scholarly journals Tolerance of certain sugar beet varieties to diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
S. Radivojevic ◽  
Irena Dosenovic ◽  
V. Filipovic ◽  
R. Rozic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Trial Network ◽  
Second Year

Sugar beet varieties' micro trials were conducted at Kikinda site in 2005 and at five localities from the provincial trial network in 2006. The micro trials were set according to standard methods with 5 replications each year. Sugar beet was harvested at two periods in both years. Chemical analyses were conducted at the laboratories of the Faculty of Technology. The obtained data were processed according to the standard methods used in the Serbian sugar industry. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA procedures. The results showed that varieties with triple tolerance to diseases (Solea and Gazeta) had marked performance in the trial at Kikinda site as compared to other varieties. Variety Solea was the highest in granulated sugar yield (10.941 t/ha) while control had 6.565 t/ha in the second harvest term at Kikinda site. The lowest infestation level with Cercospora beticola was recorded for the above mentioned varieties with triple tolerance and which were scored with 1.8 and 1.3 points, respectively, in the ranking scale that ranged from 0 to 5 points. Similar results were obtained in the second year of experiment. Variety Prestige, also triple tolerant to diseases, showed the best performance in the granulated sugar yield, yielding 13.969 t/ha. This variety showed the best tolerance to Cercospora beticola, being scored with only 0.4 points on the ranking scale for infestation level. Accordingly, the triple tolerant varieties of sugar beet were among the highest in the root and granulated sugar yields with equal number of treatments against Cercospora beticola.

The effect of farmyard manure on the fertilizer requirement of sugar beet

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Commercial Farms

SUMMARYThirty-eight experiments were made on commercial farms to determine the fertilizer requirement of sugar beet grown with farmyard manure (F.Y.M.). They were in two groups; the first (1961–3), with uniformly applied F.Y.M., tested the value of additional fertilizer—nitrogen, phosphate and potash, with and without agricultural salt (crude sodium chloride). The second (1964–7) tested the value of fertilizer N and agricultural salt with and without F.Y.M.The average economic optimum dressings of fertilizers with F.Y.M. were 0·6 cwt/acre N, 0·3 cwt/acre P2O5, 0·5 cwt/acre K2O, with agricultural salt which largely replaced the need for potash. Chemical analyses of samples of F.Y.M. used in the second group of experiments gave no reliable guide to the requirement of additional nitrogen or sodium. With adequate P2O5 and K2O, the F.Y.M. increased sugar yield at all except one site, on average equivalent to the increase from 0·3 cwt/acre N. Agricultural salt increased yield economically at most sites except on the silts round the Humber and the Wash. No clear relationship was found between soil analysis for sodium and sugar yield response to agricultural salt, but where the exchangeable soil sodium was less than 25 ppm Na, a response was likely.

scholarly journals Impact of Foliar Application of Various Forms of Silicon on the Chemical Composition of Sugar Beet Plants

Sugar Tech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Małgorzata Kondracka ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda ◽  
Magda Litwińczuk-Bis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Polysilicic Acid ◽  
Critical Phase

AbstractThe effect of marine calcite, a mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid as well as orthosilicic acid applied as a foliar spray on the chemical composition of sugar beet leaves in the critical phase of nutrient supply (beginning of July) but also leaves and roots during harvest time in 2015–2016, was studied. The content of silicon in the leaves ranged from 1.24 to 2.36 g kg−1 d.m. at the beginning of July, 3.85–5.34 g kg−1 d.m. during harvest and 2.91–4.20 g kg−1 d.m. in the roots. The foliar application of silicon caused a significant increase in the content of magnesium and calcium in leaves (in July) as compared to the control. The sugar beet consumes approx. 75 kg Si ha−1, which is almost 3.5 times more than P and 20% more than Mg thus proving its importance for its species. About 70% of the silicon taken up by sugar beet is stored in roots and 30% in leaves. The pure sugar yield is most favorably influenced by two- and threefold foliar application of the product containing silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid stabilized with choline, and a threefold mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid. The increase in the pure sugar yield is not the result of a change in the chemical composition of sugar beet plants, but their more efficient functioning after foliar application of silicon under stress conditions caused by water shortage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Muneera D. F. AlKahtani ◽  
Yaser M. Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Emadeldeen Rashwan ◽  
Latifa Al Husnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Yield Parameters

Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.

scholarly journals Early Sowing Combined with Adequate Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization: Promoting Beta vulgaris (L.) Yield, Yield Quality, and K- and S-Use Efficiency in a Dry Saline Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Ali A. A. Mekdad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Fahmy A. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Direct

Field trials for two seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) were conducted to investigate the influence of the addition of three levels of potassium (K) (K1 = 60, K2 = 120, and K3 = 180 kg K2O ha−1) and/or sulfur (S) (S1 = 175, S2 = 350, and S3 = 525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) to the soil, as well as the sowing date (the 1st of September, D1; or the 1st of October, D2) on the potential improvement of physiology, growth, and yield, as well as the quality characteristics of sugar beet yield under soil salinity conditions. With three replicates specified for each treatment, each trial was planned according to a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that early sowing (D1) led to significant improvements in all traits of plant physiology and growth, in addition to root, top, and biological yields and their quality, gross and pure sugar, and K- and S-use efficiencies based on root yield (R-KUE and R-SUE). The K3 level (180 kg K2O ha−1) positively affected the traits of plant physiology, growth, yield and quality, and R-SUE, and reduced the attributes of impurities, impurity index, and R-KUE. Additionally, the S3 level (525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) affirmatively affected plant physiology, growth, yield and quality traits, and R-KUE, and decreased impurity traits, impurity index, and R-SUE. The interaction of D1 × K3 × S3 maximized the yield of roots (104–105 ton ha−1) and pure sugar (21–22 ton ha−1). Path coefficient analysis showed that root yield and pure sugar content had positive direct effects with 0.62 and 0.65, and 0.38 and 0.38 in both studied seasons, respectively, on pure sugar yield. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were found between pure sugar yield and root yield (r = 0.966 ** and 0.958 **). The study results recommend the use of the integrative D1 × K3 × S3 treatment for sugar beet to obtain maximum yields and qualities under salt stress (e.g., 8.96 dS m−1) in dry environments.

Production and evaluation of jam produced from plum and African Star apple blends

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
A.O. Ogunlade ◽  
G.I. Oluwafemi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Indigenous Fruits ◽  
African Star Apple ◽  
Lengthy Operation

The potential of some indigenous fruits such as yellow-plum (Spondias mombin) and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) remained largely untapped. These fruits can be processed and preserved in small-scale operations using simple techniques that could replace both expensive fruits and the lengthy operation processes usually used for jam production. Blends were produced from African Star Apple and Plum in the following proportion: 100:0%; 90:10%; 80:20%; 70:30%; 60:40% and 50:50% respectively to produce six African Star Apple and plum blends. The chemical properties and consumer acceptability of jams made from these blends were investigated using standard methods. Chemical analyses of the jam showed that vitamin A ranged between 613.09 and 686.04 (IU), sample with the highest percentage of African Star Apple had the highest value of Vitamin A; vitamin C ranged between 30.51 and 46.12 (mg/100 g); pH ranged between 4.29 and 4.58; Brix ranged between 11.00 and 14.97°Bx. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the sensory attributes of the samples. It was observed that Jam produced from African Star Apple and plum blend at 50:50% proportion had the highest Vitamin A and those at 90:10% proportion had the highest Vitamin C contents and all the samples were of high nutritional and health benefits.

scholarly journals Integrated Control of Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot of Sugar Beet with Fungicides and Antagonistic Bacteria

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kiewnick ◽  
Barry J. Jacobsen ◽  
Andrea Braun-Kiewnick ◽  
Joyce L. A. Eckhoff ◽  
Jerry W. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Rhizoctonia crown and root rot, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2, is one of the most damaging sugar beet diseases worldwide and causes significant economic losses in more than 25% of the sugar beet production area in the United States. We report on field trials in the years 1996 to 1999 testing both experimental fungicides and antagonistic Bacillus sp. for their potential to reduce disease severity and increase sugar yield in trials inoculated with R. solani AG 2-2. Fungicides were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting or as band sprays directed at the crown at the four-leaf stage, or four- plus eight-leaf stage, while bacteria were applied at the four-leaf stage only. The fungicides azoxystrobin and tebuconazole reduced crown and root rot disease by 50 to 90% over 3 years when used at rates of 76 to 304 g a.i./ha and 250 g a.i./ha, respectively. The disease index at harvest was reduced and the root and sugar yield increased with azoxystrobin compared with tebuconazole. The combination of azoxystrobin applied at 76 g a.i./ha and the Bacillus isolate MSU-127 resulted in best disease reduction and greatest root and sucrose yield increase.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola Isolates to Azoxystrobin

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Milijanka Balandžić ◽  
Vera Stojšin ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Ferenc Bagi ◽  
Mladen Petreš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Very High

SummarySugar beet leaf spot, caused by the air-borne fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc., leads to a decrease in sugar beet leaf mass and the consequent regrowth of leaves based on exploiting the sugar reserves stored in the plant’s roots, thus ultimately resulting in lower yields and sugar contents of sugar beets. Azoxystrobin belongs to the group of QoI fungicides, which inhibit mitochondrial respiration by blocking cytochrome c reductase. The QoI fungicides are characterized by a very high risk of resistance interfering with their biological activity. For the purpose of testing the azoxystrobin sensitivity of the Cercospora beticola population found at the site of Rimski Šančevi, a collection of 84 isolates was assembled and tested for sensitivity to azoxystrobin by measuring the mycelial growth on fungicide-amended media with the addition of SHAM. The results obtained indicate that none of the isolates tested exhibited complete sensitivity to azoxystrobin, 4% were found to have reduced sensitivity, 26% were moderately resistant and 70% were highly resistant. A higher proportion of resistant isolates recorded is associated with the loss of azoxystrobin biological efficacy at the experimental site.

scholarly journals Evaluation of glassy frits as micronutrient fertilizers. II. Manganese frits.

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
C.H. Henkens ◽  
K.W. Smilde
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Better Than

In pot and field tests MnSO4 and the frits FTE Z 4 (13 % Mn), HZ 1 (15.9 % Mn) and HZ 17 (21 % Mn) increased reducible soil Mn for at least 1 1/2-2 years. Mn content of pasture increased four-fold in the first cut after application of 400 kg/ha MnSO4 but sharply decreased in later cuts and became negligible by the second year. 400 kg/ha HZ 17 did not affect pasture Mn. In peas 400 kg of soil- or foliar applied MnSO4 controlled marsh spot better than 800 kg HZ 1; spraying at the middle and again at the end of the blooming stage gave the best control. With sugar beet, soil dressings of MnSO4, HZ 1 and HZ 17 equally increased yield, sugar production and leaf Mn, and decreased incidence of Mn deficiency. When the rates of these fertilizers were increased from 100, 179 and 86 kg respectively to 400, 714 and 343 kg, sugar production was not significantly improved; leaf Mn and incidence of deficiency symptoms responded to the higher Mn rates. Soil application was rather better than foliar treatment. No treatment controlled Mn deficiency throughout the entire season. The % of Mn-deficient plants was related, negatively, to leaf and reducible soil Mn, but not to yield. Soil-applied Mn did not control gray spot in oats or increase yields but sprayed Mn did. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Identification of unknown nuclear material

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
J. G. Fantidis ◽  
G. E. Nikolaou ◽  
F. N. Tsagas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Identification Procedure

The identification of spent PWR nuclear fuel in terms of its initial enrichment and final burnup is demonstrated. Spent UO2 fuel from a PWR power station was used as the nuclear material of supposed unknown irradiation history. The identification procedure was based on determining the U and Pu isotopic composition of the fuel by chemical analyses, simulation calculations of fuel evolution and statistical analysis. The procedures followed and associated limitations are discussed.

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