scholarly journals Floristic composition of weeds, morphological and productive characteristics of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains in organic production

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Roljevic-Nikolic ◽  
Dusan Kovacevic ◽  
Zeljko Dolijanovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Small Grains

This study was aimed at assessing the floristic composition of weeds, studying properties of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains (stem height, last internode length and spike length, thousand-grain weight, grain yield) and the relationship between the studied traits and dry weight of weeds in an organic production system. Testing was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, in a two-year period (2009/2010?2010/2011). The study included one variety of durum wheat Triticum durum (Dolap, G1), the compact wheat Triticum compactum (Bambi, G2) and spelt Triticum spelt (Nirvana, G3). A treatment for maintaining the increase in the biological soil fertility included two different fertilisation variants: T1 ? fertilisation only with microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T2 ? biohumus fertilisation (3.0 t ha-1) and microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T0 ? control ? without the use of fertilisers. The results have shown that the genotype and treatment, as studied factors, very significantly affected the dry weight of weeds, stem height, last internode length and spike length, as well as the yield of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains, while the effect of their interaction was lower. In terms of the lowinput system, a highly significant negative correlation (r=-0.58) was observed between the stem height and the dry weight of weeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation was noticed between the grain yield and the dry weight of weeds (r=-0.44). These results showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds and could lead to establishing a stable production in the organic production system.

scholarly journals Gerris spinolaeLethierry and Severin (Hemiptera: Gerridae) andBrachydeutera longipesHendel (Diptera: Ephydridae): Two Effective Insect Bioindicators to Monitor Pollution in Some Tropical Freshwater Ponds under Anthropogenic Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Arijit Pal ◽  
Devashish Chandra Sinha ◽  
Neelkamal Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Water Quality Variable ◽  
Free Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

The abundance patterns of two insects,Gerris spinolaeandBrachydeutera longipes, were found to be affected by abiotic aquatic factors including free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, BOD, and phosphate concentrations prevailing in four tropical freshwater ponds, three of which being anthropogenically stressed. Regression analysis between each individual-independent water quality variable and insect abundance demonstrated a significant positive correlation in each case betweenB. longipesabundance and BOD, phosphate, free CO2, and algae dry weight, while a significant negative correlation of each of these variables was found withGerris spinolaeabundance. Moreover, a significant negative correlation ofB. longipesabundance was calculated with dissolved oxygen concentration, whileG. spinolaeabundance exhibited a positive correlation with the same. Thus,G. spinolaeappears to be a pollution sensitive, effective bioindicator for healthy unpolluted ponds, whileB. longipeshas potential as a pollution-resistant insect species indicative of pollution occurrence.

UV Absorbance By Thallus Extracts of Umbilicate Lichens

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Fahselt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Banding Patterns

AbstractEleven stands of umbilicate lichens exhibiting a range of variabilities in enzyme banding patterns were compared on the basis of the ultraviolet (UV)absorbing properties of thallus extracts. Stands of Umbilicaria veilea, which were some of the most variable enzymatically, had the lowest UV absorbancy in extracts, and stands of Lasallia papulosa, which were among the least variable enzymatically, showed more UV absorbance than others. Umbilicaria deusta, U. muhlenbergii and U. mammulata had intermediate levels of absorbance. Negative correlations (P = 005–007) were found between enzyme polymorphism and UV absorbance in the ranges 215–220, 269–271 and 304–305 nm. There was also a significant negative correlation at P = 003 between enzyme variability and thallus dry weight extractable with either ethanol or acetone.

Performance of Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp] Under Organic Production System in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Yogananda ◽  
P Thimmegowda ◽  
G K Shruthi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya to study the performance of cowpea under organic production system in red sandy loam soil. The results revealed that application of 100% N equivalent compost + recommended FYM (10 t/ha) + beejamrutha (seed treatment) + jeevamrutha (500 liter/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yield during all the years of experimentation (2056, 1987, 2108 and 2365 kg/ha, respectively) and also in their pooled data (grain yield 2129 kg/ha). This increased yield was attributed to more availability of nitrogen (289.5 kg/ha), phosphorus (40.5 kg/ha) and potassium (182.3 kg/ha) in the soil compared to other treatments. The benefit: cost ratio was higher with application of 100% N equivalent compost + jeevamrutha + beejamrutha (2.81). Soil chemical properties, viz. soil pH, organic carbon content and electric conductivity, were not influenced significantly by application of organic manures. However, there was an improvement in the soil chemical properties (289.5, 40.5 and 182.3 N, P2O5 and K2O kg/ha, respectively) compared to initial soil data (229, 19.2 and 135 NPK kg/ha).

scholarly journals Higher activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase and lower activities of leaf and spike vacuolar invertase and glutathione S-transferase reveals higher number of grains per spike in spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
sajid Shokat ◽  
Dominik K. Großkinsky ◽  
Thomas Roitsch ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Abstract Background: To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes (L1, L2 and L3) having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions., drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results: Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink with NGS and HI were found. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with TKW. Conclusion: Collectively, distinct physiological markers were correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive bio-markers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive bio-marker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as bio-markers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.

Tolerance to ion toxicities enhances wheat grain yield in acid soils prone to drought and transient waterlogging

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Khabaz-Saberi ◽  
Susan J. Barker ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
Relative Root Length ◽  
Relative Root

The ion toxicities of aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) induced in transiently waterlogged acid soils decrease root and shoot growth and grain yield more in intolerant than tolerant wheat genotypes. Whether these tolerances might also enhance grain yield in moisture-limited acid soils is not known. Wheat genotypes contrasting in ion toxicity tolerances (differing 6-fold for Al, 14-fold for Mn and 2.7-fold for Fe tolerance, quantified via relative root length (Al) or relative root dry weight (Mn and Fe)), but otherwise having a similar yield potential and maturity, were evaluated in plots with and without lime in multi-location field experiments (including two dry and one non-moisture-limiting site) in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Liming reduced surface soil acidity, and increased grain yield more in ion-toxicity tolerant than intolerant genotypes. The combined adverse effect of soil acidity and drought reduced relative grain yield less in Al- and Mn-tolerant genotypes (68%, 2347 kg ha–1) than intolerant genotypes (76%, 2861 kg ha–1) in drought-stressed environments. It appears that a deep root system to allow uptake of water from deep horizons in acidic soils with a dry surface layer is contingent on tolerance to multiple ion toxicities.

scholarly journals Selenium and mercury in the hair of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) from Germany and Luxembourg

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Kosik-Bogacka ◽  
Natalia Osten-Sacken ◽  
Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk ◽  
Karolina Kot ◽  
Bogumiła Pilarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Total Mercury Concentration ◽  
Hair Samples

AbstractThis study examined the concentration of total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se), as well as the molar ratio of Se:THg in hair samples of terrestrial animals. THg and Se concentrations were measured from the hair of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) from Germany and Luxembourg. Median THg concentrations in hair from raccoons and wildcats were 0.369 and 0.273 mg kg−1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Se concentrations were higher in the hair of raccoons than of wildcats (0.851 and 0.641 mg kg−1 dw, respectively). Total mercury concentration in hair of raccoons from Luxembourg was almost 5× higher that found in hair of raccoons from Germany; however, Se concentration was similar. Thus, molar ratio of Se:THg was ~4× higher in the hair of raccoons from Germany than those from Luxembourg. Significant negative correlation was found between THg concentration and Se:THg molar ratio in both wildcats and raccoons.

scholarly journals Evaluation of seedling proline content of wheat genotypes in relation to heat tolerance

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MA Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Seedling of 20 wheat genotypes were grown in Phytotron at about 25 and 35°C for measuring membrane injury in per cent and seedling proline content to investigate seedling proline as screening criterion against heat stress. The wheat genotypes (Bijoy, Sufi, Kanchan, Fang 60, BAW 1059, BL 1883, BL 1022, IVT 7, IVT 8, IVT 9, IVT 10 and BAW 917) showing < 50% membrane injury were grouped as heat tolerant (HT) and the genotypes (Shatabdi, Prodip, BAW 1064, Gourab, Pavon 76, Sonora, Kalyansona and IVT 6) showing ≥ 50% membrane injury were classified as heat sensitive (HS). At high temperature (35°C) the HT genotypes produced more than double (> 200%) proline than that of 25°C but the HS genotypes produced less quantity of proline at 35°C compared to that in HT genotypes. The seedling proline content at 35°C and membrane injury (%) maintained a significant negative correlation (r = – 0.619**) across the 20 wheat genotypes tested. Key words: Membrane thermostability; Seedling proline; Heat tolerance; Wheat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.7991 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 17-22, 2011 (June)

scholarly journals Higher activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase and lower activities of leaf and spike vacuolar invertase and glutathione S-transferase reveals higher number of grains per spike in spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
sajid Shokat ◽  
Dominik K. Großkinsky ◽  
Thomas Roitsch ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Abstract Background: To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes (L1, L2 and L3) having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions., drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results: Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink with NGS and HI were found. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with TKW. Conclusion: Collectively, distinct physiological markers were correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive bio-markers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive bio-marker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as bio-markers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.

scholarly journals Soybean responses to nutrients deficiency, and the possibility of detecting this deficiency using chlorophyll fluorescence technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Latifinia ◽  
Hamid Reza Eisvand
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

Abstract Aims Managing plant nutrition is a key factor to getting optimum yield quantity and quality. Soybean is an important plant as an oil and protein producer crop as well as a biological nitrogen fixing plant. The aims of current work were studying soybean's responses to some macro and micronutrients deficiency stress as well as the possibility of diagnosing this deficiency using chlorophyll fluorescence technique.Methods The two-year field experiment during 2019 and 2020 growth seasons were conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were use and non-use of N, P, Fe, and Mo, accompanied with and without humic acid. N and P were applied in the soil, but Fe, Mo, and humic acid were foliar applied at the final vegetative growth stage. Results Results showed that the effect of fertilizer treatments was significant on all traits. N-P-Fe-Mo improved grain yield and photosynthesis rate, but their application accompanied with humic acid induced a synergistic effect, and the maximum grain yield and photosynthesis were recorded in the N-P-Fe-Mo + HA. Fertilizer application decreased F0 and Fm and increased Fv/Fm. Besides, there was a significant negative correlation between leaf's N, P, Fe, and Mo content with Fm; meanwhile, the negative correlation between leaf's nitrogen and Fm was stronger than the other applied nutrients (r=-0.767). Conclusions Research findings show that, it is possible to use the chlorophyll fluorescence technique as a valid non-destructive physiological indicator and a quick way to monitor the nutritional status of soybean plant about N-P-Fe-Mo to timely fertilizing. Although soybean is a nitrogen fixing plant, but it needs complementary N fertilizer to achieve maximum PSII efficiency, minimum chlorophyll fluorescence, and optimal yield.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and its association with naturally occurring diseases in Holstein heifer calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559
Author(s):  
J.S. Ramos ◽  
K.M. Madureira ◽  
K.N. da Silva ◽  
K.A. Bosco ◽  
L.M. Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the use of haptoglobin (Hp) as an indicator of health and performance in 166 Holstein heifer calves reared in an intensive production system. Calves were evaluated at D6-9; D10-13; D20-23; D35-38 and D65-68, corresponding to the days of life. The absence or presence of diseases was evaluated by physical examination and classification of scores. The performance parameters evaluated were body weight, height at withers and hind width. Hp was measured by spectrophotometric technique. The highest prevalence of diarrhea (59.4%; 98/165) was observed in D10-13, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was on D35-38 (25.8%; 42/163), and umbilical inflammations in D6-D9 (7.8%; 13/166). Highest values of Hp were observed in animals with diarrhea (P=0.02), and umbilical inflammation (P=0.057), in comparison with the group of healthy calves. A significant negative correlation was observed between Hp and performance index. This protein presented an important relation with diarrhea and performance of the calves, opening perspectives on its utilization as a biomarker of diseases.

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