scholarly journals Disinfection of drinking and bathing water with oxyl

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Marjana Simonic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

An electrolysed solution of sodium chloride was examined for its disinfection potential in drinking and bathing water. The electrolysis of NaCl ((=1%) in tap water was performed at room temperature using a 10 A electric current in an electrolysis apparatus. Some laboratory tests were made, initially to determine the stability and efficiency of the disinfectant. Chemical and microbiological measurements of the treated water (according to DIN 19643 for bathing water) were then carried out before and after addition of the disinfectant agent.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibres, Yarns, and Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ranajit K. Nag ◽  
Andrew C. Long ◽  
Michael J. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Yarn Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Strength

Jute yarns were treated by tap water with and without tension at room temperature for 20 minutes and then dried. Fibre and yarn strength were measured before and after treatment. Unidirectional (UD) composites were made by both treated and untreated yarns with and without applying hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as size material. Water-treated jute yarns without tension and composites made of those yarns showed decreased strength, and water treated jute yarns with tension and composites made of those yarns showed increased strength with respect to raw yarns and composites made of raw yarns. However, no specific trend was noticed for fibre tensile strength and tensile modulus. HEC sized yarns showed up to 12% higher failure load with respect to unsized yarns, and composites made of HEC sized yarns showed up to 17% and 12% increase in tensile strength and tensile modulus, respectively, compared to composites made of similar types of unsized yarns.

Enhancing Titanium Stability in Fusayama Saliva Using Electrochemical Elaboration of TiO2 Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Man ◽  
Cristian Pirvu ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Stability Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tube Structure

Titanium having low density, stability and biocompatibility, is one of the most promising biomaterial of the century even with the natural passive stratum [1,2], but building a nano-tube structure in the last decade using various procedure could lead also to an improvement of a quite large range of properties important in applied chemistry. The aim of the paper is to elaborate electrochemically TiO2 nanotubes and to evaluate the stability increase of Titanium in Fusayama saliva changing the surface morphology from micro TiO2 to TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization at room temperature in a mixture of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4F, was the choice of nanotubes structures elaboration, and cyclic voltammetry was the procedure of stability evaluation. The surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX), and atomic force microscopy before and after anodization.

scholarly journals Stability of Bendamustine Solutions: Influence of Sodium Chloride Concentration, Temperature and Container

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Jean Vigneron ◽  
Elise D’Huart ◽  
Béatrice Demoré
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background Bendamustine is used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma. The stability of bendamustine is highly dependent on temperature and chloride-ion concentration. Limited stability data are available. The objective of this work was to study the stability of the bendamustine reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL and the diluted solution in normal saline and 1.5 % sodium chloride to evaluate a potential increase in stability. Methods A stability indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with Diode Array Detection was used. A first study was carried out in glass vials and then in polyolefin containers at 0.25 and 0.60 mg/mL. Solutions were stored at room temperature and at 2–8 °C for 7 days. Results Stability was defined as a concentration above 95 % of the initial concentration [10]. The reconstituted solution at 2.5 mg/mL was stable for only 2 hours at room temperature and 8 hours at 2–8 °C. The stability of diluted solutions was in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations of 3.5 hours at room temperature and 48 hours at 2–8 °C. The addition of sodium chloride doesn’t increase the stability for preparation in infusion in daily practice. Conclusions The information brought by this study is an 8-hour stability of the reconstituted solution at 2–8 °C.

Stability of Five Antibiotics

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 848-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Chow Tung ◽  
Ernest L. Gurwich ◽  
Joseph A. Sula ◽  
Michael Kodack
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Erythromycin Lactobionate ◽  
Gel Diffusion

The stability of methicillin, amikacin, erythromycin lactobionate, vancomycin, and ticarcillin in plastic intravenous containers of sodium chloride injection 0.9%, USP and dextrose 5% injection, USP was studied. The study was conducted under aseptic conditions for a period of 24 hours. The samples, drawn at various times, were assayed by a modified agar gel diffusion technique. The study solutions were stored at room temperature. This study revealed that amikacin, methicillin, vancomycin, and ticarcillin are stable for 24 hours in the test solutions. Erythromycin lactobionate is stable for 24 hours in normal saline, but the addition of sodium bicarbonate 4% (Neut®) was necessary to assure stability in dextrose 5 %.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PNEUMONIC EXUDATE

1921 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
Frederick T. Lord ◽  
Robert N. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Before And After

1. The enzyme present in the pneumonic lung exudate still remains active after preservation for 18 months. 2. The enzyme is active at incubator temperature before and after heating to 65°C. for 1 hour. It is slightly active at room temperature and inactive after heating at 75°C. for 1 hour. 3. Dialysis of the enzyme is not demonstrable. 4. Activity persists when the enzyme is mixed with concentrations of sodium chloride varying from normal to thirty-two times normal.

scholarly journals STABILITY STUDIES ON FLUCLOXACILLIN SODIUM IN RECONSTITUTED ORAL SUSPENSIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Michael Worlako Klu ◽  
John Antwi Apenteng ◽  
Bright Selorm Addy ◽  
David Ntinagyei Mintah ◽  
Elikem Katsekpor
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Predetermined Time ◽  
Sachet Water

Objective: Stability studies on flucloxacillin sodium in reconstituted oral suspensions were carried out. The experiment sought to investigate the effects that the different types of water for reconstitution and different storage conditions have on the stability of flucloxacillin sodium in the reconstituted suspensions.Methods: Suspensions of flucloxacillin sodium were reconstituted with tap water, commercial bottled water (Voltic brand was used), commercial sachet water (Everpure brand was used) treated tap water and distilled water and stored under refrigeration (RF) (4-6 °C), at room temperature (RT) (31-33 °C) and in a bowl of water (BW) (26-27 °C). Assay of flucloxacillin sodium was by iodimetry at predetermined time intervals for 8 d.Results: The amount of flucloxacillin sodium in all the suspensions stored under the various storage conditions reduced with time and at different rates. The percentage breakdown, a parameter of stability, was calculated for each reconstituted suspension stored at the different conditions investigated and they were as follows: commercial bottled water (RT-22.40 %, RF-9.90 % and BW-15.90 %), distilled water (RT-29.14 %, RF-18.0 %, BW-28.80 %), tap water (RT-25.0%, RF-14.60 % and BW-25.10 %) and commercial sachet water (RT-25.0 %, RF-10.17 % and BW-22.50 %).Conclusion: At the end of the study, it was found that those suspensions reconstituted with the commercial bottled water were the most stable and had the smallest breakdown of flucloxacillin sodium whereas those reconstituted with distilled water were the least stable and had the largest breakdown of flucloxacillin sodium. Commercial sachet water reconstituted more stable suspensions than tap water. Also, the suspensions stored under refrigeration were the most stable followed by those stored in a bowl of water. The formulations kept at room temperature were the least stable and thus, had the largest breakdown of flucloxacillin sodium.

scholarly journals Extended Stability of Epinephrine Hydrochloride Injection in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags Stored in Amber Ultraviolet Light–Blocking Bags

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Edward T. Van Matre ◽  
Kang C. Ho ◽  
Clark Lyda ◽  
Beth A. Fullmer ◽  
Alan R. Oldland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
And Storage

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of epinephrine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride in polyvinyl chloride bags for up to 60 days. Methods: Dilutions of epinephrine hydrochloride to concentrations of 16 and 64 µg/mL were performed under aseptic conditions. The bags were then placed into ultraviolet light–blocking bags and stored at room temperature (23°C-25°C) or under refrigeration (3°C-5°C). Three samples of each preparation and storage environment were analyzed on days 0, 30, 45, and 60. Physical stability was performed by visual examination. The pH was assessed at baseline and upon final degradation evaluation. Sterility of the samples was not assessed. Chemical stability of epinephrine hydrochloride was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. To determine the stability-indicating nature of the assay, degradation 12 months following preparation was evaluated. Samples were considered stable if there was less than 10% degradation of the initial concentration. Results: Epinephrine hydrochloride diluted to 16 and 64 µg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection and stored in amber ultraviolet light–blocking bags was physically stable throughout the study. No precipitation was observed. At days 30 and 45, all bags had less than 10% degradation. At day 60, all refrigerated bags had less than 10% degradation. Overall, the mean concentration of all measurements demonstrated less than 10% degradation at 60 days at room temperature and under refrigeration. Conclusion: Epinephrine hydrochloride diluted to 16 and 64 µg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride bags stored in amber ultraviolet light–blocking bags was stable up to 45 days at room temperature and up to 60 days under refrigeration.

The stability of dislocation networks under various oxygen-doping conditions in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals and their influence on the flux pinning properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 802-803
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
X. Y. Cai ◽  
R. J. Kelley ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Flux Pinning ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anomalous Peak ◽  
Basal Plane Dislocation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The issue of strong flux pinning is crucial to the further development of high critical current density Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) superconductors in conductor-like applications, yet the pinning mechanisms are still much debated. Anomalous peaks in the M-H (magnetization vs. magnetic field) loops are commonly observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) single crystals. Oxygen vacancies may be effective flux pinning centers in BSCCO, as has been found in YBCO. However, it has also been proposed that basal-plane dislocation networks also act as effective pinning centers. Yang et al. proposed that the characteristic scale of the basal-plane dislocation networksmay strongly depend on oxygen content and the anomalous peak in the M-H loop at ˜20-30K may be due tothe flux pinning of decoupled two-dimensional pancake vortices by the dislocation networks. In light of this, we have performed an insitu observation on the dislocation networks precisely at the same region before and after annealing in air, vacuumand oxygen, in order to verify whether the dislocation networks change with varying oxygen content Inall cases, we have not found any noticeable changes in dislocation structure, regardless of the drastic changes in Tc and the anomalous magnetization. Therefore, it does not appear that the anomalous peak in the M-H loops is controlled by the basal-plane dislocation networks.

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽  
Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

Methods for the Concentration of Bovine Ac-Globulin (Factor V)

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo H. Landaburu ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The Stability

SummaryAn attempt was made to obtain Ac-globulin from bovine plasma. The concentrates contain mostly protein, and phosphorus is also present. The stability characteristics vary from one preparation to another, but in general there was no loss before 1 month in a deep freeze or before 1 week in an icebox, or before 5 hours at room temperature. Reducing agents destroy the activity rapidly. S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride is an effective stabilizing agent. Greatest stability was at pH 6.0.In the purification bovine plasma is adsorbed with barium carbonate and diluted 6-fold with water. Protein is removed at pH 6.0 and the Ac-globulin is precipitated at pH 5.0. Rivanol and alcohol fractionation is followed by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 or DEAE-cellulose. The final product is obtained by isoelectric precipitation.

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