scholarly journals Molecular markers applying in forest trees gene pool conservation

2009 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Jelena Milovanovic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Marker Loci

Many studies performed during the last years demonstrated the usefulness of neutral molecular markers in the field of conservation and population genetics of forest trees, in particular to understand the importance of migration patterns in shaping current genetic and geographic diversity and to measure important parameters such as effective population size, gene flow and past bottleneck. During the next years, a large amount of data at marker loci or at sequence level is expected to be collected, and to become excellent statistical power for the assessment of biological and evolutionary value.

scholarly journals Amplificación cruzada de microsatélites en dos especies de haemúlidos (Haemulon aurolineatum y Haemulon steindachneri)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula E. Pabón Quintero ◽  
José Julian Tavera ◽  
Ana María Millán-Márquez ◽  
Arturo Acero P.
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cross Amplification

Genetic-population studies in marine fish have allowed to study patterns of dispersal and connectivity between habitats. Oneimportant tool in population genetics is the use of microsatellite molecular markers. Cross-amplification of microsatellite is amethod that consists in using primers designed for one species in a different one but phylogenetically related. Because of theimportance of genetic studies of populations in artisanal fisheries species, primers were evaluated and designed for the species Haemulon aurolineatum and Haemulon steindachneri. Samples were collected from the artisanal fisheries in Barú-Colombia. Amplification was standardized for 12 microsatellites which ten were polymorphic for H. aurolineatum and nine for H. steindachneri. It is considered that the primers implemented in this study are useful for future studies of gene flow in these species.

scholarly journals The use of molecular markers in the improvement of conifer tree species

2008 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilije Isajev ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Aleksandar Lucic
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Coniferous Tree ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Conifer Tree ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

The paper reviews the study results of the use of molecular markers in coniferous tree species improvement. The results are based on presentation of the experience in the application of biochemical and molecular analyses at the level of the selected populations and individuals from different provenances of coniferous tree species. Many studies performed during the last years demonstrated the usefulness of neutral molecular markers in the field of conservation and population genetics of conifers, in particular to understand the importance of migration patterns in shaping current genetic and geographic diversity and to measure important parameters such as effective population size, past bottlenecks and gene flow. This is relevant to design conservation strategies but is of little value to understand the adaptability patterns. In the specific field of the conservation genetics, molecular markers can be extremely useful in both ex situ and in situ gene pool conservation of coniferous trees.

Molecular Markers in Population Genetics of Forest Trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ru Wang ◽  
Alfred E. Szmidt
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Forest Trees

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

scholarly journals Spatial and space-time correlations in systems of subpopulations with genetic drift and migration.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
B K Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
And Migration

Abstract The geographic distribution of genetic variation is an important theoretical and experimental component of population genetics. Previous characterizations of genetic structure of populations have used measures of spatial variance and spatial correlations. Yet a full understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial structure requires complete characterization of the underlying space-time system. This paper examines important interactions between processes and spatial structure in systems of subpopulations with migration and drift, by analyzing correlations of gene frequencies over space and time. We develop methods for studying important features of the complete set of space-time correlations of gene frequencies for the first time in population genetics. These methods also provide a new alternative for studying the purely spatial correlations and the variance, for models with general spatial dimensionalities and migration patterns. These results are obtained by employing theorems, previously unused in population genetics, for space-time autoregressive (STAR) stochastic spatial time series. We include results on systems with subpopulation interactions that have time delay lags (temporal orders) greater than one. We use the space-time correlation structure to develop novel estimators for migration rates that are based on space-time data (samples collected over space and time) rather than on purely spatial data, for real systems. We examine the space-time and spatial correlations for some specific stepping stone migration models. One focus is on the effects of anisotropic migration rates. Partial space-time correlation coefficients can be used for identifying migration patterns. Using STAR models, the spatial, space-time, and partial space-time correlations together provide a framework with an unprecedented level of detail for characterizing, predicting and contrasting space-time theoretical distributions of gene frequencies, and for identifying features such as the pattern of migration and estimating migration rates in experimental studies of genetic variation over space and time.

scholarly journals Population genetics of Southern Hemisphere tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus): Intercontinental divergence and constrained gene flow at different geographical scales

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe ◽  
Daphne Bitalo ◽  
Juan M. Cuevas ◽  
Jennifer Ovenden ◽  
Sebastián Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Galeorhinus Galeus

scholarly journals XIII Conference "Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees" IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
And Control

The present Proceedings comprise the contributions that were presented at the 13th International Conference of the IUFRO W. Party 7.02.01 “Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees” that was held in Italy from the 4th to the 10th of September 2011. The Conference started in Firenze than moved to FEM Research Centre, S. Michele all’Adige, Trento and continued in San Martino di Castrozza, Dolomite region. Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees have a high biological and economic impact in forestry. The Proceedings were organized under seven headings: Genomics and Plant-Pathogen Interactions; Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeography; Ecology; Population Genetics; Etiology and Epidemiology; Disease Management and Control; New Reports, Diagnostics and Research on the Application of new Diagnostic Methods.

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