scholarly journals Agro-nutritional variations of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Omolaran Bello ◽  
Odunayo Olawuyi ◽  
Sunday Ige ◽  
Jimoh Mahamood ◽  
Micheal Afolabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutritional Qualities

Quality protein maize (QPM) combining the enhanced levels of lysine and tryptophan with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits could reduce food insecurity and malnutrition in West and Central Africa. Twenty-two varieties of QPM and two local checks were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and nutritional qualities in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria for two years (2009 and 2010). Though crude protein levels are good indicators of quality, amino acid composition analyses, especially lysine and tryptophan that would provide a final proof are in progress. The genotypes comprised five open pollinated varieties (OPVs), nine inbred lines, eight hybrids and two local varieties. Differences among the varieties were significant (P<0.01) for grain yield, days to tasselling as well as plant and ear heights, while year x variety interaction was only significant (P<0.05) for days to tasselling. Most of the QPM inbred lines (CML 437, CML 490 CML 178) and hybrids (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4- OB and TZPB-OB) have superior performance for grain yield, other yield attributes and nutritional qualities compared with the OPVs and local checks. These inbreds could be potential sources of favorable alleles useful for future maize breeding, while the hybrids could be evaluated in different environments of Nigeria for comparative advantages in different environments and quality of the grains to be released to farmers.

scholarly journals The Cytoplasm Origin Influence, the Teser Influence and the Nucleus-Cytoplasm Interactions Influence on Agronomic Traits for Maize Isonuclear Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia RACZ ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Teodora ŞCHIOP ◽  
I COSTE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Nucleus Transfer ◽  
Genetic Value

The maize is one of the most important crops in the world due to its high productivity and multiplexing usage in human nutrition, animal breeding and industry. The isonucleus inbred lines study has been initiated from the demand of clarifying if the cytoplasm source has a positive or negative influence on the corn cars, plants, grain traits and some maize cultural features. The research has been conducted in the experimental field provided by the Maize Breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda, ARDB Târgu-Mureş, ARDS Secuieni, ARDS Livada, ARDS Suceava in 2009. The cell nucleus transfer activity for 12 elite inbred lines on various cytoplasm types has begun in 1992 starting from the assumption that among cytoplasm of different origin could exist differences in the genetic value. The ultimate objective of breeding works is to obtain a higher grain yield and the yield quality to be at the desired level of farmers. For this reason it was studied the effect of different types of cytoplasm on grain yield, kernel dry matter at harvest and unbroken plants percentage at harvest, all these traits are important to achieve secure yield, mechanized harvestable. The kernel dry matter at harvest is one of the indicators of vegetation period, the most used in choice of early single crosses.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Study for Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines Adapted to Mid-Altitude Agroecology of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
Lemi Mideksa Yadesa ◽  
Sentayehu Alamerew ◽  
Berhanu Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Almost All

In spite of the importance of quality protein maize to alleviate protein deficiency, almost all maize varieties cultivated in Ethiopia are normal maize varieties, which are devoid of lysine and tryptophan. Perusing the combining ability of QPM inbred for grain yield and its components is vital to design appropriate breeding strategies for the development of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing 9  elite maize inbred lines with 4 testers were evaluated for different desirable agronomic traits during the 2019 main season at BNMRC and JARC. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with 3 replications. The objectives were to determine the combining ability of quality protein maize inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia for agronomic traits. The crosses were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated 3 times. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for almost all the traits studied. GCA mean squares due to lines and testers were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) for most studied traits. SCA mean squares were also significant for most attributes across locations. The comparative importance of GCA and SCA variances observed in the current study for most studied traits indicated the preponderance of additive genetic variance in governing these attributes. Only L3 was the best general combiner for grain yield. Inbred line L3, for days to anthesis and L5 for days to silking had negative and significant GCA effects. L5 and L6 displayed negative and significant GCA effects for plant and ear height. Crosses, L2xT4, L3xT4, L4xT4, L5xT2, L6xT3, L7xT2, L9xT1 and L9xT4 were good specific combiners for grain yield. In general, these genotypes help as a source of promising alleles that could be used for forthcoming breeding work in the development of quality protein maize cultivars with desirable traits.

scholarly journals Performance of provitamin A- quality protein maize inbred lines and derived hybrids in contrasting environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Obeng-Bio ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Beatrice Elohor Ifie ◽  
Agyemang Danquah ◽  
Essie Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Early maturing provitamin A (PVA) quality protein maize (QPM) inbred lines with tolerance to drought and low-N are needed to develop superior hybrids in West and Central Africa (WCA). This study aimed to (i) identify inbred lines that combined drought and low-N tolerance with increased levels of PVA and tryptophan and (ii) assess the relationship among PVA carotenoids, tryptophan and grain yield. Sixty-four inbred lines plus six inbred checks were evaluated under induced drought, low-N and optimal conditions in 2016 and 2017 in Nigeria. The inbred lines were assayed for PVA and tryptophan contents. Results Thirty-three of the lines were found to be tolerant to drought and low-N. Ninety percent of the inbred lines had tryptophan contents > 0.075 % per sample in whole grain substantiating the presence of the QPM trait in the inbred lines. Inbred lines TZEIORQ 55 and TZEIORQ 29 combined high PVA contents (15.38 and 12.10μg g-1, respectively) with low-N tolerance while nine inbred lines combined moderate PVA levels (5.06 – 8.34μg g-1) with drought and low-N tolerance. Conclusions These maize inbred lines could be utilized to develop superior drought and low-N tolerant hybrids and synthetics with elevated levels of PVA and tryptophan for WCA. The correlations observed among grain yield, PVA and tryptophan of the lines were not significant suggesting that these traits could be improved independently.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of grain yield and agronomic traits of early provitamin A quality protein maize inbred lines in contrasting environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Obeng-Bio ◽  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
B. E. Ifie ◽  
A. Danquah ◽  
E. T. Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Early Maturing

AbstractEarly-maturing provitamin A (PVA) quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids with combined drought and low soil nitrogen (low-N) tolerance are needed to address malnutrition and food security problems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The current study's objectives were to (i) examine combining ability of selected early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds for grain yield and other agronomic traits under drought, low-N, optimal environments and across environments, (ii) determine gene action conditioning PVA accumulation under optimal environments, (iii) classify inbreds into heterotic groups and identify testers and (iv) assess yield and stability of hybrids across environments. Ninety-six hybrids generated from 24 inbred lines using the North Carolina Design II together with four commercial hybrid controls were evaluated under drought, low-N and optimal environments in Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. Fifty-four selected hybrids were assayed for PVA carotenoid and tryptophan content. Additive genetic effects were greater than non-additive effects for grain yield and most agronomic traits under each and across environments. The gene action conditioning accumulation of PVA carotenoids under optimal growing conditions followed a pattern similar to that of grain yield and other yield-related traits. The inbred lines were categorized into four heterotic groups consistent with the pedigree records and with TZEIORQ 29 identified as the best male and female tester for heterotic group IV. No tester was found for the other groups. Hybrid TZEIORQ 24 × TZEIORQ 41 was the highest yielding and most stable across environments and should be further tested for consistent performance for commercialization in SSA.

scholarly journals Heterosis in crosses among white grain maize populations with high quality protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
White Grain

The objective of this work was to investigate heterosis and its components in 16 white grain maize populations presenting high quality protein. These populations were divided according to grain type in order to establish different heterosis groups. The crosses were carried out according to a partial diallel cross design among flint and dent populations. Seven agronomic traits were evaluated in three environments while four leaf diseases and incidence of corn stunt were evaluated in one. Least square procedure was applied to the normal equation X'Xbeta = X'Y, to estimate the model effects and their respective sum of squares. Among the heterosis components, in diallel analysis, significance for average heterosis in grain yield, number of days to female flowering and to all evaluated diseases was detected. Specific heterosis was significant for days to female flowering and resistance to Puccinia polysora. Results concerned to grain yield trait indicate that populations with superior performance in dent group, no matter what flint population group is used in crosses, tend to generate superior intervarietal hybrids. In decreasing order of preference, the dent type populations CMS 476, ZQP/B 103 and ZQP/B 101 and the flint type CMS 461, CMS 460, ZQP/B 104 and ZQP/B 102 are recommended to form composites.

scholarly journals Improvement yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat through application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
S Siraj ◽  
A Huda ◽  
MLN Begum ◽  
S Bilkis
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during winter (Rabi) season of 2013-14 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and nitrogen (N) uptake of wheat. There were six treatments such as T0 (control), T1 [STB-CF (HYG)], T2 [STB-CF (HYG) + CD (5 t/ha)], T3 [STB-CF (HYG) +PM (3 t/ha)], T4 [STB-CF (HYG) COM (5 t/ha)] and T5 [FP (Farmers’ practice)]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Soil test based nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron were used @ 100, 20, 60, 10, 3 and 2 kg ha-1, respectively. The integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. The treatment T3 [STB-CF (HYG) + PM (3 tha-1)] produced the highest grain yield of 3554 kg ha-1 (69.67% increase over control) and straw yield of 3635 kg ha-1 (62.83% increase over control). The lowest grain yield (2094 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2232 kg ha-1) were found in control treatment. The N content and uptake by wheat were also markedly influenced by combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the treatment T3 demonstrated superior performance to other treatments. So, the applications of fertilizers in combination with poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 can be used for the successful cultivation of wheat in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil. Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 149-153, 2016

scholarly journals Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Ayodeji Abe ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.

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