scholarly journals Measures and activities for managing protected areas under climate changes: The analysis of regulatory frameworks in selected countries of central and southeast Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-218
Author(s):  
Ivana Vasic ◽  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Dragan Nonic
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Union Member States

The paper analyses regulatory frameworks (strategies and laws) in the field of nature conservation and forestry, i.e. measures and activities for managing protected areas under climate changes in selected countries of central and southeast Europe. This research aims to identify the presence of different measures and activities in strategies and laws on nature conservation and forestry, as well as their systematization and comparison. The analysis has been conducted for 5 countries: Germany (the federal state of Baden-W?rttemberg), Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Republic of Srpska). It can be concluded that the level of representation of observed measures and activities for managing protected areas differs within the regulatory frameworks of the selected counties. Within the strategies and laws on nature conservation, it can be noticed that they comprise a larger number of measures and activities for managing protected areas than in the field of forestry. Additionally, there is a clear distinction between the European Union member states and those who are not members. Some activities are insufficiently or barely implemented in both nature conservation and forestry.

Belgium and the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Drieskens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The City ◽  
European Union Member States

Belgium is one of the six founding members of European integration, but it is often seen as a special one. In both policy and research, the country is widely known as the “heart of Europe.” It even sells itself to the outside world in this way. This metaphor has a double meaning, a literal and a figurative one. First, Belgium’s capital, Brussels, qualifies as the unofficial capital of the European Union. This meaning is strongly supported by facts, with the city hosting the most numerous and the most important institutions. The second meaning requires more detailed consideration. Indeed, and second, Belgium is perceived to be the most European of all European countries, even prepared to exchange sovereignty for supranationalism at any time and any price. A closer look at data, decisions, and developments shows, however, that while support for European integration is widespread, it is not omnipresent either in time or in place. Particularly in Flanders, the northern part of the country, support has been less obvious than elsewhere. Indeed, to understand Belgium and/in the European Union, one also has to understand the functioning of Belgium as a federal state composed of communities and regions, thus as a system of multilevel governance. While it is not the only federation among European Union member states, it uniquely combines a wide variety of federal characteristics. Most importantly here, the gradual process of federalization that Belgium has experienced has given the federated entities a strong voice in European Union decision-making. Member states still need to speak with one voice, however, resulting in a complex system of coordination and representation. The possibilities and realities of this system have attracted quite a lot of scholarly interest. The same goes for the rather fundamental question of whether the European Union and federated entities should be seen as unintended partners in the hollowing out of the federal state or whether the opposite holds true and the European Union is coming to Belgium’s rescue. The jury is still out on this, though the answer seems to be growing more and more complex as time passes.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVENESS OF POLAND AND POLISH REGIONS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Irena Ozimek ◽  
Agnieszka Bobola ◽  
Julita Szlachciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Union Member States

The aim of the study is to analyse the diversity of the innovation scale of particular voivodships in Poland as well as to present Poland’s innovativeness in comparison to other countries. The authors of this paper have carried out scientific studies and analyses, taking into consideration the data for 2010–2017, published, among others, by Central Statistical Office (Główny Urząd Statystyczny), the European Commission and the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland (Urząd Patentowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). The scope of the analyses concerned the innovative activities of Poland against the background of other countries, in particular, the European Union Member States as well as the diversification of the innovative activity of entrepreneurs conducting business activity in particular voivodships in Poland. It should be noted that there is a significant regional differentation in this respect.

Importance of the Amendment of the Act on Compulsory Insurance and the Act on Insurance and Reinsurance Activity of 28 May 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (105) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Beata Mrozowska - Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Union Member ◽  
Financial Supervision ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Compulsory Insurance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms ◽  
Proper Response ◽  
Intervention Mechanism

The Act of May 28, 2020 amended the Act on Compulsory Insurance, the Insurance Guarantee Fund and the Polish Motor Insurers’ Bureau as well as the Act on Insurance and Reinsurance Activity in order to introduce efficient mechanisms and instruments to supervise foreign (re)insurance companies from the European Union Member States other than the Republic of Poland pursuing activity on the territory of Poland through a branch or in any other way under the freedom to provide services. This amendment under which the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) obtained new powers towards these entities introduced a significant change to the legal system. The KNF has been empowered to apply certain sanctions (fines) for exceeding statutory deadlines for the payment of compensation by foreign insurers, and in particular it may apply the prompt intervention mechanism if it proves necessary to remove irregularities immediately, without having to notify the competent home state supervisory authority beforehand and having to wait for its proper response. In this case, the KNF will be authorised to apply all the powers to which it is entitled towards domestic (re)insurance undertakings.

scholarly journals Conditions and Circumstances which Lead to Application to the Court of Justice of the European Union and Adoption of a Preliminary Ruling

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Albertas Milinis ◽  
Kristina Pranevičienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract This article deals with the issues concerning the communication between the national courts of the European Union Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union via the preliminary ruling procedure. The doctrines of acte clair and acte éclairé are described briefly in the article. The authors explicitly investigate the national court’s right to apply to the Court of Justice of the European Union and the obligation to apply to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling. The recent tendencies in the jurisprudence of the national courts of the Republic of Lithuania while applying for preliminary rulings are revealed.

scholarly journals Castaño avoids a clash between the ECtHR and the CJEU, but erodes Soering. Thinking human rights transnationally

2020 ◽  
pp. 203228442097974
Author(s):  
Sibel Top ◽  
Paul De Hert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
European Union Member States

This article examines the changing balance established by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) between human rights filters to extradition and the obligation to cooperate and how this shift of rationale brought the Court closer to the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in that respect. The article argues that the ECtHR initially adopted a position whereby it prioritised human rights concerns over extraditions, but that it later nuanced that approach by establishing, in some cases, an obligation to cooperate to ensure proper respect of human rights. This refinement of its position brought the ECtHR closer to the approach adopted by the CJEU that traditionally put the obligation to cooperate above human rights concerns. In recent years, however, the CJEU also backtracked to some extent from its uncompromising attitude on the obligation to cooperate, which enabled a convergence of the rationales of the two Courts. Although this alignment of the Courts was necessary to mitigate the conflicting obligations of European Union Member States towards both Courts, this article warns against the danger of making too many human rights concessions to cooperation in criminal matters.

scholarly journals General Government Debt and Budget Deficit as Threats to Economic Security of the European Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Górniewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
General Government ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract The aim of the article is to present budget deficit and government debt in the European Union member states, with particular consideration of the countries that belong to the PIIGS group. This paper has focused on the scale of these phenomena, on their reasons and on some attempts made to improve the unfavourable situation. In the main thesis presented in the article, it is stated that budget deficit and general government debt come as significant threats to economic security of the European Union (EU) countries. The research methods that have been applied in the study involve descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis.

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