Excitation Amplitude ◽  
The Self ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Transverse Loading ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Bolt Preload ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Insight Into

In an effort to establish a theoretical outline of a criterion for preventing the vibration-induced loosening of preloaded threaded fasteners, this paper provides an experimental and analytical insight into the effect of the initial bolt preload and the excitation amplitude on the self loosening performance of cap screw fastener. A nonlinear model is used for predicting the clamp load loss caused by the vibration-induced loosening of cap screw fasteners under cyclic transverse loading. Experimental verification was conducted on the twisting torque variation and the effect of the preload level and transverse displacement amplitude. Comparison of the experimental and analytical results on the clamp load loss with the number of cycles verifies that the proposed model accurately predicts self-loosening performance.

Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Characteristics of Oscillating Supersonic and Transonic Annular Cascades

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Namba ◽  
A. Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Dimensional Effects ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Theory Approximation ◽  
Insight Into

A lifting surface theory is developed for unsteady three-dimensional flow in rotating subsonic, transonic and supersonic annular cascades with fluctuating blade loadings. Application of a finite radial eigenfunction series approximation not only affords a clear insight into the three-dimensional structures of acoustic fields but also provides mathematical expressions advantageous to numerical work. The theory is applied to oscillating blades. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate three-dimensional effects on aerodynamic characteristics. Three-dimensional effects in supersonic cascades are generally small and strip theory predicts local aerodynamic forces as well as total aerodynamic forces with good accuracy. In transonic flow, however, the strip theory approximation breaks down near the sonic span station and three-dimensional effects are of primary importance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document