scholarly journals Classification of trees and the effects of thinning in the artificially established spruce stand in the area of Sokolina-Kotor Varos

2007 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Zoran Govedar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Forestry Practice

The classifications of trees are mainly based on descriptive (attributive) characters and they have a great significance in thinning. In forestry practice (tree marking for felling, forest inventory, etc) in the Republic of Srpska, the most frequently applied classifications are silvicultural-technical (UT) and technical classification of trees, which are based on the knowledge of tree species, stem diameter and stem quality. In IUFRO classification, based on the silvicultural role of trees, and in UT classification, the trees are classified in three categories. The knowledge and application of these classifications is especially significant in the management of artificially established stands. Economic losses in spruce plantations occur because of untimely tending, especially thinning, which has multiple adverse effects on tree quality. The aim of this paper is to point out the application and the relation of UT and IUFRO classifications, as well as the effect of thinning on tree quality structure in both classifications. The research was performed in a 29-years-old spruce plantation established in the belt of mixed forests of beech and fir. The silvicultural-technical and IUFRO classifications were performed and compared in the aim of their application in different thinning treatments (high thinning of light and moderate weight and mixed thinning of moderate weight). Taking into account the state of spruce plantations in the Republic of Srpska, the effect of thinning on stand quality structure was researched and UT classification of trees applied in practice was compared with IUFRO classification.

scholarly journals The situation of Syrian Christians in the context of the Arab Spring events

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383
Author(s):  
Sergei Leonidovich Medvedko
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article is based on the information published in foreign and Russian sources and media, as well as on the basis of the authors own research and interviews carried out in Syria. The aim of the work is to study the situation of Syrian Christians after the events of the Arab Spring-2011. This is the scientific novelty of the topic. The article is devoted to the problems that not only touched, but most dramatically affected the life of Christians in Syria, who traditionally presented at least 12% of its population (and much more in the past). They are representatives of the most indigenous religion in the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR). The work also traces the role of Christians in the history and socio-political life of Syria, analyzes their current situation, evaluates the events of recent years and draws appropriate conclusions. In particular, the author believes that the Arab Spring led not only to huge human and economic losses, but also to serious ethno-confessional structural changes in the society of the SAR. With the possible disappearance of this native part of the Syrian population, who lived here and represented almost all the inhabitants of that region before the Islam, the republic may lose not only 12 percent of the most educated and active part of its population, but also its tourist attractiveness in the eyes of the whole world. Although Syria has always been considered the cradle of Christianity it could lose its reputation as one of the most tolerant countries of the Arab world.

Pixel- and object-based multispectral classification of forest tree species from small unmanned aerial vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Object Based

Forest inventory, monitoring, and assessment requires accurate tree species identification and mapping. Recent experiences with multispectral data from small fixed-wing and rotary blade unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suggest a role for this technology in the emerging paradigm of enhanced forest inventory (EFI). In this paper, pixel-based and object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods were compared in UAV-based tree species classification of nine commercial tree species in mature eastern Ontario mixedwood forests. Unsupervised clustering and supervised classification of tree crown pixels yielded approximately 50%–60% classification accuracy overall; OBIA with image segmentation to delineate tree crowns and machine learning yielded up to 80% classification accuracy overall. Spectral response patterns and tree crown shape and geometric differences were interpreted in context of their ability to separate tree species of interest with these classification methods. Accuracy assessment was based on field-based forest inventory tree species identification. The paper provides a brief summary of future research issues that will influence the growth of this geomatics innovation in forest tree species classification and forest inventory.

scholarly journals Essence and Specifics of the Magistrate’s Court and Conciliation Proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Mihail Mateev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article is an attempt at a theoretical understanding of the following con- cepts: conciliation procedures, magistrate’s courts and magistrate’s justice. The research aims to analyse the genesis and nature of the models of magistrate’s justice that have de- veloped in the practice of national legal systems, and in particular in the judicial practice of the Republic of Bulgaria. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a brief historical and comparative legal analysis of well-known models of magistrate’s justice. These include foreign legislations, and countries belonging to the continental legal family and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. This made it possible to assess the diversity of the essential elements of the institute of magistrate’s justice, and highlight their main models. Results. Based on the study of the place and role of justices of the peace in the judicial sys- tem, the author concluded that there is an emergence of justice according to the principles established during the thousand-year history of the development of justice in Europe. The classification of the types of magistrate’s justice has been carried out. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, conciliation and litigation in the resolution of disputes are also con- sidered. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientific conclusions are formulated concerning the legal na- ture of the analyzed institution, and its place in the justice system.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN SLOVENE MILITARY TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
TINA PECOVNIK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Language Standardization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Typological Classification

Following Slovenia’s independence, Slovene military language began to develop rapidly. After the country joined NATO, however, it had to face new language requirements and, in particular, the influence of the English language. When it comes to the military technical language, its researchers and users must keep abreast of developments, act in a terminologically harmonized manner and adapt to NATO standards. The article presents an overview of terminological efforts at the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia. It critically evaluates terminology processes and ways of obtaining terminology, but also emphasizes the need for formally approved standardization procedures and the vital role of a renewed standardization commission. The term-formation typological classification of monolingual Slovene terms frequently found in contemporary military texts points to the necessity for modern and more systematic term acquisition and terminology research procedures, and serves as the basis for the presentation of individual examples of term formation practices in military terminology. Key words Military technical language, standardization, term formation, terminological principles, terminological intervention

scholarly journals Typology Of Materials On The Environmental Topic In The Media Of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Nargis Sunnat kizi Kosimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Environmental Journalism ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The article discusses the issues of classification of materials of the media in Uzbekistan on environmental topics, analyzes the state of environmental journalism in the republic and identifies shortcomings in the presentation of environmental information and its impact on the formation of environmental thinking of the population. The author of the study revealed and analyzed the shortcomings of the theoretical base on the problems of media coverage of environmental problems, highlight the typology of environmental journalism in Uzbekistan,consider the problems of forming the ecological culture of the population through the media.And also to determine the role of environmental journalism in Uzbekistan in the international information space. The main results of the research are the analysis of quantitative indicators of journalistic materials on environmental topics. As a result of the study, it was revealed that there is no consistency, genre and thematic diversity in the presentation of environmental information in the media. The expediency of ecological specialization in training journalists is recommended.

scholarly journals Economic losses caused by tree species proportions and site type errors in forest management planning

Silva Fennica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Haara ◽  
Annika Kangas ◽  
Sakari Tuominen
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Species Proportions

The aim of this study was to estimate economic losses, which are caused by forest inventory errors of tree species proportions and site types. Our study data consisted of ground truth data and four sets of erroneous tree species proportions. They reflect the accuracy of tree species proportions in four remote sensing data sets, namely 1) airborne laser scanning (ALS) with 2D aerial image, 2) 2D aerial image, 3) 3D and 2D aerial image data together and 4) satellite data. Furthermore, our study data consisted of one simulated site type data set. We used the erroneous tree species proportions to optimise the timing of forest harvests and compared that to the true optimum obtained with ground truth data. According to the results, the mean losses of Net Present Value (NPV) because of erroneous tree species proportions at an interest rate of 3% varied from 124.4 € ha to 167.7 € ha. The smallest losses were observed using tree species proportions predicted using ALS data and largest using satellite data. In those stands, respectively, in which tree species proportion errors actually caused economic losses, they were 468 € ha on average with tree species proportions based on ALS data. In turn, site type errors caused only small losses. Based on this study, accurate tree species identification seems to be very important with respect to operational forest inventory.–1–1–1

scholarly journals Risk-oriented approach to ensuring environmental safety of the devastated territories for urban development

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Voskresenskaya ◽  
Lybov Vorona-Slivinskaya ◽  
Tatyana Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Leningrad Oblast ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers the possibilities to improve the use of devastated territories of the Russian Federation, particularly of the Northwest Federal District and the Leningrad Oblast. The work provides data on monitoring the formation, usage and disposal of waste and outlines the range of environmental problems occurring due to exploitation of devastated territories. Measures of optimizing these territories, prospects for their implementation and related risks that may entail economic losses for urban development were determined in the article. This work reveals the important role of geoecological factors played in addressing the issues of preparing such areas for further building development. The study of characteristics and classification of devastated lands is of great importance for the rational planning of urban space. Successful rehabilitation of devastated lands enables their integration into the urban environment, the most effective usage and ensuring their social and economic potential growth for urban development.

USE OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF TAXATION WHEN PERFORMING TAX REFORMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
S.A. Voronin ◽  
◽  
A.H. Ubaidullaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Republic

The article considers the views of representatives of various scientific schools on the problems of taxation. The evolution of scientific views that determine the role of the state in tax matters is shown. The tendency of convergence of scientific theories, scientific and methodological approaches to the implementation of tax policy is noted. The assessment of measures taken in Uzbekistan to improve the tax sphere for their compliance with the criteria of scientific theories of taxation, as well as foreign experience, has been carried out. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed on improving the classification of taxes and mandatory payments, as well as improving existing tax instruments.

scholarly journals The corticosteroids in aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Charikleia-Lydia Chrysoglou ◽  
Maria Goula
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Methods Of Application

The aim of this study is to present the role of corticosteroids in aesthetics. To begin with, the actions of corticosteroids are analyzed as well as their adverse effects, their classification and methods to avoid possible adverse effects when they are used topically. The use of corticosteroids in aesthetics is limited because of their variety of pharmacological actions. Corticosteroids affect almost every system of human body even if they are used topically, so they must not be considered as moisturizing or soothing products, but as medications with specific properties, indications and contraindications. Their administration is always on medical prescription, at a certain dose and for a specific period of time, even for local application on the skin. In addition, the classification of topical corticosteroids according to their potency by World Health Organization (WHO) is further discussed. Furthermore, the role of topical corticosteroids is further investigated. Finally, methods of application depending on the skin area are analyzed and combinations of corticosteroids with other medications such

Raiders Activity on the Market for Corporate Control as a Product of Coercive Entrepreneurship Evolution

2007 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
A. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Control ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The paper studies the problem of raiders activity on the market for corporate control. This activity is considered as a product of coercive entrepreneurship evolution. Their similarities and sharp distinctions are shown. The article presents the classification of raiders activity, discribes its basic characteristics and tendencies, defines the role of government in the process of its transformation.

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