scholarly journals Comparison of classical CIC and a new class of stopband-improved CIC filters formed by cascading non-identical comb sections

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Dejan Milic ◽  
Vlastimir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Selective Filter ◽  
Integer Coefficients ◽  
New Class

In this paper we propose a new class of selective CIC filters in recursive and nonrecursive form. The filters use a modification of CIC concept, which is achieved by applying a set of non-identical comb sections in cascade. We illustrate examples of the proposed filter function and calculate integer coefficients of filter impulse response. Detailed comparison between the proposed selective filter class and classical CIC filters is given. The results show that the stopband selectivity can be improved significantly in comparison with classical CIC filters with the same filter complexity.

scholarly journals Shape of impulse response characteristics of linear-phase nonrecursive 2D FIR filter function

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Pavlovic ◽  
Dejan Milic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic-Kozarov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Given

An analytical method for the new class of linear-phase multiplierless 2D FIR filter functions generated by applying the Christoffel-Darboux formula for classical Chebyshev polynomials of the first and the second kind, proposed in [6] was used for designing of linear-phase multiplierless 2D FIR filter described in this paper. Correct transformation from continuous two-dimensional domain into the z domains without residuum and without errors is described. The proposed solution high selectivity is a filter function in the z1 domain, and the Hilbert transformer in the z2 domain. The impulse response coefficients of proposed 2D FIR filter functions are presented in this paper, and corresponding examples of impulse response are illustrated. The paper also presents detailed analysis of the size of pass-band and stop-band of proposed multiplierless linear-phase 2D FIR filter function. Normalized surface area of the filter function pass-band is 3.45789156 10-5 for given maximal attenuation of 0.28 dB. Normalized surface area of the filter function stop-band is 80.395% for the given minimal attenuation of 100 dB.

scholarly journals A novel analytical method for the selective multiplierless linear-phase 2D FIR filter function

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-700
Author(s):  
Jelena Djordjevic-Kozarov ◽  
Vlastimir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Chebyshev Polynomials ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
New Class ◽  
Fundamental Research

In this paper, a novel analytical method for new class of selective linear-phase two-dimensional (2D) finite impulse response (FIR) filter functions generated by applying a new modified 2D Christoffel-Darboux formula for classical orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials of the first and the second kind is proposed. Fundamental research proposed in this paper is also illustrated by examples of 2D FIR filter and adequate comparison with new class of multiplierless linear-phase 2D FIR filter function given in the literature.

The Formation, Structure, Distribution and Frequency of Nuclear Pores

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
G. G. Maul
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Nuclear Pores ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Selective Filter ◽  
Membranous Part

The chromatin of eukaryotic cells is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane. One obvious structural specialization of the nuclear membrane is the presence of pores which have been implicated to facilitate the selective nucleocytoplasmic exchange of a variety of large molecules. Thus, the function of nuclear pores has mainly been regarded to be a passive one. Non-membranous diaphragms, radiating fibers, central rings, and other pore-associated structures were thought to play a role in the selective filter function of the nuclear pore complex. Evidence will be presented that suggests that the nuclear pore is a dynamic structure which is non-randomly distributed and can be formed during interphase, and that a close relationship exists between chromatin and the membranous part of the nuclear pore complex.Octagonality of the nuclear pore complex has been confirmed by a variety of techniques. Using the freeze-etching technique, it was possible to show that the membranous part of the pore complex has an eight-sided outline in human melanoma cells in vitro. Fibers which traverse the pore proper at its corners are continuous and indistinguishable from chromatin at the nucleoplasmic side, as seen in conventionally fixed and sectioned material. Chromatin can be seen in octagonal outline if serial sections are analyzed which are parallel but do not include nuclear membranes (Fig. 1). It is concluded that the shape of the pore rim is due to fibrous material traversing the pore, and may not have any functional significance. In many pores one can recognize a central ring with eight fibers radiating to the corners of the pore rim. Such a structural arrangement is also found to connect eight ribosomes at the nuclear membrane.

scholarly journals Stellar mass loss and HII region morphology in Magellanic irregular galaxies

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Dopita ◽  
I.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Hii Region ◽  
New Class ◽  
Irregular Galaxies ◽  
Central Stars

AbstractThe problem of the interaction of a strong stellar wind with a massive collapsing neutral hydrogen cloud has been considered and a new class of steady flow solutions found.The detailed comparison of these models with one filamentary shell, N70 in the LMC, shows that they successfully explain all the observed properties of the HII region and enable mean mass-loss rates to be derived for the central stars.

scholarly journals Filter function synthesis by Gegenbauer generating function

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Amplitude Characteristics

Low-pass all-pole transfer functions with non-monotonic amplitude characteristic in the pass-band and at least (n -1) flatness conditions for ? = 0 are considered in this paper. A new class of filters in explicit form with one free parameter is obtained by applying generating functions of Gegenbauer polynomials. This class of filters has good selectivity and good shape of amplitude characteristics in the pass-band. The amplitude characteristics of these transfer functions have gain in the upper part of pass-band with respect to the gain for ? = 0. This way we have greater margin of attenuation in the upper part of the pass-band. This means a greater tolerance of elements or for elements with given tolerances, greater ambient temperature changes. The appropriate choice of the free parameter enables us to generate filter functions obtained with Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind and Legendre polynomials.

A New Class Of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Deepak Gudivada ◽  
◽  
P.V. Muralidhar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
Iir Filters ◽  
New Class

Using Cascaded Non-Identical CIC Sections to Improve Insertion Loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana P. Stošić ◽  
Vlastimir D. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Fir Filters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Cic Filter ◽  
Constant Group

A novel class of cascaded-integrator-comb (CIC) filter functions, which preserve the CIC filter simplicity avoiding the multipliers, is proposed in this paper. The proposed class is designed using several cascaded non-identical CIC sections. The paper provides its non-recursive and recursive forms, as well as frequency response. Compared with classical CIC finite impulse response (FIR) filters designed novel class shows excellent performances in term of insertion loss in stopband and selectivity. To verify the behavior of the proposed novel class of CIC FIR filter functions, several illustrative examples are provided. Also, comparisons of the novel filter class with existing classical CIC structures and some recent improvements given in the literature are provided. For the same level of a constant group delay of 31.5 s, a classical CIC filter function has insertion loss of 115.176 dB, and proposed novel filter function has 136.757 dB. It has achieved significant improvement of 21.581 dB or approximately about 20%.

scholarly journals Nilpotent, Algebraic and Quasi-Regular Elements in Rings and Algebras

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-769
Author(s):  
Nik Stopar
Keyword(s):  
Jacobson Radical ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
Regular Elements ◽  
Integer Coefficients ◽  
New Class ◽  
Nil Ring ◽  
Rings And Algebras

AbstractWe prove that an integral Jacobson radical ring is always nil, which extends a well-known result from algebras over fields to rings. As a consequence we show that if every element x of a ring R is a zero of some polynomial px with integer coefficients, such that px(1) = 1, then R is a nil ring. With these results we are able to give new characterizations of the upper nilradical of a ring and a new class of rings that satisfy the Köthe conjecture: namely, the integral rings.

In Situ microscopy of the anodic etching of silicon

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Frances M. Ross ◽  
Peter C. Searson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
New Class ◽  
Porous Semiconductors

Porous semiconductors represent a relatively new class of materials formed by the selective etching of a single or polycrystalline substrate. Although porous silicon has received considerable attention due to its novel optical properties1, porous layers can be formed in other semiconductors such as GaAs and GaP. These materials are characterised by very high surface area and by electrical, optical and chemical properties that may differ considerably from bulk. The properties depend on the pore morphology, which can be controlled by adjusting the processing conditions and the dopant concentration. A number of novel structures can be fabricated using selective etching. For example, self-supporting membranes can be made by growing pores through a wafer, films with modulated pore structure can be fabricated by varying the applied potential during growth, composite structures can be prepared by depositing a second phase into the pores and silicon-on-insulator structures can be formed by oxidising a buried porous layer. In all these applications the ability to grow nanostructures controllably is critical.

The microtubule associated protein (MAP) tau forms a new class of triple-stranded left-hand helical fibrous protein polymer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. C. Ruben ◽  
K. Iqbal ◽  
I. Grundke-Iqbal ◽  
H. Wisniewski ◽  
T. L. Ciardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protein Polymer ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Neurotransmitter Transport ◽  
Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Tangles

In neurons, the microtubule associated protein, tau, is found in the axons. Tau stabilizes the microtubules required for neurotransmitter transport to the axonal terminal. Since tau has been found in both Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and in paired helical filaments (PHF), the study of tau's normal structure had to preceed TEM studies of NFT and PHF. The structure of tau was first studied by ultracentrifugation. This work suggested that it was a rod shaped molecule with an axial ratio of 20:1. More recently, paraciystals of phosphorylated and nonphosphoiylated tau have been reported. Phosphorylated tau was 90-95 nm in length and 3-6 nm in diameter where as nonphosphorylated tau was 69-75 nm in length. A shorter length of 30 nm was reported for undamaged tau indicating that it is an extremely flexible molecule. Tau was also studied in relation to microtubules, and its length was found to be 56.1±14.1 nm.

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