scholarly journals Some nutritional and anti-nutritional factors of ZP soya bean varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Vesna Peric ◽  
Mirjana Srebric ◽  
Sladjana Zilic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The nutritive quality of soya bean grain depends on many nutritional and anti-nutritional factors, such as proteins, trypsin inhibitors, phytate, phenolics, sulfhydril groups of proteins, malondialdehide. The aim of this study was to investigate content of noted nutritive and anti-nutritive factors in seven ZP soya bean varieties: ZPS 015, Bosa, Nena, Lidija, Olga, Lana and Laura. Experimental data could point out different properties and usage of ZP soya bean varieties. Regardless of insignificant differences in content of proteins and phytate, special attention is given to Lana and Laura, varieties lacking in Kunitz-trypsin inhibitor. It is also important to emphasise high content of phenolics in Nena variety as well as high sulfhydril groups and glutathione level in Nena and Olga. These substances contribute to nutritive value of soya bean grain.

scholarly journals Developments in plant breeding for improved nutritional quality of soya beans II. Anti-nutritional factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. CLARKE ◽  
J. WISEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Kunitz Inhibitor

Nutritional value of most plant materials is limited by the presence of numerous naturally occurring compounds which interfere with nutrient digestion and absorption. Although processing is employed widely in removal of these factors, selection of cultivars of soya beans with inherently low levels would have a considerable impact on efficiency of non-ruminant livestock production. The review considers the role of plant breeding in achieving this objective. The most abundant trypsin inhibitors are the Kunitz and the Bowman–Birk inhibitors, containing 181 and 71 amino acids respectively. The Kunitz inhibitor is present at a concentration of 1·4 g/kg of total seed contents and the Bowman–Birk inhibitor 1·6 g/kg. A large number of isoforms of the Bowman–Birk inhibitor have been described in soya bean cultivars and it has been shown that the general properties of the inhibitor are, in fact, attributable to different isoforms. Nulls for both Bowman–Birk and Kunitz trypsin inhibitors have been identified, allowing new low trypsin inhibitor cultivars to be produced. However, research into breeding for low trypsin inhibitor cultivars currently has limited application as trypsin inhibitors contribute a major proportion of the methionine content of soya beans. Trypsin inhibitors are thought to be involved in the regulation of and protection against unwanted proteolysis in plant tissues and also act as a defence mechanism against attack from diseases, insects and animals. Hence, in breeding programmes for low trypsin inhibitor cultivars, alternative protection for growing plants must be considered. Use of soya beans in non-ruminant animal feeds is limited by the flatulence associated with their consumption. The principal causes appear to be the low molecular weight oligosaccharides containing α-galactosidic and β-fructosidic linkages; raffinose and stachyose. Non-ruminants do not have the α-galactosidase enzyme necessary for hydrolysing the α-galactosidic linkages of raffinose and stachyose to yield readily absorbable sugars. Soya beans contain between 6·8 and 17·5 g of phytic acid/kg; a ring form of phosphorus (P) which chelates with proteins and minerals to form phytates not readily digested within the gut of non-ruminants. One approach for over-coming the effects of phytic acid is through synthesis of phytase in the seeds of transgenic plants. Currently, recombinant phytase produced in soya beans is not able to withstand the processing temperatures necessary to inactivate proteinaceous anti-nutritional factors present. Soya bean lectins have the ability to bind with certain carbohydrate molecules (N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and galactose) without altering the covalent structure. Lectins are present in raw soya bean at a concentration of between 10 and 20 g/kg. Purified soya bean agglutinin is easily inactivated by hydrothermal treatment but in complex diets binding with haptenic carbohydrates may confer protection against denaturation. The majority of research into soya bean lectins is carried out using laboratory animals so very limited information is available on their in vivo effects in farm animals. This review is concerned specifically with breeding but there are other means of improving nutritive value, for example processing which may alter protein structure and therefore functionality of proteinaceous anti-nutritional factors present.

scholarly journals Effect of Soaking and Boiling on Anti-nutritional Factors, Oligosaccharide Contents and Protein Digestibility of Newly Developed Bambara Groundnut Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaposi Adeleke ◽  
Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo ◽  
Olumide Samson Fawale ◽  
Gbeminiyi Olamiti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Vitro Protein

Newly developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) seeds (Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)) were collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria, planted and harvested. The effects of processing methods (soaking and boiling) on anti-nutritional factors and oligosaccharides content and protein digestibility of BGW and BGB compared with Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC) seeds were investigated. Soaking and boiling significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors of the samples and the effect increased as processing time was elongated. Sample BGC had lower anti-nutritional factors than BGW and BGB after soaking for 48 h. Tannin contents of the samples were reduced drastically by 99 % throughout the soaking periods. Greatest loss in raffinose level was observed in BGB (59%) and BGW (50%) after boiling for 60 min compared with BGC (43%). The loss in stachyose content of the samples varies with processing and BGC (59%) had greatest loss after boiling for 60 min while soaking for 48 h reduced that of BGB and BGW by 57 and 35%, respectively. Boiling for 60 min increased the in vitro protein digestibility of BGB (89.34 %) compared with BGW (87.48%) and BGC (82.89%). Overall, the results demonstrated that soaking and boiling of newly developed Bambara groundnut seeds could improve the nutritive quality of the seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of Extrusion and Expelling on the Nutritional Quality of Conventional and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor-Free Soybeans

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2299-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
YE ZHANG ◽  
CARL M. PARSONS ◽  
KARL E. WEINGARTNER ◽  
WILMOT B. WIJERATNE
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor

scholarly journals Protein quality of autoclaved cowpea varieties as influenced by anti-nutritional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
D. B. Oke ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
M. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Cowpea Variety

One hundred and ten (110) weanling male winstar strain rats were used to determine the protein efficiency ration (PER) and net protein ration (NPR) of five cowpea samples. PER ranged from 1.06 in IT 81D-1137 to 1.91 in 1784E-1-108 while values in autoclaved samples ranged from 1.55 in IT81D-1137 to 2.78 in 1784E-1-108. for NPR, raw samples gave values that ranged between 2.44 and 3.57 in 1781D-1137 and 1784E-1-108 respectively. Autoclaved samples gave NPR values that ranged from 2.72 to 4.47 in IT 8ID-1137 and IT84E-1-108 respectively. In the raw and autoclaved cowpea diets, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and tannic acid were negatively correlated with PER and NPR while HCN and phytic acid had positive relationship with these indicators of protein quality. In autoclaved samples cowpea variety IT84E-1-108 had the highest PER and NPR values showing that it would support growth to a reasonable extent.

Effect of tannins in the fermentation of legume forages using a gas based method

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
P.B. Godoy ◽  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽  
E.F. Nozella ◽  
L.A. Castilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Bioassay Technique

Legume forages are an important source of protein in ruminant feeding but some legumes contain anti-nutritional factors, such as tannins, which can interfere in fermentability. In vitro methods to determine quality of feeds are important to nutritionists. These methods are less expensive, less time consuming and allow more control of experimental conditions than in vivo experiments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value of four Brazilian legume forages, with different tannin levels, using the in vitro bioassay technique.

Growth, morphology and nutritive quality of shaded Stenotaphrum secundatum, Axonopus compressus and Pennisetum clandestinum

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Samarakoon ◽  
J. R. Wilson ◽  
H. M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Dead Material

SUMMARYThe response to shade in growth and nutritive quality of buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) was compared with that of two other stoloniferous grasses, mat grass (Axonopus compressus) and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The grasses were grown outdoors in Brisbane, Australia, in soil in pots over two growing seasons in 1985/86. Treatments in the first season (Expt 1) were shading at 0 (full sun), 42, 59 and 68% with moderate N (two spaced applications of 50 kg/ha) and, in the second season (Expt 2), 0 and 59% shade with high (50 kg/ha every 2 weeks) and low (5 kg/ha every 2 weeks) N.Unusually for tropical grasses, the top yield of all species was higher under shade than in full sun, except for S. secundatum at high N in Expt 2. S. secundatum and A. compressusshowed an increase in top yield up to 68% shading whereas P. clandestinum reached a maximum at 42% shading. Shade increased shoot:root ratio and specific leaf area in all species but had little effect on leaf:stem ratio and the proportion of dead material in the tops. Stubble yield (stem bases and stolons) was reduced under shade but to a much smaller extent than root yield. S. secundatum and A. compressus had similar morphological characteristics. Their yield was lower than that of P. clandestinum in Expt 1 (autumn growth) but was similar to that of P. clandestinum in Expt 2 (summer growth). These grasses had a higher leaf:stem ratio and lower proportion of dead material in tops than P. clandestinum.Shade generally increased herbage nutritive value through an increase in N concentration and drymatter digestibility. The latter response was somewhat variable and mostly small (1–3% units). Under shade, the general trend was towards a decrease in total nonstructural carbohydrates, cell-wall content and insoluble ash, and an increase in lignin content. A. compressus was higher in digestibility and soluble carbohydrates than the other grasses.S. secundatum was not clearly superior in response to shade and its nutritive quality was lower than that of A. compressus.

Effects of Two Trypsin Inhibitors on Trypsin in Activity and Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1824-1827
Author(s):  
Shu Ting Dong ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Si Si Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Visible Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibit Factor

Two reversible trypsin inhibitors, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI) were compared to find the more optimal one as the inhibit factor during trypsin immobilization. Fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were used to explore the effects of the two inhibitors on trypsin in activity and structure. The results showed that both inhibitors combined with trypsin in 1:1. CD circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that KTI and BBI led to different changes in trypsin second structure. The results can help us find out the mechanism between the two inhibitors and trypsin and select the more optimal inhibitor in trypsin immobilization.

Effect of Genetic Elimination of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor on Agronomic and Quality Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal ◽  
Satwinder Kaur Dhillon ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Asmita Sirari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Glycine Max L

Background: Among the anti-nutritional factors present in soybean, kunitz trypsin inhibitor (Kti) serves as major anti-nutrient, retarding the activity of digestive proteases. Genetic removal of Kti allele to develop agronomically desirable genotypes with high nutritional value is major breeding objective in soybean. Methods: The present study was performed on a set of 125 F5 genotypes derived from cross of SL525 (Kti +ve) and NRC101 (null Kti) to investigate the outcomes of genetic removal of Kti allele on characters of economic importance. Results: Comparison of mean of null Kti and Kti +ve plants for various parameters showed that introgression of null Kti allele adversely affected germination and grain yield. Germination, days to maturity, grain yield, plant height and seed weight were positively correlated with trypsin inhibitor activity and days to flowering, oil and protein content and fatty acid were unaffected by the allele present. The utilisation of the identified null kti genotypes would reduce extra cost on heat treatment incurred during soy processing and also boost utilization of soybean for bio-fortification in wheat flour to make chapattis.

scholarly journals Mineral composition and nutritive value of Festuca ecotypes originated from the highland region of Bolivia and cultivars from Argentina

2019 ◽  
pp. 1650-1658
Author(s):  
Karina Ustariz ◽  
Mulatu Geleta ◽  
Helena P. Hovmalm ◽  
Franz Gutierrez ◽  
Jorge A. Rojas Beltrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Andean Highlands

Native grasses constitute the most important source of feed for camelids, sheep and cattle in the highlands of Bolivia, where the genus Festuca is one of the major feed components. This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of 11 Festuca ecotypes from the highlands of Bolivia and two cultivars from Argentina (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. ‘Taita’ and Festulolium). All ecotypes were grown in the same experimental field and their protein, ash, cellulose, moisture and micronutrients (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Si and Zn) content was determined. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, based on all nutrients, clearly defined the two Argentinian cultivars as outliers. This differentiation was mainly explained by their cellulose, ash, Mn and Al contents. Analysis of variance based on the origin of the accessions revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) differences for their cellulose, ash, Mn and Mg contents, while they differ significantly (P < 0.05) in Ni, Fe, Na and Al contents. There was a highly significant positive correlation between several pairs of minerals including Mg–Ca (r = 0.94) and Mg–Zn (r = 0.92). Negatively correlated pairs of minerals include B–Fe (r = - 0.65) and B–Ni (r = - 0.58). This study provides useful information about the nutritive quality of Bolivian Festuca ecotypes for their use in breeding programs of this forage grass in the Andean highlands of South America.

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