scholarly journals Karl Renner’s theory of national autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Xabier Arzoz
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Legal Recognition ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Majority Principle ◽  
National Autonomy

Karl Renner?s theory of national autonomy has not been sufficiently taken into account by scholars due to difficulties in its reception and puzzling content. Neither liberal nor communitarian, his original theory combines individual rights with collective rights, territorial autonomy with personal autonomy, classical federalism with establishment of nations as constituent parts of the state. This paper will introduce the reader to Renner?s main concepts. It will start by presenting Renner?s ideas on the nation, the multinational state, the role of the majority principle, and the need for nations? legal recognition by and within the state. Then, Renner?s core notion of national autonomy and its organisation through the personality principle will be discussed. Further, the paper deals with Renner?s concept of the representation of national interests at the federal or supranational levels. Lastly, it sums up the discussion and draws conclusions regarding Renner?s theory of autonomy in general.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY IN PURSUING THE ALBANIAN NATIONAL INTEREST

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Dragan Novaković
Keyword(s):  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Absolute Majority

Complex processes which enabled Albanians to gain full control over a unifi ed and centralized Islamic Community in the Socialist Yugoslavia are presented in this work. Islamic Community’s decision to align its organization with the state’s organization model provided by the Constitution and to establish its central bodies on the basis of equal representation of all council territories which coincided with the administrative boundaries of the republics of that time enabled the Albanians to obtain absolute majority in the bodies at the highest level. For years the established domination presented no problem because the Albanian representatives were cooperative and unwilling to challenge the supremacy of the Muslims, but when the disintegration crisis of the state began to unravel, it resurfaced with a dramatic twist. Abandoning its initial neutrality, the Islamic Community in the fi rst phase openly supported one side demanding disintegration of the state and in the second phase, breaking up of Serbia’s territorial integrity and creation of an independent Kosovo. These activities clearly indicate that the Albanian factor had acted premeditatedly when taking control of the Islamic Community as a whole and that it had taken advantage of favourable historical circumstances using the Islamic Community as a lever to pursue the projected national interests that were to be materialized through the fi nal status of Kosovo and Metohija.

scholarly journals The Artist and Politics (1954)

ARTMargins ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-126
Author(s):  
Bülent Ecevit
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Art World ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Turkish Society ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This essay analyzes three polemic newspaper articles written in the early 1950s by the art critic, gallerist, and future Turkish prime minister Bülent Ecevit (1925–2006), “Artistic Awakening in Ankara” (1953), “The Artist and Politics” (1954), and “The Burden of the Intellectual” (1956). It argues that Ecevit's articles document a local intelligentsia's efforts to theorize the role of art in Turkish society at a crucial moment of political transformation. As Turkey abandoned its authoritarian past in order to conduct its inaugural experiment with multi-party democracy, Ecevit's columns took up two of the period's most pressing questions: the extent to which the state should control the local art world, and in what ways Turkey's newly enfranchised citizens might enact their individual rights within the realm of culture. The essay also demonstrates the importance of these three articles to Ecevit's subsequent political and intellectual trajectory: they were central to his lifelong efforts to continue the progressive social and political modernization project of the early Turkish Republic, while developing new forums for its critique, reinterpretation, and reinvigoration.

Towards Effective Implementation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-177
Author(s):  
Michael Gyan Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
African Child ◽  
Legal Recognition ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Welfare Of The Child ◽  
African Charter ◽  
Desk Research

AbstractThe adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989 marked an important step towards the ‘legal recognition and protection of the rights of children’. The inadequacies of the CRC regarding some issues peculiar to the African child, however, led to the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC or African Children’s Charter) in 1990, to complement the CRC and provide protection to children in peculiar African realities. The desired effects of the Charter will, however, only be achieved if its provisions are diligently implemented. Based on desk research and semi-structured interviews, this article discusses the implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt, highlighting the legislative and other measures adopted by Egypt to implement the provisions of the ACRWC. It also considers the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children’s Committee) in ensuring implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt through the state reporting and complaint mechanisms and considers the measures adopted by Egypt towards the implementation of concluding observations of the African Children’s Committee. It concludes with recommendations on how Egypt can better implement the provisions of the ACRWC.

scholarly journals Role of National Taxes and Fees in the System of Mandatory Payments

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
O. V Pabat
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Regional Budgets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which determine the national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments, have been studied. It has been determined that the main purpose of national taxes and fees is the formation and saturation of the State budget’s revenues. The influence of national taxes and fees on the regulation of production and consumption has been clarified. It has been stated that national taxes and fees have a general impact on each person, obliging him or her to pay taxes established by the Tax Code. It has been determined that the studied taxes and fees are a lever for regulating and preventing negative tendencies in the economy and are the part of the mechanism that ensures the relationship between national interests and the interests of local business entities. The role of national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments as a source of revenues of the State budget (given their stability) also determines the policy of formation of all other types of revenues. The role of national taxes and fees in the formation of local budgets in Ukraine has been analyzed, namely such instruments of budget regulation as interest deductions from national taxes and revenues, budget transfers (budget subsidies, subsidies and subventions, withdrawals to the State Budget of Ukraine, intergovernmental settlements) and budget loans. It has been offered that the share of national taxes, which should be fixed in local budgets, is defined in proportion to the amount of the relevant national tax collected in a particular community. An important criterion for the VAT distribution between centeral and regional budgets should be the population of the region. It has been noted that national taxes are distributed between different levels of the budget system in accordance with the norms of deductions.

scholarly journals Pandemics and the role of governments

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State

Abstract The recent pandemic has raised fundamental questions about the traditional role of government. That role has stressed the pursuit of national interests and identified the tools that governments should use in the pursuit of those interests. While over the past century the desirable role of the state was amended to include new objectives (such as equity and stabilization) the focus had remained national interests. This paper argues that this national focus has become increasingly anachronistic and damaging.

Statistics as a Tool for Information Wars

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
M. V. Karmanov ◽  
O. A. Zolotareva
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
First Century ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
High Turbulence

In the twenty-first century, information wars have become so widespread that it makes no sense to hush up their role in shaping public opinion. Objectively, it is necessary to recognize that the contradictions within any society that arise for a variety of reasons can undermine stability, plunge the state into a zone of «high turbulence» with uncertain but clearly negative consequences. Statistics, providing specific digital information, allows you to generate, change, maintain, public opinion, to form a worldview and value orientations. In this regard, it is of great interest to analyze the place and role of statistics in conducting information campaigns aimed at achieving national interests of both individual countries and their unions.

Sites of Manufacturing Consent or Resistance? Post-2000 Media and Political Contestation in Zimbabwe=

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admire Mare
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ruling Party

Many studies have documented how repressive regimes appropriate traditional and digital media for propaganda, legitimation, and demonization purposes, but little has been written about how these platforms are used by both the ruling elite and pro-democracy forces in a militarized authoritarian context like Zimbabwe. This chapter examines the role of the traditional and digital media in legitimizing and resisting the ZANU-PF government’s authoritarian nationalist project since 2000. The Zimbabwean context provides an invaluable, multidimensional field to tease out the framing and contestation of hegemonic and counter-hegemonic projects by those in power and opposition forces, including the deployment of media platforms for factional and succession battles in a fragile political environment. The chapter argues that pro-democracy forces have used alternative media spaces like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter to circumvent the gatekeeping and filtering practices of the state media empire, as well as to fight factional battles within the opposition. Tech-savvy political gladiators within ZANU-PF have also relied heavily on digital media platforms to advance factional agendas inside the ruling party. In the end, the media became the battleground for advancing factional, succession, and party-political agendas rather than national interests.

Gender punitivism: Queer perspectives on identity politics in criminal justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-536
Author(s):  
Moira Pérez ◽  
Blas Radi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Legal Recognition ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Lgbt Activism ◽  
Vulnerable Subjects

The article examines the convergence of identity politics and punitivism, two tendencies that profoundly affect current LGBT activism and state criminal policies. It considers the case of Argentina, a country often deemed exemplary in terms of gender-related legislation, and analyses a 2018 sentence that incorporates the concept of ‘travesticide’ in order to examine how the role of identity in political strategies, added to prevailing notions of gender, limits the possible approaches and answers to violence against gender non-conforming communities. It then takes this a step forward to understand how these answers are, in turn, often reduced to punitivist outcomes, narrowing the understanding of reparation and exposing the most vulnerable subjects in the community to further violence. As a contribution to Queer Criminologies, the article seeks to expose the limitations of identity politics, and in particular of its advocacy for gendered rights, showing how they can force gender non-conforming subjects to choose between rights, most notably between legal recognition of their gender identity, and safety vis-à-vis the state apparatus of criminal justice.

Early American Gun Regulation and the Second Amendment: A Closer Look at the Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Cornell
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
State Control ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Early American ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
New Variant ◽  
American Law ◽  
Ardent Supporter ◽  
The Right

The scholarly debate over the meaning of the Second Amendment and the scope of gun regulation has been marred by ideological distortions. Michael Bellesiles, an ardent supporter of collective rights theory, argued that state control over weapons was virtually unlimited. Now Robert Churchill, a champion of individual rights theory, stakes out an equally bold position. In his view, a distinct and separate right to keep arms evolved under American law. According to this new variant of individual rights theory, the state might regulate bearing arms, but it was prohibited from regulating the right to keep arms.

Retrospective Analysis of the Reforms of the Content of General Secondary Education: How They Contribute to the Consolidation of Public Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
А. Абылкасымова ◽  
A. Abylkasymova ◽  
Михаил Рыжаков ◽  
Mikhail Ryzhakov ◽  
Сергей Шишов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Question ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Face ◽  
State Educational

The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of reforming the education systems of Russia and Kazakhstan over the past three decades to identify appropriate areas of development of the education system in the face of the confrontation of globalization and the preservation of national interests of our countries. The following tasks are solved: to analyze the experience of the development of state educational standards; to evaluate the results of international research in the field of education; to assess the role of schools in the development of the state and the role of the state in the development of education in the face of the confrontation of globalization ideas and the preservation of national interests of our countries. The following methods were used: content analysis, statistical analysis, hermeneutic approach, method of historical and cultural research. Reforming the education system has led to fundamental changes in both the field itself and the public consciousness of our citizens. As a result, a part of the population approves of reforms, and another part does not accept them, referring to the fact that the former education system was one of the best in the world. The standards of general education, and then the standards of pedagogical education were largely modernized. This led to changes in their content. As a result, various educational systems emerged and the terms “competence” and “competence approach” were consolidated, which became the main components of the content of education, both general and professional pedagogical. The school itself is changing and the role of the teacher in it. However, to date society does not have an answer to the main question - what positive results did our entry into the world educational space give us. The authors propose to comprehensively analyze the carried out modernization in the field, draw conclusions and, if necessary, make corrections to the essence and content of the ongoing reforms in the system of both general secondary and higher pedagogical education.

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