scholarly journals Functional electrical stimulation with surface electrodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadej Bajd ◽  
Marincek Crt ◽  
Marko Munih
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulator

The review investigates the objective evidences of benefits derived from surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of lower and upper extremities for people after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. FES can offer noticeable benefits in walking ability. It can be efficiently combined with treadmill and body weight support. Voluntary muscle strength and endurance gain can be achieved through FES assisted gait training together with increased gait velocity in absence of electrical stimulator. Cyclic FES, FES augmented by biofeedback, and FES used in various daily activities can result in substantial improvements of the voluntary control of upper extremities.

scholarly journals Two years of Functional Electrical Stimulation by large surface electrodes for denervated muscles improve skin epidermis in SCI

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Albertin ◽  
Helmut Kern ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
Andrea Porzionato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Our previous studies have shown that severely atrophic Quadriceps muscles of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering with complete conus and cauda equina lesions, and thus with permanent denervation-induced atrophy and degeneration of muscle fibers, were almost completely rescued to normal size after two years of home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES). Since we used large surface electrodes to stimulate the thigh muscles, we wanted to know if the skin was affected by long-term treatment. Here we report preliminary data of morphometry of skin biopsies harvested from legs of 3 SCI patients before and after two years of h-bFES to determine the total area of epidermis in transverse skin sections. By this approach we support our recently published results obtained randomly measuring skin thickness in the same biopsies after H-E stain. The skin biopsies data of three subjects, taken together, present indeed a statistically significant 30% increase in the area of the epidermis after two years of h-bFES. In conclusion, we confirm a long term positive modulation of electrostimulated epidermis, that correlates with the impressive improvements of the FES-induced muscle strength and bulk, and of the size of the muscle fibers after 2-years of h-bFES.

scholarly journals Effects of the addition of functional electrical stimulation to ground level gait training with body weight support after chronic stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane L. Prado-Medeiros ◽  
Catarina O. Sousa ◽  
Andréa S. Souza ◽  
Márcio R. Soares ◽  
Ana M. F. Barela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Weight Support

scholarly journals The Effect and Dose-Response of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Training on Spasticity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ying Fang ◽  
Angela Shin-Yu Lien ◽  
Jia-Ling Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Chu Yang ◽  
Hsiao-Lung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Ashworth Scale ◽  
Cycling Training

Background: To investigate the effect and dose-response of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES-cycling) training on spasticity in the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: Five electronic databases [PubMed, Scopus, Medline (Proquest), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] were searched before September 2021. The human trials and studies of English language were only included. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted the searched studies. The primary outcome measure was spasticity assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale or Ashworth Scale for lower limbs. The secondary outcome measures were walking abilities, such as 6 Min Walk Test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and lower limbs muscle strength (LEMS). A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the efficacious threshold number of training sessions. A meta-regression analysis was used to examine the linear relationship between the training sessions and the effect on spasticity.Results: A total of 764 studies were identified. After screening, 12 selected studies were used for the qualitative synthesis, in which eight of them were quantitatively analyzed. Eight studies included ninety-nine subjects in total with SCI (male: female = 83:16). The time since injury was from less than 4 weeks to 17 years. The age ranged from 20 to 67 years. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment level of the number of participants was 59 for ASIA A, 11 for ASIA B, 18 for ASIA C, and 11 for ASIA D. There were 43 subjects with tetraplegia and 56 subjects with paraplegia. Spasticity decreased significantly (95% CI = − 1.538 to − 0.182, p = 0.013) in favor of FES-cycling training. The walking ability and LEMS also improved significantly in favor of FES-cycling training. The subgroup analysis showed that spasticity decreased significantly only in more than 20 training sessions (95% CI = − 1.749 to − 0.149, p = 0.020). The meta-regression analysis showed training sessions and spasticity were not significantly associated (coefficient = − 0.0025, SE = 0.0129, p = 0.849, R2 analog = 0.37).Conclusion: Functional electrical stimulation-cycling training can improve spasticity, walking ability, and the strength of the lower limbs in the individuals with SCI. The number of training sessions is not linearly related to the decrease of spasticity. Twenty sessions of FES-cycling training are required to obtain the efficacy to decrease spasticity.

scholarly journals Gait Training Combining Partial Body-Weight Support, a Treadmill, and Functional Electrical Stimulation: Effects on Poststroke Gait

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana RR Lindquist ◽  
Christiane L Prado ◽  
Ricardo ML Barros ◽  
Rosana Mattioli ◽  
Paula H Lobo da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Combined Use

Background and Purpose: Treadmill training with harness support is a promising, task-oriented approach to restoring locomotor function in people with poststroke hemiparesis. Although the combined use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and treadmill training with body-weight support (BWS) has been studied before, this combined intervention was compared with the Bobath approach as opposed to BWS alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS on walking functions and voluntary limb control in people with chronic hemiparesis. Subjects: Eight people who were ambulatory after chronic stroke were evaluated. Methods: An A1-B-A2 single-case study design was applied. Phases A1 and A2 included 3 weeks of gait training on a treadmill with BWS, and phase B included 3 weeks of treadmill training plus FES applied to the peroneal nerve. The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement was used to assess motor recovery, and a videography analysis was used to assess gait parameters. Results: An improvement (from 54.9% to 71.0%) in motor function was found during phase B. The spatial and temporal variables cycle duration, stance duration, and cadence as well as cycle length symmetry showed improvements when phase B was compared with phases A1 and A2. Discussion and Conclusions: The combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS led to an improvement in motor recovery and seemed to improve the gait pattern of subjects with hemiparesis, indicating the utility of this combination method during gait rehabilitation. In addition, this single-case series showed that this alternative method of gait training—treadmill training with BWS and FES—may decrease the number of people required to carry out the training.

scholarly journals Functional Electrical Stimulation for Physiotherapy Management of Neurological Conditions: An Evidence Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Dhruva J. Kanojiya ◽  
Karishma Jagad
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Muscle Groups

Functional Electrical Stimulation is the electrical stimulation of motor neurons such that muscle groups are stimulated to contract & create a moment about a joint. In recent years, FES is relatively used as a new therapeutic tool in rehabilitation program of different neurological conditions. Although FES has been used for long time for treating foot drop, there are many studies which supports the beneficiary effect to improve upper and lower extremity’s function, spasticity, subluxation, respiration, balance, gait training, activities of daily living, quality of life. Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of FES in different neurological condition and to collect the existing literature dealing with FES in a single article to analyze the result & to finally reach the overall conclusion. Keywords: FES, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinsonism, etc.

scholarly journals Compensating the effects of FES-induced muscle fatigue by rehabilitation robotics during arm weight support

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Meyer-Rachner ◽  
Arne Passon ◽  
Christian Klauer ◽  
Thomas Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rehabilitation Robotics ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Arm Weight Support

Abstract:Motor functions can be hindered in consequence to a stroke or a spinal cord injury. This often results in partial paralyses of the upper limb. The effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy can be improved by the use of rehabilitation robotics and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). We consider a hybrid arm weight support combining both. In order to compensate the effect of FES-induced muscle fatigue, we introduce a method to substitute the decreasing level of FES support by cable-driven robotics. We evaluated the approach in a trial with one healthy subject performing repetitive arm lifting. The controller automatically adapted the support and thus no increase in user generated volitional effort was observed when FES induced muscle fatigue occured.

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