scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of constituents from isolona cauliflora verdc and cleistochlamys krikii benth, oliv.: Annonaceae

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
A.C. Odebode ◽  
S.J.M. Madachi ◽  
C.C. Joseph ◽  
B.N. Irungu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pseudomonas Phaseolicola ◽  
Pure Compounds

Antimicrobial activities of crude extract, Caulindole D, a mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrin and an Oxyheptanoid (Clestochlamic acid) from stem bark of Isolona cauliflora and Cleistochlamys krikii on Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Fusarium solani, Botryodiploida theobromae Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus have been investigated. An in vitro bioassay test showed that the crude dichloro-methane extract from C. krikii and a very strong antimicrobial property. The pure compound had strong to moderate inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The pure compounds from Cleistochlamus krikii had more pronounced inhibitory activities than the pure compounds from Isola cauliflora. At lower concentration of 100-200 ppm, the crude extract of Caulindole, mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrion and Oxyheptanoid had effect on most of the investigated plant pathogens. Higher concentration of 500-1000 ppm had moderate to weak effect on the Aspergillus spp.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity in vitro of Sapranthus microcarpus (Annonaceae) against phytopathogens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De-la-Cruz-Chacón ◽  
Nora Yazmin López-Fernández ◽  
Christian Anabí Riley-Saldaña ◽  
Marisol Castro Moreno ◽  
Alma Rosa González-Esquinca
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts

Background and Aims: The phytochemistry study of Annonaceae has intensified in the last decades due to the discovery of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities. The inhibitory activities of extracts and compounds from these species for phytopathogens are less known. The antifungal activity of Sapranthus microcarpus was determined in vitro against six fungal pathogens of important crops.Methods: Hexane, methanol, and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and root and stem bark of S. microcarpus were evaluated to determine whether they could inhibit the mycelial growth of the phytopathogens. The combined activity of the most active extracts for each phytopathogen was also determined. The alkaloid liriodenine was isolated and identified as an antifungal principle.Key results: All extracts inhibited the growth of the six phytopathogens to some extent. The root bark alkaloid extract showed the highest activity. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Curvularia lunata were the most sensitive phytopathogens. Liriodenine was active against all the plant pathogens (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125-500 nmol ml-1).Conclusions: Sapranthus microcarpus is a native natural resource with great phytochemical potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Chimeric Bovine Lactoferrin Peptide for Inhibition of Food and Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sarhadi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Jahandar ◽  
Abbas Tanhaeian
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms

: The resistance of microorganisms to conventional antibiotics has prompted researchers to produce new antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides can be alternatives to chemical antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are produced approximately by all living organisms to fight infection. Lactoferrin is an iron glycoprotein that plays an important role in the immune system. Lactoferricin and lactoferrampine have stronger antimicrobial activities than lactoferrin. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a combination of chimeric bovine lactoferricin and lactoferrampine on microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as plant pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Xanthomonas translucens, Xanthomonas perforans, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The results showed that chimeric bovine lactoferrin had a good inhibitory effect against pathogenic microorganisms and plant pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were 7.562 µg/mL and 15.125 µg/mL, respectively, which showed the highest sensitivity to chimeric bovine lactoferrin. The MIC and MBC for plant pathogens were 0.497 µg/mL and 0.997 µg/mL, respectively, which were related to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and it showed the highest sensitivity to chimeric bovine lactoferrin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies on Antioxidant and Anti-Parasitic Activities of Compounds Isolated from Rauvolfia caffra Sond

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3781
Author(s):  
Dorcas B. Tlhapi ◽  
Isaiah D. I. Ramaite ◽  
Chinedu P. Anokwuru ◽  
Teunis van Ree ◽  
Heinrich C. Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Pure Compounds

As part of an ongoing study of natural products from local medicinal plants, the methanol extract of stem bark of Rauvolfia caffra Sond was investigated for biological activity. Column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography were used to isolate lupeol (1), raucaffricine (2), N-methylsarpagine (3), and spegatrine (4). The crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were tested for anti-oxidant, antitrypanosomal and anti-proliferation activities. Two fractions displayed high DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and reducing power with IC50 (The half maximal inhibitory concentration) and IC0.5 values of 0.022 ± 0.003 mg/mL and 0.036 ± 0.007 mg/mL, and 0.518 ± 0.044 mg/mL and 1.076 ± 0.136 mg/mL, respectively. Spegatrine (4) was identified as the main antioxidant compound in R. caffra with IC50 and IC0.5 values of 0.119 ± 0.067 mg/mL and 0.712 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. One fraction displayed high antitrypanosomal activity with an IC50 value of 18.50 μg/mL. However, the major constituent of this fraction, raucaffricine (2), was not active. The crude extract, fractions and pure compounds did not display any cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 50 μg/mL against HeLa cells. This study shows directions for further in vitro studies on the antioxidant and antitrypanosomal activities of Rauvolfia caffra Sond.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activities of several extracts endophytic Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
E Oktarina ◽  
R H Pratiwi ◽  
W Mangunwardoyo ◽  
I Hidayat ◽  
E Saepudin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pseudomonas azotoformans known for the benefit on agriculture area as soil fertility enhancer. Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 was successfully isolated from tissues of N. altissima which traditionally known for treating infectious diseases. Therefore, endophytic P. azotoformans might contain antimicrobial compound. This research aims on exploring the antimicrobial activities of several extracts P. azotoformans UICC B-91 against pathogenic microbes. Isolates were extracted with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each crude extract was observed for its potential antimicrobial activity with disc diffusion method against several pathogen microbes. Bioactive compound was assayed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and screened by bioautography. Results indicated that all crude extract have inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25241, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Highest clear zone was on dichloromethane extract. TLC fraction of dichloromethane extract was able to inhibit growth on pathogenic bacteria (except for B. subtilis ATCC 19659 and S. aureus ATCC 6583) and fungi at minimum concentration in the range 125-1,000 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Bioactive compound from endophytic P. azotoformans extracted with dichloromethane have antibacterial and anticandidal effect.

scholarly journals In vitro growth-inhibitory effect of Brazilian plants extracts against Paenibacillus larvae and toxicity in bees

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiele F. de Brum ◽  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Camilla F.S. Alves ◽  
Robson B. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Spreading Disease

American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious worldwide spreading disease in bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Plants extracts are known to decrease or inhibit the growth of these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Calendula. officinalis, Cariniana domestica, and Nasturtium officinale extracts against the P. larvae and to evaluate the toxicity of the extracts in bees. In vitro activity against P. larvae of the extracts was evaluated by micro dilution method and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. The concentrations used in the toxicity test were established based on the MIC values and by the spraying application method. The P. larvae was susceptible to the evaluated crude extract of C. officinalis and N. officinale. To C. domestica, only the ethyl acetate (EtAc) fraction and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions had activity against P. larvae. Toxicity analysis in bees showed no toxicity for N. officinale crude extract and for C. domestica BuOH fraction during 15 days of treatment, however, some deaths of bees occurred during the first three days of treatment with C. officinalis and C. domestica EtAc fraction. The results with these species were firstly described and showed that N. officinale crude extract and C. domestica BuOH fraction both presented not toxic effects in the concentration tested by the spraying application method, and can be a useful alternative for treatment or prevention of AFB.

scholarly journals Anti-fungal activities of constituents from Uvaria scheffleri and Artabotrys brachypetalus

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Odebode ◽  
S.A. Jonker ◽  
C.C. Joseph ◽  
S.W. Wachira
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Anti Fungal

The anti-fungal activity of schefflone, a mixture of dimmer, 3,5 dimethoxy carvacrol and annonaceous acetogenin, extracted from stem-bark and root of Uvaria scheffleri and Artabotrys bruchypetalus against Fusarium solani, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Asperillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was determined. An in-vitro bioassay showed that the minimum inhibitory effect of the compounds to the fungal pathogens occurred at 200 ppm in both radial growth and mycelia dry weight measurements. Acetogenin from A brachypetalus had a very strong anti-fungal effect on all the test fungi. The effects of the compounds were more pronounced on F solani than on the other. The bioassay methods also play a significant role in the sensitivity of the samples on the pathogens. .

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

Bioactive Compounds and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Trilepisium madagascariense DC.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Tolulope Esther Onibudo ◽  
Roger Murugas Coopoosamy ◽  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ambrico ◽  
Mario Trupo ◽  
Rosaria Magarelli ◽  
Roberto Balducchi ◽  
Angelo Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Several bacteria pathogens are responsible for plant diseases causing significant economic losses. The antibacterial activity of Dunaliella salina microalgae extracts were investigated in vitro and in vivo. First, biomass composition was chemically characterized and subjected to extraction using polar/non-polar solvents. The highest extraction yield was obtained using chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) equal to 170 mg g−1 followed by ethanol (88 mg g−1) and hexane (61 mg g−1). In vitro examination of hexane extracts of Dunaliella salina demonstrated antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The hexane extract showed the highest amount of β-carotene with respect to the others, so it was selected for subsequent analyses. In vivo studies were also carried out using hexane extracts of D. salina against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on young tomato plants and fruits of tomato and zucchini, respectively. The treated young tomato plants exhibited a reduction of 65.7% incidence and 77.0% severity of bacterial speck spot disease. Similarly, a reduction of soft rot symptoms was observed in treated tomato and zucchini fruits with a disease incidence of 5.3% and 12.6% with respect to 90.6% and 100%, respectively, for the positive control.

scholarly journals Biological Screenings of Two Araceous Plants Growing in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjina Hoque ◽  
Md Al Amin Sikder ◽  
Mohammad A Kaisar ◽  
Abu Asad Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Vincristine Sulphate ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Two Bangladeshi medicinal plants from Araceae family, Alocasia indica and Steudnera virosa, have been investigated for their in vitro thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing antimicrobial activities and generalized    toxicity. The total phenolic content was also determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by heat and hypotonic solution induced methods. The carbon tetrachloride soluble  fraction (CTCSF) of A. indica and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of S. virosa demonstrated strong membrane stabilizing activity. Different extractives of A. indica and S. virosa showed moderate thrombolytic activity. Among the two plants, the methanoic crude extract and its chloroform soluble partitionate of S. virosa revealed moderate inhibition of microbial growth. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the pet-ether and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions of A. indica and the crude extract and its pet-ether soluble fraction of S. virosa were found to be as lethal as    Vincristine sulphate after 24 hours observation on shrimp nauplii.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11794   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 131-135, 2011(December)  

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