scholarly journals The influence of THI values at different periods of lactation on milk quality and characteristics of lactation curve

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Cincovic ◽  
Branislava Belic ◽  
Bojan Toholj ◽  
Ivan Radovic ◽  
Bojana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The experiment included 90 cows. Cows were chosen according to the time of calving, so that the first third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G1), the second third of lactation occurred during the summer in 30 cows (G2), and in the last 30 cows the last third of lactation was in summer period (G3). The value of THI was between 72 and 82, which indicates the existence of the moderate intensity of heat stress. Heat stress does not damage the milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage on the level of the whole lactation, regardless of the lactation period in which the cows were exposed to stress. There was no correlation between THI and milk yield and quality at the level of the whole lactation. Heat stress did not show a significant effect on the parameters of lactation curve, except the peak of yield, which occurred later in cows exposed to heat stress. Increased value of THI showed nonsignificant effect on yield and quality of milk in the first third of lactation. In the middle and at the end of lactation THI was in a significant negative correlation with the yield and quality of milk. Our study showed a significantly lower heat-induced milk yield, milk fat and protein percent in the middle and at the end of lactation.

The influence of the stage of lactation and the breed of the cow on the yield and quality of the milk

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Drakeley ◽  
Margaret K. White
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The principal factors influencing the yield and quality of milk are (1) stage of the lactation period, (2) breed of the cow, (3) interval between milkings, (4) age of the cow, (5) individuality of the cow, (6) efficiency of the milker, (7) temperature and weather conditions, (8) health of the cow, (9) feeding.

The Fatty Acids Composition and Health Lipid Indices in the Sheep Raw Milk Under a Pasture-Based Dairy System

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mierlita ◽  
Ioan Mircea Pop ◽  
Florin Lup ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Simona Ioana Vicas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

This research was conducted to study fatty acids composition, especially content of n-3 FA; c9,t11-CLA (rumenic acid) and t11-C18:1 (vaccenic acid) and health lipid indices of milk according to the feeding practices in sheep. The exeperimental diets consisted of: P - pasture without any diet supplementation, PC - pasture + standard concentrate (500 g/d), PCs - pasture + fat-enriched concentrate (camelina seed-based concentrate: 500 g/d). Camelina seeds (Cs - Camelina sativa L) were used to increase the beneficial FA concentration in milk fat. PC diet as compared to P diet increases daily milk yield and the content of milk fat, but it adversely affects the quality of milk fats. Fat in the milk of PC ewes had a higher content of hypercholesterolemic FA, while the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentration decreased (p [ 0.001). The use Cs in the concentrate mixture (PCs diet) increased by more than double the c9,t11-CLA, C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:3n-3 (ALA) and t11-C18:1 (VA) (p [ 0.001) in milk fat, without any negative effects on milk yield and composition. Beneficial changes of health lipid indices milk fat (atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, n-6/n-3 FA) were detected when the diet of ewes was supplemented with fat-enriched concentrate (PCs group) because of high concentration of c9,t11-CLA, n-3 FA which has sanogenic properties. It is concluded that, when pasture quality and availability do not limit dairy production, supplementation of grazing ewes with concentrate mixture is not recommended, because compromised the milk FA profile. The using camelina seeds in strategies for supplementing the diet of ewes on pastures is a good choice both for the daily milk yield and even more so for the sanogenetic quality of milk fats.

Milk productivity of cows in the period of increasing the milk yield when using the drug Multivit+Minerals

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
L. P. Tabakova ◽  
I. E. Ivanova ◽  
O. V. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The lack of certain nutrients in the diets negatively affects the growth and development of young animals, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the productivity of animals, leads to unreasonably high expenditures of feed for the production of livestock products and to an increase in its prime-cost. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the drug Multivit+Minerals on the milk productivity of cows during the period of increasing the milk yield. The research was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Breeding Farm “Topolya” in the Tyumen region in the winter-stall period. Use of the drug Multivit+Minerals had a positive influence on the quantity and quality of milk. During the period of increasing the milk yield an average of 2,720 kg of milk with a fat content of 3,78 % and protein content of 3,19 % has been obtained from the cows of the experimental group. Enriching the body with vitamins and minerals has allowed increasing milk productivity by 196 kg or 7,8 % (P < 0,05), and improving the quality of milk in terms of fat content by 0,05 abs.% and protein by 0,11 abs.% (P < 0,05). The increase in fat and protein milk content led to the increase in the yield of milk fat by 8,66 kg and protein by 9,03 kg (P < 0,01), while reducing the prime-cost of milk production by 6,0 %. It has been recommended in order to provide animals with vitamins and mineral elements to use the drug Multivit+Minerals in a dose of 20 ml/head.

Effect of frequency of milking on yield, composition and processing quality of milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNADETTE O'BRIEN ◽  
GERARD RYAN ◽  
WILLIAM J. MEANEY ◽  
DAVID McDONAGH ◽  
ALAN KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The objective was to determine the effect of once-daily milking (ODM) and omitting one evening milking each week (13TWM), in late lactation on milk production, composition and processability. Seventy-two cows were assigned to three treatments (ODM, 13TWM and twice-daily milking [TDM]) from 4 October to 12 December. Cows were on average 218 d into lactation at the start of the trial, and all cows were managed similarly throughout the trial. Milk yields and gross milk composition of cows on all treatments were measured, and milk samples for detailed compositional and processability analysis were collected from TDM and ODM treatments at two consecutive milkings and at one milking each week, respectively. Milk yield was significantly reduced (P<0.001) and milk fat and protein concentrations were increased (P<0·01) with ODM compared with TDM. Milk yield and fat and protein concentrations of milk from TDM and 13TWM herds were similar. Casein concentrations in ODM and TDM milks were similar, but ODM milk had a higher (P<0·05) whey protein content. Somatic cell count of ODM and TDM milks was similar. Rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd firmness (A60) of milk were not affected by milking frequency. However, rate of curd aggregation (K20) of ODM milk was reduced (P<0·05) compared with that of TDM milk. Plasmin activity in ODM milk was numerically higher than in TDM milk, but the effect was not significant. ODM milk had higher NAGase activity than TDM milk (P<0·01). In conclusion, once daily milking reduced milk yield by 29% and did not adversely affect the processability of milk. Moreover, one evening milking per week could be eliminated without adverse effects on milk yield or composition.

scholarly journals Impact of heat stress on milk yield and composition in early lactation of Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Chanda ◽  
GK Debnath ◽  
KI Khan ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
GC Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Hot Season

The aim of the study was to know the effect of heat stress on milk yield and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows rearing under intensive management system.Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors i.e. temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement, etc. Grading-up of local cattle by temperate breeds for greater performance results to increase the sensitivity to heat stress. The trial was conducted during hot (May-July) and cool period (December-February) on a total of 12 crossbred dairy cows in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). The selected cows were divided into two groups namely as G1 (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and G2 (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) and each group containing three cows of 3rd lactation in both periods of trail. Cows of each group were offered same quality and quantity of feed and reared in same management condition in both the trail periods. The mean average temperature humidity index (THI) of the stanchion barn were 70.83± 0.535 and 83.87± 0.375 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of THI of cool and hot season was significant (p<0.05). The average rectal temperature (0F) of G1 group was 101.51± 0.027and 102.15±0.049 in cool and hot period, respectively. On the other hand, the average rectal temperature (0F) of G2 group was 101.68± 0.035 and 102.5±0.052 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of rectal temperature of both groups between cool and hot season were significant (p<0.05). The average milk yield (Liter/day) of both groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cool period (14.92±0.019 and 19.54± 0.116 for G1 and G2 group, respectively) than in hot period (12.84±0.152 and 15±0.137 for G1 and G2 group, respectively). The milk yield of G2 group hampered more compare to G1 group due to higher THI during hot season. The milk fat, protein and lactose of both groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) during lower THI period compare to higher THI period, while the higher values of minerals detected in higher THI period but the differences were not statistically significant (p<0.05). From the result it is evident that the milk yield and composition are greatly affected by the heat stress during early lactation period.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 192-197

Dairy productivity and quality of milk of Simmental × Ayrshire × Holstein crossbreds

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. A. Velmatov ◽  
I. M. Dunin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The purpose of the research was to study the milk productivity and quality of milk crossbreds of Simmental × Ayrshire × Holstein cows different genotypes. The results of crossbreeding cows of Simmental breed with sires of Ayrshire and Red-and-White Holstein breeds have been presented in the article. In terms of milk yield cows of the genotype 1/16S×1/16A×7 / 8HRW surpassed their herdmates with the genotype 1/8S×1/8A×3/4HRW by 300 kg of milk, and cows with the genotype 1/4S×1/4A×1/2HRW by 703 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In animals with high-blood of Holstein breed a significant decrease in the protein content in milk has been observed by 0,1 abs.% (P ≥ 0,999), but in terms of milk protein yield they exceeded their herdmates by 3,9–13,6 kg. In terms of fat content in milk the advantage of cows of the genotype 1/4S×1/4A×1/2HRW has not been so significant and was 0,04–0,05 abs.%, and in terms of milk fat yield on the contrary crossbred cows with the genotype 1/16S×1/16A×7/8HRW exceeded their herdmates by 11,5–25,0 kg (P ≥ 0,95). According to the casein content milk cows with genotype 1/4S×1/4A×1/2HRW exceeded their herdmates by 0,05–0,08 abs.% (P ≥ 0,95), there were practically no differences in the concentration of serum proteins between the groups. Cows of genotype 1/16S×1/16A×7/8HRW were inferior to cows of genotype 1/4S×1/4A×1/2HRW in dry matter by 0,10–0,26 abs.% (P ≥ 0,05), SOMO by 0,06–0,21 abs.% (P ≥ 0,999). In the milk of cows the content of calcium ranged from 127,0 to 128,1 mg/%, phosphorus from 97,4 to 99,1 mg/%. Rennet clotting time is one of the technological indicators of milk quality was shorter in cows with the genotype 1/4S×1/4A×1/2HRW by 2,5–10,2 %. Thus, with the increase of part od blood of Holstein breed from 50,0 to 87,5 % the milk productivity and live weight of cows also increase, but at the same time the quality indicators of milk decrease. However, due to the high milk yield for lactation crossbreds with high-blood of Holstein breed produce more nutrients.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on milk production in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joksimovic-Todorovic ◽  
V. Davidovic ◽  
S. Hristov ◽  
B. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
June July

Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement). Continual genetic selectin for greater performance results to increased sensitivity to heat stress. It was one of the reasons why lactation curve during summer has decreasing trend compared to spring in which lactation curve maintained within high levels. The trial was conducted in spring (April-May) and summer period (June-July) on total of 40 dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). Milking capacity in cows and milk chemical ingredients (milk fat and proteins) were statistically significantly higher in the spring period compared to summer, while higher values of lactose were not statistically significant. Total average milk production per cow was significantly higher in spring period (42.74?4.98l) than in summer (39.60?5.09l) at the level of P<0.05. A higher rate of milk fat was recorded in spring in relation to summer period the level of significance being P<0.01. The content of proteins in milk in spring period was 13% higher than in summer. The established difference was highly statistically significant (P<0.001). Obtained values for percentage of lactose varied slightly (4.45?0.54% in spring versus 4.03?0.24% in summer period; P>0.05).

Milk production from grass silage diets: strategies for concentrate allocation

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
W. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Milk Solids

AbstractTo investigate strategies for concentrate allocation, 155 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows received grass silage ad libitum during lactation weeks 4 to 22 in two experiments. A standard concentrate (196 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM)) was offered at the same average amount across the lactation period either at aflat rate or as two rates with a change of 6 kg in week 13. Treatments, described as kg concentrate DM per day in the first and second periods of lactation, were 3: 3, 6: 0, 3: 9 (experiment 1), 6: 6, 9: 3, 9: 9 and 12: 6 (experiments 1 and 2). In experiment 2, two additional treatments maintained CP supply from concentrate after a change from 9 and 12 kg DM by giving 3 and 6 kg high-protein concentrate (HP) DM per day (575 and 383 g CP per kg respectively).Generally as concentrate intake increased silage intake fell, DM intake rose and yields of milk and all milk solids increased linearly. However, in experiment 1 from a base of 3 kg DM, as concentrate intake increased so did fat yield overall and protein yield in mid-lactation but at a declining rate. Fat concentration was depressed at the lowest and highest concentrate levels. Protein concentration rose as concentrate allowance increased particularly at low levels. Increasing concentrate in mid lactation improved protein but not fat concentration. Additional concentrate either spared weight loss or increased weight gain. Distributing more of a fixed allowance of concentrate to early lactation did not affect cow performance overall.Silage intake, milk, protein and lactose yields and protein concentration increased and fat concentration was reduced by giving HP concentrates, effects being greater with 3 than with 6 kg DM per day. Reducing concentrate level while maintaining CP intake did not influence milk and solids yields. The ratios of responses to concentrate CP (3 kg DM per day HP v. 3 kg DM per day standard) compared with concentrate energy (9 kg DM per day standard v. 3 kg DM per day HP) were 2·1, 2·2, 7·4 and 1·9 for milk, fat, protein and lactose yields respectively. The results suggest feeding strategies for manipulating the production and quality of milk from grass silage diets.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Analysis of the local resource-based dairy cattle development in Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
M. Mukson ◽  
H. Setiyawan ◽  
M. Handayani ◽  
A. Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Resource ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The objectives of this research wereto analyze the local resource-based development of dairy cattle in orderto improve the production and quality of milk in Central Java. The research wascarried out by survey method. The research locations (Boyolali and Semarang) were chosen using purposive sampling method.In each regency was determined 2 sub district locations in which having the largest dairy cow population and 3 Dairy Cattle Farmer Associations (DCFA) in every sub district.Dairy farmers were sampled randomly, 10 farmers in every DCFA. Therefore, there were 120 dairy cattle farmers for sample. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive methods, location quotient (LQ) analysis and multiple linear regression statistical model. The dependent variables were yield and quality of milk (Y1,2) and the independent variables were human resources (x1), environmental resources (x2), capital resources (x3), entrepreneurship resources (x4), technology resources (x5), institution resources (x6) and infrastructure resources (x7). The LQ analysis showed that dairy cattle population, availability of forage and agricultural waste, and absorption of labour were very potential (LQ>1). Local resources significantly affected (P<0.01) the production and quality of dairy cattle milk. These results suggest that the development of dairy cattle business needs to consider the potential of local resources in order to improve the production and quality of milk.

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