scholarly journals Biological properties of late-season apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Time

Apricot cultivar assortment in Serbia is characterized by a small number of cultivars and a short period of maturing. Most apricot fruits are harvested in the season of cultivar ?Hungarian Best? or at a short time afterwards. There is particularly a lack of early- and late-maturing cultivars of high quality fruit. This study was aimed at evaluating of 14 introduced apricot cultivars of late maturing time in order to recommend the best of them for growing in the Belgrade region. The study was carried out at the Experimental station ?Radmilovac? of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade over a period of five years (2009-2013). The experimental orchard was established in 2007, the rootstock was Myrobalan seedling, and tree spacing was 4.5 x 3 m. Control cultivar for comparison was ?Hungarian Best?, which is the most grown apricot cultivar in Serbia. Flowering of introduced cultivars ranged from three days before to three days after the control cultivar (?Hungarian Best?), while the maturation time was 7 to 15 days after the control. Compared with the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was achieved in seven cultivars (?Harogem?, ?Umberto?, ?Litoral?, ?Sophia?, ?Harlayne?, ?Bergarouge?, and ?Silistrenska Kompotna?), while significantly higher fruit weight was achieved in two cultivars (?Cegledy Arany? and ?Sophia?). Compared to the control higher content of soluble solids was found in four cultivars (?Kabaasi?, ?Late Dryanovska?, ?Harlayne?, and ?Silistrenska Kompotna?). Cultivar ?Sophia? got the best score for fruit appearance, while cultivars ?Late Dryanovska? and ?Silistrenska Kompotna? got the best scores for taste. Among studied apricot cultivars, for the cultivation in the Belgrade region, the following cultivars can be recommended as promising: ?Sophia? for fresh consumption, and ?Harlayne? and ?Silistrenska Kompotna? for processing. In addition, five cultivars of combined traits (both for fresh consumption and processing) can also be recommended: ?Harogem?, ?Cegledy Arany?, ?Bergarouge?, ?Pisana? and ?Late Dryanovska?.

scholarly journals Phenology, production and fruit quality of new Czech apricot cultivars in the Belgrade region

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Large Size

This study was aimed at evaluating of 14 new apricot cultivars created at the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice in the Czech Republic in order to recommend the best of them for growing in the Belgrade region. The study was carried out at the Experimental station ?Radmilovac? of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade over a period of five years (2009-2013). The experimental orchard was established in 2007, the rootstock was Myrobalan seedling, and tree spacing was 4.5 x 3 m. The control cultivar for comparison was the clone of ?Velkopavlovick?? cultivar (type of ?Hungarian Best?), LE-12/2. Flowering of introduced cultivars started from three days before to one day after the control cultivar, while the maturation time ranged from 19 days earlier in cultivar ?Leskora? to 12 days after the control in cultivar ?Sophia? (LE-2926). Compared with the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was achieved only in cultivar ?Palava?, while significantly higher fruit weight was recorded in three cultivars: ?Candela? (LE-2927), ?Sophia? (LE-2926) and ?Betinka? (LE-3276). Cultivars ?Sophia? and ?Betinka? got the best scores for fruit appearance, while cultivars ?Marlen? and ?Lebona? ranked the highest for fruit taste. Among studied apricot cultivars, for the cultivation in the Belgrade region, the following cultivars can be recommended as promising: ?Palava? (early season), ?Betinka? (mid-season) and ?Sophia? (late season). Regarding the large size and attractive appearance of fruits, these cultivars are more suitable for fresh consumption, but they can also be used for processing.

scholarly journals Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on quality of Barhi dates at Khalal stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Jumaah Al-Kaabi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Air Control

Barhi Dates are an important food and often consumed and sold in the market during the stage Khalal, when the colour is yellow and their taste is sweet with the disappearance of their astringent taste. During the Khalal stage, these dates become physiologically mature with gives the sweet taste. For this reason, they are sold and consumed in a short period of time before these fruits turn into Rutab, a stage at which they lose that distinguishing characteristic. The high moisture, rapid ripening, and delays in transportation or improper storage conditions quickly result in Rutab stage. Thus The Khalal stage lasts for a short time until the fruits get ripe. In the present study, Barhi Khalals were packaged in air (control) and by two types of modified atmosphere packaging: MAP A (5% O2+ 20% CO2 and 75% N2) and MAP B (40% O2+ 20% CO2 and 40% N2). Afterwards, all samples were stored at 5°C for 30 days. On days zero, 10, 20 and 30 of storage, the fruits were evaluated in terms of the changes in the quality indices of weight loss, colour, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), and firmness of the fruits and sensory features. The results showed that the minimum weight loss was 0.45% in modified atmosphere packaging, especially with MAP A and the minimum increase in the TSS was 37.35 Brix° after 30 days of the storage. On the other hand, the results for firmness, colour, and sensory evaluation were better with control packaging.

scholarly journals FRUIT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF `GRANNY SMITH' APPLES IN RESPONSE TO TREE CANOPY LIGHT MICROCLIMATE.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134g-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Izso ◽  
Fenton Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Light Level ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Old Trees

A preliminary study suggested light distribution (400-700nm) did not change from terminal bud set (July) to harvest (9/9/88). Therefore, limbs of 5-year-old trees were shaded the last 90 days of the season in 1988 and 7-year-old trees were shaded the last 60 days in 1989 with 30, 63, 95% or no shadecloth. Medium (63%) and heavy (95%) shade decreased fruit weight both years. Fruit soluble solids (SSC) decreased with increasing shade in 1988 but not in 1989 until after 60 days of storage. Fruit peel chlorophyll (chl) declined with time for all treatments. Apples from full sun and heavy shade treatments had the lowest chl and visually appeared the lightest. Evidence from both years suggested there was an optimal light level between 37-70% full sun for maximum fruit color and chl. Link of 7-year-old trees were shaded at intervals, light all season, mid-season and late season. Fruit weight and firmness were not affected by time of shading. SSC was liner for mid-season shaded fruit. Chl was highest for late season shaded fruit but differences evaporated by 90 days of storage.

scholarly journals FRUIT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF `GRANNY SMITH' APPLES IN RESPONSE TO TREE CANOPY LIGHT MICROCLIMATE.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134G-1135
Author(s):  
Elena Izso ◽  
Fenton Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Light Level ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Old Trees

A preliminary study suggested light distribution (400-700nm) did not change from terminal bud set (July) to harvest (9/9/88). Therefore, limbs of 5-year-old trees were shaded the last 90 days of the season in 1988 and 7-year-old trees were shaded the last 60 days in 1989 with 30, 63, 95% or no shadecloth. Medium (63%) and heavy (95%) shade decreased fruit weight both years. Fruit soluble solids (SSC) decreased with increasing shade in 1988 but not in 1989 until after 60 days of storage. Fruit peel chlorophyll (chl) declined with time for all treatments. Apples from full sun and heavy shade treatments had the lowest chl and visually appeared the lightest. Evidence from both years suggested there was an optimal light level between 37-70% full sun for maximum fruit color and chl. Link of 7-year-old trees were shaded at intervals, light all season, mid-season and late season. Fruit weight and firmness were not affected by time of shading. SSC was liner for mid-season shaded fruit. Chl was highest for late season shaded fruit but differences evaporated by 90 days of storage.

scholarly journals Indicators of Maturity and Storage Quality of `Lapins' Sweet Cherry

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Drake ◽  
D.C. Elfving
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Short Time

Three commercial `Lapins' sweet cherry (Prunus avium) orchards were used for this study during three crop seasons. Orchards were selected based on the historical average date of commercial harvest. The difference in commercial harvest date among the three orchards was 5 to 7 days. Three harvests were carried out in each orchard each year: 1) beginning 4 to 5 days before commercial harvest, 2) at commercial harvest, and 3) 4 to 5 days after commercial harvest. Fruit quality was determined after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage. Harvesting fruit up to 5 days later than normal commercial harvest resulted in increases in fruit weight and soluble solids content along with no loss of firmness or change in acidity. Pedicel color did not change as harvest was delayed. Changes in visual ratings of both fruit and pedicel appearance with delayed harvest were detectable in only 1 of 3 years. Neither pitting nor bruising was influenced by harvest date. The amount of pitting or bruising present was related more to the year of harvest than to harvest date. Delaying harvest a short time beyond the normal commercial harvest date could enhance consumer appeal and increase fruit value. Storage time after harvest resulted in reduced fruit and pedicel appearance, but only beyond 14 days of storage.

Growth and yield of orange (Washington Navel 141) grafted on different citrus rootstocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Troyer Citrange

Abstract. This investigation was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the field of the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the general corps of scientific agricultural researches. The growth and yield of orange trees (Washington navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Troyer citrange, Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Macrophylla and Cleopatra mandarin) and farmed since 1989 have been studied. The results for the average of yield showed that the trees grafted on Cleopatra mandarin (58.33 kg. tree-1) were significantly superior to those grafted on Macrophylla (34.17 kg. tree-1). Orange trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 and Citrumelo 1452 were significantly superior to other treatments in trunk section area of the rootstock (922.41 and 841.02 cm2, respectively). The greatest fruit fresh weight was in trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 (284.85 g. fruit-1) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (232.49 and 236.06 g. fruit-1, respectively). The biggest total soluble solids (%) was in trees grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (12.83% for both treatments) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Sour orangе and Macrophylla (11.5% for both treatments), while the greatest total acids (%) was by Sour orange (2.08%) without significant differences.

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Evaluasi Keragaan Beberapa Hibrida Semangka Koleksi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Makful Makful ◽  
Kuswandi Kuswandi ◽  
Sahlan Sahlan ◽  
Mega Andini
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Hybrid breeding of watermelon has led to the formation of high-yielding varieties. The objectives of the research were to determine the performance of hybrid watermelon of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) collection and to evaluate the superiority of each hybrid. The research has been conducted at Sumani Experimental Garden, ITFRI, Solok, West Sumatera, from April to July 2016. The material used consisted of 19 cross combinations. The data from this descriptive study were presented in the form of averages and pictures. The results showed that the hybrids that were tested showed diversity in size, fruit skin color, flesh color, skin thickness and fruit sweetness. Hybrids with three excellent characters, i.e. medium fruit weight, high total soluble solids (TSS) value, and moderate rind thickness, were not yet obtained. Hybrids that had the superiority in term of sweet taste and shelf life were BT1 × SGP, BT4 × BT4P, BT5 × BT4, BT6 × SGP and SGP × BT6. Keywords: hybrid, performance, total soluble solids, watermelon   ABSTRAK Pemuliaan hibrida pada semangka mengarah kepada pembentukan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan hibrida semangka koleksi Balitbu Tropika dan untuk mengevaluasi keunggulan masing-masing hibrida Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani, Balitbu Tropika, Solok, Sumatera Barat, dari bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2016. Materi yang digunakan terdiri dari 19 kombinasi persilangan. Data hasil penelitian deskriptif ini ditampilkan dalam bentuk rataan dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hibrida yang diuji memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran, warna kulit buah, warna daging buah, ketebalan kulit buah dan kemanisan. Belum ditemukan hibrida yang memiliki tiga karakter unggul, yang terdiri dari bobot buah sedang, total padatan terlarut (total soluble solid) tinggi, dan kulit buah agak tebal. Hibrida yang memiliki keunggulan berupa rasa manis dan tahan simpan adalah BT1 × SGP, BT4 × BT4P, BT5 × BT4, BT6 × SGP dan SGP × BT6. Kata kunci: hibrida, keragaan, semangka, total padatan terlarut

A Process of Glocalisation? Roman Marble Imports and the Rise of Blocked-Out Capitals in Local Stone

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Matthias Grawehr
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
High Quality ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Type ◽  
Local Materials

In the Augustan Age, a new aesthetic preference was propagated in the Roman Empire – the surface of white marble was valued as it symbolised the strength and superiority of the ‘new age’. Soon, an immense trade in high quality marble over land and sea developed to meet the emergent demand. While the development and scale of this trade is well studied, the repercussions that the new aesthetic preference had on the local architectural traditions in areas where no marble was close at hand is not commonly considered. In this contribution, two developments are traced, taking the Corinthian capital as the leitmotif. First, in the short period between c. 40 and 10 BC, patrons would choose imitation of marble in plaster to meet up with the demands of the new standard and to demonstrate their adherence to the Empire. In the second line of development, a different path was taken – a conscious use of local materials which went hand in hand with the development of a new type of capital, the so-called ‘Nabataean blocked-out’ capital. This combination turned into a new vernacular tradition across large parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Both developments were local responses to a new ‘global’ trend and can therefore be viewed as a phenomenon of glocalisation in the Roman Period.

The Molecular Diversity Scope of Urazole in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi M. Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Razieh Moradi ◽  
Parisa Mofatehnia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Short Time

Background: As a matter of fact, nitrogen as a hetero atom among other atoms has had an important role in active biological compounds. Since heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen are highly demanded due to biological properties, 4-phenylurazole as a compound containing nitrogen might be important in the multicomponent reaction used in agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Considering the case of fused derivatives “pyrazolourazoles” which are highly applicable because of their application for analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities as HSP-72 induction inhibitors (I and III) and novel microtubule assembly inhibitors. It should be mentioned that spiro-pyrazole also has biological activities like cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiotonic activities. Objective: Urazole has been used in many heterocyclic compounds which are valuable in organic syntheses. This review disclosed the advances in the use of urazole as the starting material in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules from 2006 to 2019. Conclusion: Compounds of urazole (1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione) are the most important molecules which are highly active from the biological perspective in the pharmaceuticals as well as polymers. In summary, many protocols for preparations of the urazole derivatives from various substrates in multi-component reactions have been reported from different aromatic and aliphatic groups which have had carbonyl groups in their structures. It is noted that several catalysts have been synthesized to afford applicable molecules with urazole scaffolds. In some papers, being environmentally friendly, short time reactions and high yields are highlighted in the protocols. There is a room to synthesize new catalysts and perform new reactions by manipulating urazole to produce biologically active compounds, even producing chiral urazole component as many groups of chiral urazole compounds are important from biological perspective.

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